Tradeoff Analysis of Factors Affecting Longitudinal Carrier Landing Performance for Small UAV Based on Backstepping Controller

Tradeoff analysis of the factors,including external environment and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)aerodynamic attributes,which affect longitudinal carrier landing performance,is important for small UAV.First,small UAV longitudinal carrier landing system is established,as well as the nonlinear dynamics and kinematics model,and then the longitudinal flight control system using backstepping technology with minimum information about the aerodynamic is designed.To assess the landing performance,a variety of influencing factors are considered,resulting in the constraints of aerodynamic attributes of carrier UAV.The simulation results show that the severe sea condition has the greatest influence on landing dispersion,while air wake is the primary factor on impact velocity.Among the longitudinal aerodynamic parameters,the lift curve slope is the most important factor affecting the landing performance,and increasing lift curve slope can improve the landing performance significantly.A better system performance will be achieved when the lift curve slope is larger than 2per radian.

A Software-in-the-Loop Implementation of Adaptive Formation Control for Fixed-Wing UAVs

This paper discusses the design and software-in-theloop implementation of adaptive formation controllers for fixedwing unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) with parametric uncertainty in their structure, namely uncertain mass and inertia. In fact, when aiming at autonomous flight, such parameters cannot assumed to be known as they might vary during the mission(e.g.depending on the payload). Modeling and autopilot design for such autonomous fixed-wing UAVs are presented. The modeling is implemented in Matlab, while the autopilot is based on ArduPilot, a popular open-source autopilot suite. Specifically, the ArduP ilot functionalities are emulated in Matlab according to the Ardupilot documentation and code, which allows us to perform software-in-the-loop simulations of teams of UAVs embedded with actual autopilot protocols. An overview of realtime path planning, trajectory tracking and formation control resulting from the proposed platform is given. The software-inthe-loop simulations show the capability of achieving different UAV formations while handling uncertain mass and inertia.

A Trajectory Prediction Based Intelligent Handover Control Method in UAV Cellular Networks

The airborne base station(ABS) can provide wireless coverage to the ground in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) cellular networks.When mobile users move among adjacent ABSs,the measurement information reported by a single mobile user is used to trigger the handover mechanism.This handover mechanism lacks the consideration of movement state of mobile users and the location relationship between mobile users,which may lead to handover misjudgments and even communication interrupts.In this paper,we propose an intelligent handover control method in UAV cellular networks.Firstly,we introduce a deep learning model to predict the user trajectories.This prediction model learns the movement behavior of mobile users from the measurement information and analyzes the positional relations between mobile users such as avoiding collision and accommodating fellow pedestrians.Secondly,we propose a handover decision method,which can calculate the users' corresponding receiving power based on the predicted location and the characteristic of air-to-ground channel,to make handover decisions accurately.Finally,we use realistic data sets with thousands of non-linear trajectories to verify the basic functions and performance of our proposed intelligent handover controlmethod.The simulation results show that the handover success rate of the proposed method is 8% higher than existing methods.

Quadcopter UAV Modeling and Automatic Flight Control Design

The mathematical model of quadcopter-unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)is derived by using two approaches:One is the Newton-Euler approach which is formulated using classical mechanics;and other is the Euler-Lagrange approach which describes the model in terms of kinetic(translational and rotational)and potential energy.The proposed quadcopter′s non-linear model is incorporated with aero-dynamical forces generated by air resistance,which helps aircraft to exhibits more realistic behavior while hovering.Based on the obtained model,the suitable control strategy is developed,under which two effective flight control systems are developed.Each control system is created by cascading the proportional-derivative(PD)and T-S fuzzy controllers that are equipped with six and twelve feedback signals individually respectively to ensure better tracking,stabilization,and response.Both proposed flight control designs are then implemented with the quadcopter model respectively and multitudinous simulations are conducted using MATLAB/Simulink to analyze the tracking performance of the quadcopter model at various reference inputs and trajectories.

