One-step quantum dialogue

Quantum dialogue(QD)enables two communication parties to directly exchange secret messages simultaneously.In conventional QD protocols,photons need to transmit in the quantum channel for two rounds.In this paper,we propose a one-step QD protocol based on the hyperentanglement.With the help of the non-local hyperentanglement-assisted Bell state measurement(BSM),the photons only need to transmit in the quantum channel once.We prove that our one-step QD protocol is secure in theory and numerically simulate its secret message capacity under practical experimental condition.Compared with previous QD protocols,the one-step QD protocol can effectively simplify the experiment operations and reduce the message loss caused by the photon transmission loss.Meanwhile,the non-local hyperentanglement-assisted BSM has a success probability of 100%and is feasible with linear optical elements.Moreover,combined with the hyperentanglement heralded amplification and purification,our protocol is possible to realize long-distance one-step QD.

The"Decoding Zhonghua"International Conference on Dialogue among Civilisations Held in Beijing

The"Decoding Zhonghua"International Conference on Dialogue among Civilisations,hosted by China International Public Relations Association,China Ethnic News and Academy of Contemporary China and World Studies was held in Beijing on January 17th.With the theme"Pursing Harmonious Coexistence of Civilisations through Dialogue".

An Appraisal of the Major National Dialogue as a Panacea to the Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon

This paper explores the Major National Dialogue organised by Paul Biya from the 30th of September to the 4th of October,2019 as a panacea to the Anglophone.The paper also seeks to find out if this dialogue has been the panacea Cameroonians as a whole and the people of Southern Cameroons in particular have been waiting for to end this conflict.This research uses a qualitative research design.This is because the researcher culled information from Jeune Afrique Economie(2019a),Cameroon Tribune,and from Phoenix.Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the collected data.Descriptive analysis is used to get the views of the public whether the Major National Dialogue was really a panacea to the Anglophone crisis.The analysis revealed that there were two opposing opinions on the holding of this dialogue.The government thinks the dialogue was a panacea to put an end to this crisis because there is ongoing construction work in the war zones,and economic activities have witnessed an increase in the regions as the various production units of the Cameroon Development Corporation(CDC)and Pamol plantations have regained agricultural activities.The Ndawara tea estate now functions without problems.Trans-border trade is on the rise and transportation is fluid,except in the rural areas where the state of the road network is poor to name but these.On the other hand,politicians,political parties like the Social Democratic Front,activists,religious leaders,the affected populations,and Cameroonians at large think that the Major National Dialogue was a monologue and therefore was bound to fail because first,key actors arrested and detained in connection to this crisis were not part of this dialogue.For this reason,they are calling for a genuine and an inclusive dialogue.In addition,they argue that we cannot be talking of peace when fighting is still raging on and people are being killed,houses and schools are being burnt,and people are being kidnapped every day for ransom to mention but these.

The Auxiliary Role of Large Language Models in Clinical Dialogues

In recent years,large language models(LLMs)have made significant progress in natural language processing(NLP).These models not only perform well in a variety of language tasks but also show great potential in the medical field.This paper aims to explore the application of LLMs in clinical dialogues,analyzing their role in improving the efficiency of doctor-patient communication,aiding in diagnosis and treatment,and providing emotional support.The paper also discusses the challenges and limitations of the model in terms of privacy protection,ethical issues,and practical applications.Through comprehensive analysis,we conclude that applying LLMs in clinical dialogues is promising.However,it requires careful consideration and caution by practitioners in practice.

CIIS Holds the 20th China-US Young Scholars’Dialogue

From November 7 to 10,the China Institute of International Studies(CIIS)held the 20th China-US Yong Scholars’Dialogue,with the theme of“Finding the Right Way for China and the US to Get Along in the New Era:Opportunities and Challenges.”CIIS President Chen Bo delivered the opening remarks,and Vice President Liu Qing delivered the closing speech.

The 3rd Policy Dialogue on China-US Relations Held in Beijing

From October 31st to November 1st,2023,the China Friendship Promotion Association held the 3rd Policy Dialogue on China-US Relations in Beijing with the theme of"Moving Beyond Differences:Crisis Management and Pragmatic Cooperation".

CHINA’S PEACE PROPOSALS THROUGH GSI INSPIRES THE WORLD The GSI advocates that all countries should foster the new type of security that features dialogue,partnership and win-win cooperation

s the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict entered its second year,China unveiled the Global Security Initiative(GSI)Concept Paper at the Lanting Forum in Beijing,advocating the principle of resolving disputes through dialogue and rejecting power politics.The Russia-Ukraine conflict has caused a great loss of lives and property on both sides,disrupted the world economy and put rifts in international relations.Being a positive force for world peace,China said that it was“deeply concerned”about the current armed conflict.

