目的本研究探讨在超滤量不变的条件下,分时段适当地调整超滤率或结合可调钠低温血液透析(HD)对降低患者透析过程中低血压发生的作用。方法选择16例血液透析超滤量在体重5%~10%之间并在常规透析中经常发生低血压的患者,采用自身分组对照...目的本研究探讨在超滤量不变的条件下,分时段适当地调整超滤率或结合可调钠低温血液透析(HD)对降低患者透析过程中低血压发生的作用。方法选择16例血液透析超滤量在体重5%~10%之间并在常规透析中经常发生低血压的患者,采用自身分组对照,随机分为常规常温组和调整不同时段超滤率结合可调钠低温透析组,观察两种模式下按分时段发生的低血压统计分析,以及观察两组低血压发生率、超滤耐受情况。结果低血压多发生在3、4小时时段,常规常温组透析低血压发生率明显高于调整超滤率结合可调钠低温透析组。调整不同时段超滤率结合可调钠低温透析可以减少低血压的发生,超滤耐受更强。结论血液透析中超滤量过多是发生低血压的关键,在合理超滤量确定后,控制好不同时段的超滤量,结合可调钠低温透析可以大大降低 HD 中低血压的发生率。展开更多
The total disturbance estimated by the extended state observer(ESO)in active disturbance rejection controller(ADRC)is affected greatly by measurement noise when the control step is small in heading control of underwat...The total disturbance estimated by the extended state observer(ESO)in active disturbance rejection controller(ADRC)is affected greatly by measurement noise when the control step is small in heading control of underwater flight vehicles(UFVs).In order to prevent rudder from high-frequency chattering caused by measurement noise,a tracking-differentiator(TD)is integrated to the ESO to develop an improved ADRC scheme.The improved ADRC suppresses the impact of sensor noise.Both the results of simulations and tank tests show the effectiveness of improved ADRC based heading control.展开更多
文摘目的本研究探讨在超滤量不变的条件下,分时段适当地调整超滤率或结合可调钠低温血液透析(HD)对降低患者透析过程中低血压发生的作用。方法选择16例血液透析超滤量在体重5%~10%之间并在常规透析中经常发生低血压的患者,采用自身分组对照,随机分为常规常温组和调整不同时段超滤率结合可调钠低温透析组,观察两种模式下按分时段发生的低血压统计分析,以及观察两组低血压发生率、超滤耐受情况。结果低血压多发生在3、4小时时段,常规常温组透析低血压发生率明显高于调整超滤率结合可调钠低温透析组。调整不同时段超滤率结合可调钠低温透析可以减少低血压的发生,超滤耐受更强。结论血液透析中超滤量过多是发生低血压的关键,在合理超滤量确定后,控制好不同时段的超滤量,结合可调钠低温透析可以大大降低 HD 中低血压的发生率。
文摘The total disturbance estimated by the extended state observer(ESO)in active disturbance rejection controller(ADRC)is affected greatly by measurement noise when the control step is small in heading control of underwater flight vehicles(UFVs).In order to prevent rudder from high-frequency chattering caused by measurement noise,a tracking-differentiator(TD)is integrated to the ESO to develop an improved ADRC scheme.The improved ADRC suppresses the impact of sensor noise.Both the results of simulations and tank tests show the effectiveness of improved ADRC based heading control.