A review of ethnobotanical studies reveals over 500 medicinal plants in Mindanao,Philippines

Medicinal plants have long been used to treat various diseases in both indigenous and non-indigenous populations of Mindanao,Philippines.Here,we extracted data from ethnobotanical studies to compile a comprehensive list of these medicinal plants and identify how and for what purpose they are most commonly used.We identified 530 verified medicinal plant species across 372 genera in 118 families.The two most frequently cited species were Euphorbia hirta and Psidium guajava.The most represented family was Fabaceae and the most represented genus was Ficus.A total of 28 medicinal plant species are designated as threatened at the national or global level;of these,11 are endemic to the Philippines.Medicinal plant preparations most commonly use leaves for oral administration to treat various diseases such as digestive issues,including diarrhea.This study underscores the need for further ethnobotanical investigations,particularly in areas lacking records.It also emphasizes the need for conservation of threatened and endemic medicinal plants to ensure sustainable utilization of this valuable resource.

Technical efficiency of cocoa farms at varying elevation levels in Davao City, Philippines: implications to sustainable upland farming systems

Elevation is one of many components that influence agriculture, and this in turn affects the level of both inputs and outputs of farmers. This article focuses on the productivity and technical efficiency of 100 cocoa farms using cross-sectional data from areas ranging from 190 to 1021 m above sea level which were classified as low, medium, and high elevation in Davao City, considered as the chocolate capital of the Philippines. Using stochastic frontier analysis, the results showed that the cost of inputs per ha and the number of cocoa trees per ha significantly increase yield. Farms at high elevations were less technically efficient, as this entails lower temperatures and increased rainfall, and cocoa farming in those areas and conditions can be more challenging, especially with changes in farming practices, terrain, and distance to markets. Other significant variables were age of cocoa farms, married farmers, and age of the farmers. Older farms may be more developed, farmers who are married benefit from their spouses being able to readily contribute as farm labor, and lastly, older farmers' inefficiency may likely stem from nonadaptation of newer farming practices. With an average technical efficiency of 0.61, 0.63, and 0.26 in low, medium, and high elevation areas, respectively, farmers therefore have an incentive to improve farm practices and consider topographical variations found in high elevation areas. Recommendations for the improvement of technical efficiency of cocoa farms are better connectivity to markets, enhancing farm practices, and continuation and improvement of government programs on cocoa with an added emphasis on research. For farmers in high elevation areas, mitigating solutions such as sustainable agriculture practices and ecolabelling are key to improving efficiency and minimizing the potential negative impact on upland farming systems. Moreover, such adaptation measures may also contribute to sustainability of cocoa farming in high elevation areas.

Caulerpa J. V. Lamouroux (1809) (Chlorophyta: Bryopsidales) Species and Sites in Eastern Samar, Central Philippines

A descriptive survey was conducted in Eastern Samar to identify the Caulerpa species, sites where these species exhibit massive populations, and the most preferred edible species. Results revealed that only four of the eleven species, C. racemosa, C. lentillifera, C. chemnitzia var. peltata, and C. cylindracea, have massive populations;The four Caulerpa sites are the municipalities of Arteche, Guiuan, Salcedo (Matarinao Bay) and Quinapondan, and species C. racemosa, C. lentillifera, and C. chemnitzia var. peltata are most preferred edible species which are considered in the local diet. The study concludes that the distribution of Caulerpa in Eastern Samar is area-specific and should therefore be considered in resource planning and management, particularly in relation to aquaculture.

