Next-Generation(NextG)wireless communication networks with their widespread applications require high data rates,seamless connectivity and high quality of service(QoS).To cope up with an unprecedented rise of data hun...Next-Generation(NextG)wireless communication networks with their widespread applications require high data rates,seamless connectivity and high quality of service(QoS).To cope up with an unprecedented rise of data hungry applications,users demand more spectral resources imposing a limitation on available wireless spectrum.One of the potential solutions to address the spectrum scarce issue is to incorporate in band full duplex(IBFD)or full duplex(FD)paradigm in next generation networks including 5G new radio(NR).Recently,FD has gained the research interest in cellular networks for its potential to double the wireless link capacity and enhancing spectral efficiency(SE).In half duplex(HD)cellular networks,base stations(BSs)can either perform uplink(UL)or downlink(DL)transmission at a particular time instant leading to reduced throughput levels.Due to the advancement in the self interference reduction(SIR)techniques,full duplex base stations(FD-BSs)can be employed to allow simultaneous UL and DL transmissions at the same time–frequency resources as compared to its HD counterpart.It ideally achieves twice the throughput without any additional complexity at user-equipment(UE).This paper covers a detailed survey on FD cellular networks.A series of SIR approaches,UE-UE mitigation techniques are summarized.Various existing MAC protocols and antenna architectures for FD cellular networks are outlined.An overview of security aspects for FD in cellular networks is also presented.Lastly,various open issues and possible research directions are brought up for FD cellular networks.展开更多
A-GPS(Assisted Global Positioning System)是一种通过移动通信网络辅助的全球定位技术,此技术结合了两类位置信息,一类是移动台通过自身GPS接收机获得的,而另一类则是移动台通过移动通信网络获取的。A-GPS技术可以在2G,3G以及未来4G...A-GPS(Assisted Global Positioning System)是一种通过移动通信网络辅助的全球定位技术,此技术结合了两类位置信息,一类是移动台通过自身GPS接收机获得的,而另一类则是移动台通过移动通信网络获取的。A-GPS技术可以在2G,3G以及未来4G的通信网络中部署应用,移动终端应用A-GPS定位业务,需要增加A-GPS接收机及相应信号处理模块。A-GPS的终端一致性认证,即对于移动终端的A-GPS功能部分进行一致性验证,目前国际上采用的包含A-GPS一致性测试规范有3GPP51.010,3GPP34.171,3GPP34.123,3GPP2C.S0036,3GPP2C.S0059,OMA-ETS-SUPL等,本文对上述规范做了详细介绍。展开更多
Unified and extended splines(UE-splines), which unify and extend polynomial, trigonometric, and hyperbolic B-splines, inherit most properties of B-splines and have some advantages over B-splines. The interest of this ...Unified and extended splines(UE-splines), which unify and extend polynomial, trigonometric, and hyperbolic B-splines, inherit most properties of B-splines and have some advantages over B-splines. The interest of this paper is the degree elevation algorithm of UE-spline curves and its geometric meaning. Our main idea is to elevate the degree of UE-spline curves one knot interval by one knot interval. First, we construct a new class of basis functions, called bi-order UE-spline basis functions which are defined by the integral definition of splines.Then some important properties of bi-order UE-splines are given, especially for the transformation formulae of the basis functions before and after inserting a knot into the knot vector. Finally, we prove that the degree elevation of UE-spline curves can be interpreted as a process of corner cutting on the control polygons, just as in the manner of B-splines. This degree elevation algorithm possesses strong geometric intuition.展开更多
文摘Next-Generation(NextG)wireless communication networks with their widespread applications require high data rates,seamless connectivity and high quality of service(QoS).To cope up with an unprecedented rise of data hungry applications,users demand more spectral resources imposing a limitation on available wireless spectrum.One of the potential solutions to address the spectrum scarce issue is to incorporate in band full duplex(IBFD)or full duplex(FD)paradigm in next generation networks including 5G new radio(NR).Recently,FD has gained the research interest in cellular networks for its potential to double the wireless link capacity and enhancing spectral efficiency(SE).In half duplex(HD)cellular networks,base stations(BSs)can either perform uplink(UL)or downlink(DL)transmission at a particular time instant leading to reduced throughput levels.Due to the advancement in the self interference reduction(SIR)techniques,full duplex base stations(FD-BSs)can be employed to allow simultaneous UL and DL transmissions at the same time–frequency resources as compared to its HD counterpart.It ideally achieves twice the throughput without any additional complexity at user-equipment(UE).This paper covers a detailed survey on FD cellular networks.A series of SIR approaches,UE-UE mitigation techniques are summarized.Various existing MAC protocols and antenna architectures for FD cellular networks are outlined.An overview of security aspects for FD in cellular networks is also presented.Lastly,various open issues and possible research directions are brought up for FD cellular networks.
文摘A-GPS(Assisted Global Positioning System)是一种通过移动通信网络辅助的全球定位技术,此技术结合了两类位置信息,一类是移动台通过自身GPS接收机获得的,而另一类则是移动台通过移动通信网络获取的。A-GPS技术可以在2G,3G以及未来4G的通信网络中部署应用,移动终端应用A-GPS定位业务,需要增加A-GPS接收机及相应信号处理模块。A-GPS的终端一致性认证,即对于移动终端的A-GPS功能部分进行一致性验证,目前国际上采用的包含A-GPS一致性测试规范有3GPP51.010,3GPP34.171,3GPP34.123,3GPP2C.S0036,3GPP2C.S0059,OMA-ETS-SUPL等,本文对上述规范做了详细介绍。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.60933008 and 61272300)
文摘Unified and extended splines(UE-splines), which unify and extend polynomial, trigonometric, and hyperbolic B-splines, inherit most properties of B-splines and have some advantages over B-splines. The interest of this paper is the degree elevation algorithm of UE-spline curves and its geometric meaning. Our main idea is to elevate the degree of UE-spline curves one knot interval by one knot interval. First, we construct a new class of basis functions, called bi-order UE-spline basis functions which are defined by the integral definition of splines.Then some important properties of bi-order UE-splines are given, especially for the transformation formulae of the basis functions before and after inserting a knot into the knot vector. Finally, we prove that the degree elevation of UE-spline curves can be interpreted as a process of corner cutting on the control polygons, just as in the manner of B-splines. This degree elevation algorithm possesses strong geometric intuition.