Backstepping sliding mode control with self recurrent wavelet neural network observer for a novel coaxial twelve-rotor UAV

The robust attitude control for a novel coaxial twelve-rotor UAV which has much greater payload capacity,higher drive capability and damage tolerance than a quad-rotor UAV is studied. Firstly,a dynamical and kinematical model for the coaxial twelve-rotor UAV is designed. Considering model uncertainties and external disturbances,a robust backstepping sliding mode control( BSMC) with self recurrent wavelet neural network( SRWNN) method is proposed as the attitude controller for the coaxial twelve-rotor. A combinative algorithm of backstepping control and sliding mode control has simplified design procedures with much stronger robustness benefiting from advantages of both controllers. SRWNN as the uncertainty observer is able to estimate the lumped uncertainties effectively.Then the uniformly ultimate stability of the twelve-rotor system is proved by Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally,the validity of the proposed robust control method adopted in the twelve-rotor UAV under model uncertainties and external disturbances are demonstrated via numerical simulations and twelve-rotor prototype experiments.

Mobile Jammer-Aided Secure UAV Communications via Trajectory Design and Power Control

To further promote the achievable average secrecy rate for UAV-ground communications, a UAV-aided mobile jamming strategy was proposed in this paper. Specifically, an additional cooperative UAV is employed as a mobile jammer to transmit the jamming signal to help keep the source UAV closer to the ground destination, thus establishing more favorable legitimate link and enhancing the secrecy performance. We aimed to maximize the achievable secrecy rate by jointly optimizing the trajectories and transmit power of both source UAV and jammer UAV. To solve the considered non-convex optimization problem, we presented a block coordinate descent based iterative algorithm to address a sequence of approximated convex problems for the optimized parameter block by block to find a local optimal solution. Numerical results verify that the proposed algorithm can achieve significant secrecy rate gain compared to all the benchmark schemes.

Sensor fault-tolerant observer applied in UAV anti-skid braking control under control input constraint

This paper proposes a method for addressing the problem of sensor fault-tolerant control (FTC) for anti-skid braking systems (ABSs). When the wheel velocity sensor of the ABS for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) becomes faulty, wheel velocity failure and feedback instability may occur. Firstly, a fault diagnosis and isolation (FDI) method based on a sliding mode observer approach is introduced to detect and isolate the fault of the sensor. When the wheel velocity sensor is in healthy conditions, the observer works in a diagnosis mode. If faults occur in the sensor, it acts as a wheel velocity estimator. Secondly, an FTC strategy, adopting a feedback compensation structure, is designed with input control constraints. In addition, based on the FDI result, a terminal sliding mode (TSM) controller is designed to guarantee that slip-ratio tracks its appropriate reference values in situations where runways change conditions during landing. The control system switches automatically from control using a wheel velocity sensor to sensorless control mode, so the observer-based FTC scheme is established. It is logical that the ABS keeps observed-state and remains stable when the wheel velocity sensor is broken and during external disturbance. Finally, simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 1990-2011 Beijing Institute of Aerospace Information.

Robust Tracking Control of Uncertain MIMO Nonlinear Systems with Application to UAVs

In this paper, we consider the robust adaptive tracking control of uncertain multi-input and multi-output(MIMO) nonlinear systems with input saturation and unknown external disturbance. The nonlinear disturbance observer(NDO)is employed to tackle the system uncertainty as well as the external disturbance. To handle the input saturation, an auxiliary system is constructed as a saturation compensator. By using the backstepping technique and the dynamic surface method,a robust adaptive tracking control scheme is developed. The closed-loop system is proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded thorough Lyapunov stability analysis. Simulation results with application to an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust control scheme.

Modeling and robust adaptive control for a coaxial twelve-rotor UAV

Compared with the quad-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the coaxial twelve-rotor UAV has stronger load carrying capacity, higher driving ability and stronger damage resistance. This paper focuses on its robust adaptive control. First, a mathematical model of a coaxial twelve-rotor is established. Aiming at the problem of model uncertainty and external disturbance of the coaxial twelve-rotor UAV, the attitude controller is innovatively adopted with the combination of a backstepping sliding mode controller (BSMC) and an adaptive radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). The BSMC combines the advantages of backstepping control and sliding mode control, which has a simple design process and strong robustness. The RBFNN as an uncertain observer, can effectively estimate the total uncertainty. Then the stability of the twelve-rotor UAV control system is proved by Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, it is proved that the robust adaptive control strategy presented in this paper can overcome model uncertainty and external disturbance effectively through numerical simulation and prototype of twelve-rotor UAV tests.

