Study on superoxide and hydroxyl radicals generated in indirect electrochemical oxidation by chemiluminescence and UV-Visible spectra

The generation and transformation of radicals on the cathode of indirect electrochemical oxidation were studied by chemilumines- cence(CL)and UV-Visible spectra in the reactor with a salt bridge that connected the separated chambers.The CL intensity of 4×10^(-9)mol/L luminol on the cathode with bubbling oxygen was about seven times that of the intensity without it,which was because of the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).The existence of ROS,especially the generation of the superoxide radical,coul...

UV–visible spectral characterization and density functional theory simulation analysis on laser-induced crystallization of amorphous silicon thin films

The effect of laser energy density on the crystallization of hydrogenated intrinsic amorphous silicon （a-Si：H） thin films was studied both theoretically and experimentally. The thin films were irritated by a frequency-doubled （λ= 532 nm） Nd：YAG pulsed nanosecond laser. An effective density functional theory model was built to reveal the variation of bandgap energy influenced by thermal stress after laser irradiation. Experimental results establish correlation between the thermal stress and the shift of transverse optical peak in Raman spectroscopy and suggest that the relatively greater shift of the transverse optical （TO） peak can produce higher stress. The highest crystalline fraction （84.5%） is obtained in the optimized laser energy density （1000 mJ/cm2） with a considerable stress release. The absorption edge energy measured by the UV- visible spectra is in fairly good agreement with the bandgap energy in the density functional theory （DFT） simulation.

Characterization on the Exfoliation Degree of Graphite Oxide into Graphene Oxide by UV-visible Spectroscopy

The exfoliation degree of graphite oxide into graphene oxide plays an important role in the massive production method of reduced graphene oxide. It is significant to find a simple and feasible method to analyze the exfoliation degree of graphite oxide. In the present work, graphite oxide was synthesized by a modified Hummers method, and then graphene oxide colloids were obtained by exfoliation of graphite oxide dispersed in de-ionized water. UV-visible spectroscopy was used to characterize the absorption of the graphene oxide colloids, and the concentration of graphene oxide colloids indicated by absorption area of UV-visible spectra was studied. Results show that there is a relatively stable relationship between them, indicating that UV- visible spectroscopy is a potential method for analyzing the exfoliation degree of graphite oxide into graphene oxide.

Fast-speed self-powered PEDOT:PSS/α-Ga_(2)O_(3)nanorod array/FTO photodetector with solar-blind UV/visible dual-band photodetection

Theα-Ga2 O_(3)nanorod array is grown on FTO by hydrothermal and annealing processes.And a self-powered PEDOT:PSS/α-Ga_(2)O_(3)nanorod array/FTO(PGF)photodetector has been demonstrated by spin coating PEDOT:PSS on theα-Ga_(2)O_(3)nanorod array.Successfully,the PGF photodetector shows solar-blind UV/visible dual-band photodetection.Our device possesses comparable solar-blind UV responsivity(0.18 mA/W at 235 nm)and much faster response speed(0.102 s)than most of the reported self-poweredα-Ga_(2)O_(3)nanorod array solar-blind UV photodetectors.And it presents the featured and distinguished visible band photoresponse with a response speed of 0.136 s at 540 nm.The response time is also much faster than the other non-self-poweredβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)DUV/visible dual-band photodetectors due to the fast-speed separation of photogenerated carries by the built-in electric field in the depletion regions of PEDOT:PSS/α-Ga_(2)O_(3)heterojunction.The results herein may prove a promising way to realize fast-speed self-poweredα-Ga_(2)O_(3)photodetectors with solar-blind UV/visible dual-band photodetection by simple processes for the applications of multiple-target tracking,imaging,machine vision and communication.

Application of Total Error Strategy in Validation of Affordable and Accessible UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Methods for Quality Control of Poor Medicines

In the framework of fighting against the poor quality medicines sold in developing countries using classical analytical methods easily accessible in those countries, four UV-Visible spectrophotometric methods for one antimalarial (quinine) and two antibiotics (amoxicillin and metronidazole) have been developed and validated according to the total error strategy using the accuracy profiles as a decision tool. The dosing range was 2 - 10 μg/mL (for quinine sulfate in tablet), 4 - 12 μg/mL (for quinine bichlorhydrate in oral drop-metronidazole benzaote in oral suspension) and 15 - 35 μg/mL (for amoxicillin trihydrate in capsule). The validated methods were then applied in determining the content of some analogous medicines sold in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Thus, the proposed UV-Visible spectrophotometric methods are simple and suitable to quantify quinine, amoxicillin and metronidazole in different pharmaceutical forms.