An Energy Trading Method Based on Alliance Blockchain and Multi-Signature

Blockchain,known for its secure encrypted ledger,has garnered attention in financial and data transfer realms,including the field of energy trading.However,the decentralized nature and identity anonymity of user nodes raise uncertainties in energy transactions.The broadcast consensus authentication slows transaction speeds,and frequent single-point transactions in multi-node settings pose key exposure risks without protective measures during user signing.To address these,an alliance blockchain scheme is proposed,reducing the resource-intensive identity verification among nodes.It integrates multi-signature functionality to fortify user resources and transac-tion security.A novel multi-signature process within this framework involves neutral nodes established through central nodes.These neutral nodes participate in multi-signature’s signing and verification,ensuring user identity and transaction content privacy.Reducing interactions among user nodes enhances transaction efficiency by minimizing communication overhead during verification and consensus stages.Rigorous assessments on reliability and operational speed highlight superior security performance,resilient against conventional attack vectors.Simulation shows that compared to traditional solutions,this scheme has advantages in terms of running speed.In conclusion,the alliance blockchain framework introduces a novel approach to tackle blockchain’s limitations in energy transactions.The integrated multi-signature process,involving neutral nodes,significantly enhances security and privacy.The scheme’s efficiency,validated through analytical assessments and simulations,indicates robustness against security threats and improved transactional speeds.This research underscores the potential for improved security and efficiency in blockchain-enabled energy trading systems.

Research on Alliance Decision of Dual-Channel Remanufacturing Supply Chain Considering Bidirectional Free-Riding and Cost-Sharing

This study delves into the formation dynamics of alliances within a closed-loop supply chain(CLSC)that encom-passes a manufacturer,a retailer,and an e-commerce platform.It leverages Stackelberg game for this exploration,contrasting the equilibrium outcomes of a non-alliance model with those of three differentiated alliance models.The non-alliance model acts as a crucial benchmark,enabling the evaluation of the motivations for various supply chain entities to engage in alliance formations.Our analysis is centered on identifying the most effective alliance strategies and establishing a coordination within these partnerships.We thoroughly investigate the consequences of diverse alliance behaviors,bidirectional free-riding and cost-sharing,and the resultant effects on the optimal decision-making among supply chain actors.The findings underscore several pivotal insights:(1)The behavior of alliances within the supply chain exerts variable impacts on the optimal pricing and demand of its members.In comparison to the non-alliance(D)model,the manufacturer-retailer(MR)and manufacturer-e-commerce platform(ME)alliances significantly lower both offline and online resale prices for new and remanufactured goods.This adjustment leads to an enhanced demand for products via the MR alliance’s offline outlets and the ME alliance’s online platforms,thereby augmenting the profits for those within the alliance.Conversely,retailer-e-commerce platform(ER)alliance tends to increase the optimal retail price and demand across both online and offline channels.Under specific conditions,alliance behavior can also increase the profits of non-alliance members,and the profits derived through alliance channels also exceed those from non-alliance channels.(2)The prevalence of bidirectional free-riding behavior largely remains constant across different alliance configurations.Across these models,bidirectional free-riding typically elevates the equilibrium prices in offline channel while negatively affecting the equilibrium prices in other channel.(3)The effect of cost-sharing shows relative uniformity across the various alliance models.Across all configurations,cost-sharing tends to reduce the manufacturer’s profits.Nonetheless,alliances initiated by the manufacturer can counteract these negative impacts,providing a strategic pathway to bolster CLSC profitability.

Japan’s Quasi-Alliance Strategy:Motivations,Practices and Constraints

The quasi-alliance strategy is part of the national security strategy and lies in the grey area between alliance and neutrality.1 In recent years,major countries,including Japan,have positioned quasi-alliance as a feasible unwritten option in their respective national security strategies.2 Japan’s quasialliance strategy was already in its infancy when former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe first came to power in September 2006 but was put on hold after his resignation in September 2007.

Evolution of United States Technology Alliance Strategy and Reshaping of International Strategic Landscape

Building a technology alliance is the main strategy for the United States to maintain its scientific and technological hegemony under its technopolitical strategic framework.After Joe Biden took office,the United States implemented“small yard with high fences”strategy for scientific and technological competition,as the first step toward building a technology alliance.The main goal is to restrict the flow of strategic emerging technologies and factors of innovation to rival countries.