基于深度强化学习的UAV联盟网络通算联合设计

无人机联盟网络中通信和计算互耦,故对通信和计算进行联合设计有助于提升其整体性能。基于此,文中研究了基于深度强化学习的UAV联盟网络通算联合设计技术。首先,提出基于置信区间上界(UCB)Dueling DQN(U-DDQN)和状态归一化的双延迟深度确定性策略梯度(N-TD3)的多域抗干扰通信策略,根据该策略给UAV链路分配频道和功率并计算出各链路容量;然后,利用N-TD3算法和获得的链路容量设计任务卸载策略。仿真结果表明,基于U-DDQN和N-TD3的抗干扰通信策略显著提高了UAV链路容量,同时基于该链路容量和N-TD3算法设计的计算卸载策略降低了UAV任务处理时延,故所提通算联合设计满足UAV联盟网络的通信能力需求。

基于UIF-MPC仿真的UAV环航姿态控制研究

为解决无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)在算法结构冗杂和未知外部干扰的环境下控制系统操作难度大的问题,提出一种基于UIF-MPC融合的自适应全局快速终端滑模控制方法。考虑到在环境复杂、时间敏感及通信受限条件下给出UAV姿态运动观测模型;提出一种多控制变量交互的UIF-MPC融合滤波姿态算法,利用滤波器和PID控制器对模型不确定性和未知干扰进行补偿;根据UAV性能及饱和控制条件设定姿态设定控制参数并设定目标位置估计均方根误差,带入UIF-MPC模型并与传统单UIF模型进行比较。结果表明UIF-MPC融合模型可以较好融合系统需求,且在运动过程中具有较好的估计精度及机动控制的鲁棒性。

基于KNN神经网络的无人机作业操控系统研究

为进一步提升我国农业植保无人机的精准作业效率,针对其操控系统展开优化研究。选定KNN神经网络算法为执行理念,以无人机作业控制原理为基础,搭建正确的过程参数动态计算模型,进行操控系统的算法实现与调控配置,并展开基于KNN神经网络的无人机喷施作业试验。试验结果表明:KNN神经网络算法下的无人机操控系统运行稳定,过程参数的分类准确率相对提高了8.00%,目标喷施流量与试验喷施流量的偏差率相对降低了5.71%,农药喷施均匀度可提升至94.75%,整机作业综合效率明显提升。此设计理念以计算机智能数据处理为出发点,对无人机的高效率全面发挥有一定的推动作用,可用于类似智能农机装备的控制系统改进与开发,具有一定的参考价值。

军用微轻型无人机操控训练综述

无人机作为一种新型作战力量,具有机动性能高、制造成本低、作战损耗小等优势。近年来,随着无人机在情报侦察、通讯中继、精准打击、蜂群作战方面的应用,在信息化战场上发挥了重要作用。论文就当前部队常用的微轻型无人机类型特点,结合可实现的功能和参训对象的特点,对无人机操控训练科目设置进行分析,指出需要注意的问题。

小型四旋翼无人机姿态控制研究

针对小型无人机无法搭载高精度、体积大的传感器,从而无法获得高精度姿态信息的问题,基于STM32单片机的无人机结构和飞行姿态控制原理,采用MPU6050姿态信息采集模块运动处理单元DMP进行姿态解算,并应用卡尔曼滤波技术提升了姿态数据的准确性。为了更好地选择控制算法,分别使用串级PID控制方法、滑模控制算法和LQR控制算法进行仿真实验。结果表明,将滤波算法与控制算法相结合可以使小型四旋翼无人机具备更出色的操纵性能及更好的稳定性,双闭环结构串级PID控制方法可在3 s内使无人机稳定,具有更好的稳态特性和抗干扰特性。