Muslim Confucian Philosophy:Islamic-Confucian Dialogue and the Integration of Civilizations

At the end of the Ming Dynasty and at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,a new theory of learning was created-Muslim Confucian Study(Chinese Islamic Philosophy)-on the basis of Islamic philosophy and under the influence of Confucianism.Wang Daiyu(1570-1660)and Liu Zhi(1660-1739)were two great Huiru(Muslim Confucian)scholars at that time.They published Zhengjiao zhenquan(The real commentary on the tire teaching),Tianfang xingli(Nature and principle in Islam)major books.Their approach is distinguished from that of other Muslim scholars in that they addressed the basic articles of Islamic thought with Confucian terminology and categories.The study deals with the Islamic worldview,and with the practices that make it possible for people to bring themselves into conformity with that worldview.However,the teaching of the Muslim Confucian was continuous with those of Mainstream Islam.In my research,I attempted to answer two questions:(a)How did Muslim Confucian Study Inherit the Mainstream Islamic Thought?(b)What is the value and contribution of the World Islamic philology and civilization?

On the Translation of Hybridity in the Chinese Version of Saving Fish from Drowning in the Light of Bakhtin's Theory of Dialogue

In translation, hybridity often poses a big challenge to the translator, especially when the hybrid text is a novel. The au-thor of this paper hopes to contribute to the study of the translation of hybridity in English novels by drawing on Bakhtin's theory ofdialogue. By analyzing the translation of linguistic hybridity in Saving Fish from Drowning, the author of this paper finds that thetranslation by Caiju is not good enough and tries to provide a new direction by virtue of which translators can choose right transla-tion strategies.

An Evaluation of "Dialogue Completion" in English Testing

To evaluate the validity of "dialogue completion" item in the language testing, this article explores three contradictions by analyzing aspects of its characters, content, validity and reliability. The finding is that "dialogue completion" patten has unpredicted answer and should be avoided in the testing as much as possible.

Pragmatic Analysis of the Dialogues in the Film The Great Gatsby

The Great Gatsby,is well acknowledged as Francis Scott Fitzgerald's masterpiece.It is so popular that it has been made into films for five times.This paper is trying to analysis the dialogues in the latest film version of it from the pragmatic perspective based on Grice 's conversational implicature,cooperative principle and Leech's politeness principle.

Secure quantum dialogue based on single-photon

In this paper a quantum dialogue scheme is proposed by using N batches of single photons. The same secret message is encoded on each batch of single photons by the sender with two different unitary operations, and then the N batches of single photons are sent to the receiver. After eavesdropping check, the message is encoded on the one remaining batch by the receiver. It is shown that the intercept-and-resend attack and coupling auxiliary modes attack can be resisted more efficiently, because the photons are sent only once in our quantum dialogue scheme.

Fault tolerant controlled quantum dialogue against collective noise

Quantum system is inevitably affected by the external environment in the real world.Two controlled quantum dialogue protocols are put forward based on logicalχ-type states under collective noise environment.One is against collectivedephasing noise,while the other is against collective-rotation noise.Compared with existing protocols,there exist several outstanding advantages in our proposed protocols:Firstly,theχ-type state is utilized as quantum channels,it possesses better entanglement properties than GHZ state,W state as well as cluster state,which make it difficult to be destroyed by local operations.Secondly,two kinds of logicalχ-type states are constructed by us in theory,which can be perfectly immune to the effects of collective noise.Thirdly,the controller can be offline after quantum distribution and permission announcement,without waiting for all the participants to complete the information coding.Fourthly,the security analysis illuminates that our protocols can not only be free from the information leakage,but also resist against the interceptand-resend attack,the entanglement-and-measure attack,the modification attack,the conspiring attack,and especially the dishonest controller’s attacks.

Quantum Dialogue Protocol Using a Class of Three-Photon W States

A theoretical protocol of quantum dialogue is proposed,which uses a class of three-photon W states asquantum channel.After two-step security check,four-bit secret message can be transmitted to each other by transmittingof single photon with the aid of two-bit classical information.

Controlled Secure Quantum Dialogue Using a Pure Entangled GHZ States

We present a controlled secure quantum dialogue protocol using a non-maximally （pure） entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeibinger （GHZ） states at first, and then discuss the requirements for a real quantum dialogue. We show that the authorized two users can exchange their secret messages after purifying the non-maximally entangled GHZ states quantum channel unconditionally securely and simultaneously under the control of a third party.

Modulators affecting the immune dialogue between human immune and colon cancer cells