The World Digital Education Alliance Officially Founded

Themed"Digital Education:Application,Sharing,and Innovation",the 2024 World Digital Education Conference opened in Shanghai on January 3Oth.Secretary of CPC Shanghai Municipal Committee Chen Jining,Vice-Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of China Cai Dafeng,and President of the 42nd session of the UNESCO General Conference Simona-Mirela Miculescu attended the opening ceremony and delivered speeches.

Research on Operation Optimization of Energy Storage Power Station and Integrated Energy Microgrid Alliance Based on Stackelberg Game

With the development of renewable energy technologies such as photovoltaics and wind power,it has become a research hotspot to improve the consumption rate of new energy and reduce energy costs through the deployment of energy storage.To solve the problem of the interests of different subjects in the operation of the energy storage power stations(ESS)and the integrated energy multi-microgrid alliance(IEMA),this paper proposes the optimization operation method of the energy storage power station and the IEMA based on the Stackelberg game.In the upper layer,ESS optimizes charging and discharging decisions through a dynamic pricing mechanism.In the lower layer,IEMA optimizes the output of various energy conversion coupled devices within the IEMA,as well as energy interaction and demand response(DR),based on the energy interaction prices provided by ESS.The results demonstrate that the optimization strategy proposed in this paper not only effectively balances the benefits of the IEMA and ESS but also enhances energy consumption rates and reduces IEMA energy costs.

Hubei Association Standardization Development Alliance set up

To implement the National Standardization Development Outline and Hubei’s relevant supporting policies,the launching ceremony of Hubei Association Standardization Development Alliance was held in Wuhan,Hubei province on June 28,which was hosted by Hubei Institute of Standardization and Quality,and jointly held by Optics Valley of China and Hubei Optics Valley Standard Innovate Technology Co.,Ltd.The alliance was initiated by 94 units in Hubei,including research institutions,enterprises,industrial associations,and universities.The ceremony was attended by Yu Xinli,President of China Association for Standardization,Pan Niansong,Director-General of Hubei Medical Products Administration,Xu Qinxiang,Head of Standardization Division of Hubei Administration for Market Regulation,and representatives from members of the alliance.

Resurgence of dengue in the Philippines

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has significantly influenced the epidemiological landscape of various infectious diseases such as dengue.Dengue is an endemic disease in the Philippines,which showed a significant de-cline in the number of cases beginning in March 2020 due to the stringent public health measures implemented to curb COVID-19 cases.However,the easing of these restrictions subsequently led to a resurgence in dengue cases,as reported by the World Health Organization,with a notable increase compared to previous years.As the country navigates towards a post-pandemic phase,addressing the resurgence of dengue requires sustained efforts in vector control,surveillance,and healthcare preparedness.This article underscores the critical need for collab-orative efforts among stakeholders to mitigate the resurgence of dengue while managing the ongoing recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.

A Study on the Structural Contradictions in the US-Turkey Alliance Relations

After the Cold War and especially since the Justice and Development Party administration led by Erdogan,the US-Turkey alliance relations have declined.The two countries have sharp structural contradictions on a series of issues.Due to the profound geopolitical landscape changes,the interdependence on security and defense between the United States and Turkey has been severely weakened,leading to significant divergence in threat definition and pursuit of interests.Turkey has continuously enhanced its diplomatic autonomy,seeking to change its weak position in the original alliance relations,and striving to become a regional leader.These structural contradictions inevitably trigger the hedging of policies and interests between the United States and Turkey.

ALLIANCE自动分析仪测定烟草及制品中的挥发碱

法国ALLIANCE自动分析仪的挥发碱通道可测定烟草及制品中的挥发碱 ,该仪器性能稳定 ,能快速简便、大批量地测定烟草及其制品中的挥发碱 ,其测定结果与经典的蒸馏法比较 ,仪器的精密度和准确度均能达到分析要求 ,符合新国标的检测标准 ,结果满意 .