无人机集群协同控制技术综述

协同控制技术作为多智能体分工合作完成任务的关键核心技术,能解决无人机集群编队、队形重构和避障避碰等问题,是无人机集群正常运作的基础。针对近几年国内外无人机集群协同控制技术的发展历程,概述3种控制结构原理及其优缺点;分析了基于3种控制结构的编队控制方法及其优缺点;从无人机集群协同编队控制技术出发,分析基于编队控制的避障方法;指出了现阶段无人机集群协同控制技术面临的瓶颈问题,并对协同控制技术的未来发展方向进行了展望,为无人机集群编队控制和避障方法研究提供一定的借鉴。

事件触发的时滞二阶多UAV系统一致性控制

研究具有固定输入时滞的二阶多无人机系统在事件触发下进行不完全随机采样,并达到一致性控制的问题。提出一种阈值依赖于多无人机系统事件触发时刻和初始状态的事件触发机制,并给出在此事件触发机制下具有固定输入时滞二阶多无人机系统的分布式控制策略。当无人机自身状态变化量满足触发条件时,无人机间进行信息交互,控制器根据此次事件触发的采样状态值进行控制输入更新。通过理论推理证明一致性控制的结论。最后,通过仿真验证了算法的有效性。

基于模糊增益滑模四旋翼无人机自适应容错控制

针对四旋翼无人机执行器故障下的轨迹跟踪问题,提出一种基于模糊增益滑模的自适应容错控制方法.首先,针对直接控制通道利用自适应机构在线估计执行器故障并加以补偿,采用基于模糊增益的滑模控制器设计可调控制器以满足鲁棒性要求.针对间接驱动通道设计基于模糊增益的滑模控制器,从而实现无人机全通道的容错控制设计,该方法具有良好的容错能力的同时,能很好地抑制系统颤振,获得平滑的控制信号.最后,对四旋翼无人机在不同控制器下的轨迹追踪性能进行了对比仿真,结果表明,系统在故障以及扰动下具有良好的飞行性能.

基于自适应RBF神经网络具有模型不确定性的四旋翼无人机指定时间预设性能控制方法

四旋翼无人机具有强耦合和欠驱动的特点,在飞行过程中很容易受到外界干扰,进而影响整个无人机系统的稳定性和精度。为此,提出了一种基于RBF神经网络的指定时间预设性能约束控制策略。首先,针对四旋翼无人机的不确定数学模型难以精确建立,并且在执行任务过程中存在外部未知扰动问题,提出了一种基于指定时间预设性能控制方法,将四旋翼无人机的轨迹跟踪问题转换为对位置子系统和姿态子系统的期望指令跟踪问题;其次,在设计控制器过程中,为了解决“微分爆炸”问题产生的滤波器误差,引入一种新型滤波误差补偿方法,通过RBF神经网络逼近外部未知扰动,并将预测结果补偿给控制器以提高轨迹跟踪的鲁棒性。最后,应用仿真模拟方法验证无人机控制系统稳定性和性能优势,通过飞行试验验证,微风聚拢环境下实际飞行轨迹与仿真模拟结果趋于一致,自主轨迹跟踪起降位置偏差小于1 cm,证明了所提出算法的有效性。

基于复合模糊PID的植保无人机变量喷雾系统设计

为提升现有植保无人机喷雾流量随飞行速度变化自适应调整的精准性,降低施药偏差,设计了一种基于复合模糊PID控制算法的植保无人机变量喷雾系统,可根据无人机飞行速度,以基于复合模糊PID控制算法的PWM调制实时调整喷雾流量。通过测试平台分别对比了此控制算法与PID、模糊PID的响应情况,并进行了无人机喷雾流量随飞行速度变化的响应测试。结果表明:基于复合模糊PID控制的系统响应较PID超调量降低63.64%,较模糊PID调节时间缩减23.08%,复合模糊PID与模糊PID的稳态误差控制在3.125%内,小于PID的4.688%;基于PID、模糊PID、复合模糊PID的喷雾系统喷雾流量平均偏差分别为2.67%、3.85%、1.90%;基于复合模糊PID算法的喷雾系统跟随飞速变化自适应调整喷雾流量的最大偏差为6.29%,满足植保无人机施药作业要求,可为农业航空精准变量喷雾系统设计提供参考。