The link between chronic inflammation and colorectal cancer has been well established. The events proceeding along tumorigenesis are complicated and involve cells activated at the cancer microenvironment, tumor infiltrating polymorphonuclears, immune cells including lymphocyte subtypes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC), as well as tumor-associated macrophages. The immune cells generate inflammatory cytokines, several of them playing a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Additional factors, such as gene expression regulated by cytokines, assembling of tumor growth- and transforming factors, accelerated angiogenesis, delayed apoptosis, contribute all to initiation, development and migration of tumor cells. Oxygen radical species originating from the inflammatory area promote cell mutation and cancer proliferation. Tumor cells may over-express pro-inflammatory mediators that in turn activate immune cells for inflammatory cytokines production. Consequently, an immune dialogue emerges between immune and cancer cells orchestrated through a number of activated molecular pathways. Cytokines, encompassing migration inhibitory factor, transforming growth factor beta 1, tumor necrosisfactor-α, Interleukin(IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23 have been reported to be involved in human cancer development. Some cytokines, namely IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-22 and growth factors promote tumor development and metastasis, and inhibit apoptosis via activation of signal transducer activator transcription-3 transcription factor. Colon cancer environment comprises mesenchymal, endothelial and immune cells. Assessment of the interaction between components in the tumor environment and malignant cells requires a reconsideration of a few topics elucidating the role of chronic inflammation in carcinogenesis, the function of the immune cells expressed by inflammatory cytokine production, the immunomodulation of cancer cells and the existence of a cross-talk between immune and malignant cells leading to a balance in cytokine production. It is conceivable that the prevalence of anti-inflammatory cytokine production by PBMC in the affected colonic mucosa will contribute to the delay, or even to halt down malignant expansion. Targeting the interplay between immune and cancer cells by mediators capable to alter cytokine secretion toward increased anti-inflammatory cytokine release by PBMC and tumor associated macrophages, may serve as an additional strategy for treatment of malignant diseases. This review will focus on the inflammatory events preceding tumorigenesis in general, and on a number of modulators capable to affect colon cancer cell-induced production of inflammatory cytokines by PBMC through alteration of the immune crosstalk between PBMC and cancer cells.

Using LSA and text segmentation to improve automatic Chinese dialogue text summarization

Automatic Chinese text summarization for dialogue style is a relatively new research area. In this paper, Latent Semantic Analysis （LSA） is first used to extract semantic knowledge from a given document, all question paragraphs are identified, an automatic text segmentation approach analogous to Text＇filing is exploited to improve the precision of correlating question paragraphs and answer paragraphs, and finally some ＂important＂ sentences are extracted from the generic content and the question-answer pairs to generate a complete summary. Experimental results showed that our approach is highly efficient and improves significantly the coherence of the summary while not compromising informativeness.

Quantum Dialogue by Using Non-Symmetric Quantum Channel

A protocol for quantum dialogue is proposed to exchange directly the communicator＇s secret messages by using a three-dimensional Bell state and a two-dimensional Bell state as quantum channel with quantum superdence coding, local collective unitary operations, and entanglement swapping. In this protocol, during the process of trans- mission of particles, the transmitted particles do not carry any secret messages and are transmitted only one time. The protocol has higher source capacity than protocols using symmetric two-dimensional states. The security is ensured by the unitary operations randomly performed on all checking groups before the particle sequence is transmitted and the application of entanglement swapping.

Number Entities Recognition in Multiple Rounds of Dialogue Systems

As a representative technique in natural language processing(NLP),named entity recognition is used in many tasks,such as dialogue systems,machine translation and information extraction.In dialogue systems,there is a common case for named entity recognition,where a lot of entities are composed of numbers,and are segmented to be located in different places.For example,in multiple rounds of dialogue systems,a phone number is likely to be divided into several parts,because the phone number is usually long and is emphasized.In this paper,the entity consisting of numbers is named as number entity.The discontinuous positions of number entities result from many reasons.We find two reasons from real-world dialogue systems.The first reason is the repetitive confirmation of different components of a number entity,and the second reason is the interception of mood words.The extraction of number entities is quite useful in many tasks,such as user information completion and service requests correction.However,the existing entity extraction methods cannot extract entities consisting of discontinuous entity blocks.To address these problems,in this paper,we propose a comprehensive method for number entity recognition,which is capable of extracting number entities in multiple rounds of dialogues systems.We conduct extensive experiments on a real-world dataset,and the experimental results demonstrate the high performance of our method.

Recent Advances on Human-Computer Dialogue

Human-Computer dialogue systems provide a natural language based interface between human and computers. They are widely demanded in network information services, intelligent accompanying robots, and so on. A Human-Computer dialogue system typically consists of three parts, namely Natural Language Understanding （NLU）, Dialogue Management （DM） and Natural Language Generation （NLG）. Each part has several different subtasks. Each subtask has been received lots of attentions, many improvements have been achieved on each subtask, respectively. But systems built in traditional pipeline way, where different subtasks are assembled sequently, suffered from some problems such as error accu- mulation and expanding, domain transferring. Therefore, researches on jointly modeling several subtasks in one part or cross different parts have been prompted greatly in recent years, especially the rapid developments on deep neural networks based joint models. There is even a few work aiming to integrate all subtasks of a dialogue system in a single model, namely end-to-end models. This paper introduces two basic frames of current dialogue systems and gives a brief survey on recent advances on variety subtasks at first, and then focuses on joint models for multiple subtasks of dialogues. We review several different joint models including integration of several subtasks inside NLU or NLG, jointly modeling cross NLG and DM, and jointly modeling through NLU, DM and NLG. Both advantages and problems of those joint models are discussed. We consider that the joint models, or end-to-end models, will be one important trend for developing Human-Computer dialogue systems.