Antecedents and performance consequences of governance structures in R&D alliances

Traditionally governance structures are classified into ＂hierarchy or market＂ or ＂equity or non-equity.＂ However,such classifications may not be effective in characterizing all governance structures of research and development（R D） alliances.Therefore,the first objective of this study is to investigate why there exist different organizational governance structures in managing R D alliances;the second objective of this study is to give strategic advice in choosing appropriate forms with respect to various characteristics of R D alliances.Through the theoretical lens that integrate both transaction cost economics（TCE） and the resource-based view（RBV）,a model that focuses on six major factors is developed for determining governance structure choices,namely,technological uncertainty,cultural difference,asset specificity,technology complementarity,appropriability of the individual firm＇s know-how,and trust.An R D alliance with higher technological uncertainty,larger cultural differences,and greater concerns for protecting an individual＇s know-how is more likely to adopt non-integrated alliances as the governing structure.An R D alliance with a higher degree of asset-specificity,greater technology complementarity and greater trust among partnering organizations is more likely to adopt integrated alliances as the governing structure;an R D alliance in the face of lower technological uncertainty will tend to adopt integrated alliances.The more aligned the choice of the governance structure with its determinants,the better the R D alliance will perform,and vice versa.

Alliance^(TM)HPLC系统在生物化学分析中的应用

生物化学分析研究工作的深入开展,对HPLC(高效液相色谱)仪器的系统性能,如灵敏度、准确度、可靠性,特别是重现性提出更加苛刻的要求。Waters公司研制的新一代HPLC系统——Alliance HPLC系统将 HPLC分析的重现性提高到了前所未有的新水平,为生物化学分析工作者完成复杂的生物分析任务提供了一件利器。

浅谈武汉Alliance的法语教学与文化教学

Résumé : la langue est porteuse de culture, la langue est imprégnée de différentes informations culturelles. Comprendre et bien matriser une langue, c′est d′abord posséder assez deconnaissances sur cette culture. Par conséquent, l′apprentissage d′une langue ne doit absolument pas négliger l′apprentissage de la culture dont elle est issue. ? l′Alliance franaise, l′enseignement et l′apprentissage de la langue doivent se marier avec ceux de la culture.

可用于微机上的VLSI设计软件—Alliance

本篇文章介绍了一种超大规模集成电路设计软件—AllianceVLSICADSystem通常设计超大规模集成电路必须有昂贵的软件诸如Cadence ,Synopsys,MentorGraphics ,而且要在高性能的工作站上才能完成。然而Alliance不仅能成功的运用于微机上而且可以从互连网上免费下载因此Alliance这套软件给高等院校的学生学习集成电路的设计提供了许多低廉、有效的工具。我们将告诉读者如何在微机上安装Alliance 。

蓬勃发展的Wi-Fi力量——访Wi-Fi Alliance技术总监Greg Ennis先生

由于Wi—Fi的频段在世界范围内是无需任何电信运营执照的免费频段，因此WLAN无线设备提供了一个世界范围内费用极其低廉且数据带宽极高的无线空中接口。根据In—Stat公司的市场预测报告，到2015年全球Wi—Fi市场将达到每年19亿个设备的水平。

Ti3：Alliance上演“北欧神话”

2013年美国西雅图当地时间8月12日22点左右，在中国最有名的国外DotA2选手——Na’Vi的Dendi和本刊记者坐在Ti3现场一个安静的小角落。这时候的Dendi面无表情，和平时他比起来完全换了一个人，回答记者问题时第一次那么简单。说着说着，Dendi开始哽咽，因为在喧嚣过后，安静的环境让他又回到了30分钟前的决赛，那是一场绝对经典的比赛，但却也是Dendi永远的遗憾，他们的对手Alliance正面已经和他们毫无一战之力，但Na＇Vi的一次失误却将冠军拱手送给了Alliance。

井下油水分离器在Alliance油田的应用

油田开发后期的油井高含水,会造成油井减产、采油费用上升和环境污染。为此,加拿大工程研究中心研制成功了一系列可用于有杆泵、螺杆泵、电潜泵的井下油水分离器,并已将电泵井井下油水分离系统在Alliance油田投入矿场应用。使用结果表明,采用它可使油井增产原油、降低采水和水处理费用,并可保护生态环境。