IN－SITU FTIR AND UV－VISIBLE－NEAR－IR SPECTROELECTROOHEMICAL STUDIES OF MIXED－VALENCE ISOPOLYANION Mo＿6O＿（19）￣（3－） IN APROTIC MEDIA

In the paper, we have studied the mixed-valence isopolyanion by cyclic voltammogram, in-situ UV-Visible-Near-IR and FTIR spectroelectrochemical methods in aprotic medium,such as methylene chloride.A number of hetero-- and iso--polyanions of molybdenum are re(luci})leto a series of mixed-valeDce compounds containing Mow and Mo t'. f 1 1These species exhibit intervalence transfer bands. This description ofthe electronic structure corresponds to cia88 H syetems in Robinand Day'8 classification of mixed--valence compounds t21. The electrochemical methods can prepare the mixed--valence compounds in which laceetructure of the parent oxidized form is generally retained. [31 In--situepectroelectrochemical studies have many advantages for product identification and for mechanistic studies of transition metal complexes in solution. t.1 Among theme are small electrolysis volumee that yield shortelectrolysis times, rapid time response for the measurement or kineticparameters, and the rapid in--situ generation of reactive species withBtable properties that preclude isolation [51.The cyclic voltammogram indicates that the (TBA).Mo.O.. undergoestwo reductione, which are labeled ac reactions 1--2 and corre6pond tothe electron transfers given in eq. 1-- 2.Mo.O.g-- + e * Mo.O.g--' E./2=--0.690V -----------------------------(1)Mo.O.S-- + e - Mo.O.:-- ac- other products E.,.=--1.650V------(2)

Interaction between DNA with Complex of Eu^(3+)-Rutin by UV-Visible Spectroscopy and Electrochemistry

The interaction of Eu^3＋-rutin with CT DNA was studied by UV-visible spectroscopy and electrochemistry. All experimental results indicate that the complex binds to DNA by the electrostatic mode and the groove binding mode. Information such as intrinsic binding costant （ k = 1. 426 × 104 mol·L^-1 ）, and binding numbers （ n = 2）, were determined by cyclic vohammetry and differential pulse vohammetry at glass carbon electrode. Interaction between Eu^3＋ with rutin was also studied by UV-visible spectroscopy.

Determination of the Biodiesel Content in Petrodiesel/Biodiesel Blends: A Method Based on Uv-Visible Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Tools

In this work, we developed an analytical method based on UV-visible spectroscopy to determine the concentration of biodiesel from African palm in blends of petrodiesel. Seventy-five samples with biodiesel concentrations between 0-100 wt% were prepared. The spectral fingerprints that were obtained from the analysis of the samples by UV-visible spectroscopy were used to build predictive model using PLS regression. The predictive ability of the models was evaluated through statistical parameters: the standard error of calibration (SEC), the standard error of validation (SEV), the correlation coefficient of calibration (r Cal) and validation (r Val), the ratio (SEC/SEV), the coefficient of determination R2, the paired data Student’s t-test, cross-validation and external validation. The results indicate that the PLS model predicts the concentration of biodiesel from African palm with high precision in mixtures with petrodiesel. The method developed in this study can be applied to determine the concentration of biodiesel African palm in mixtures of petrodiesel in a more rapid and economical way. Moreover, this method has less analytical errors and is more environmentally friendly than the conventional methods.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Thermal Stability and Solid UV-Vis Absorption Spectra of One New Copper(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymer

A new coordination polymer [Cu2(OH)(nbta)(tib)(H2 O)2]n(1, H3 nbta = 5-nitro-1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid, tib = 1-(4 H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-4-(imidazol-1-yl)benzene) constructed from dimeric Cu(Ⅱ) units has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group I2/c, with a = 17.8474(9), b = 11.7588(6), c = 21.9221(11) ?, β = 104.419(5)°, V = 4455.7(4) ?3 and Z = 8. Compound 1 is a three-dimensional structure constructed from dimeric Cu(Ⅱ) units and presents a 2-nodal(3,5)-connected net. Moreover, the thermal stability and solid UV-Vis absorption spectra have been investigated.

Synthesis of rare earth sulfides and their UV-vis absorption spectra

Rare earth sulfides were systematically synthesized via the sulfurization of their commercial oxide powders using CS2 gas to shorten sulfurization time, and their UV-vis absorption spectra were investigated. The appropriate sulfurization conditions were studied. For the rare earth sulfides with the same crystal structure, the sulfurization temperature showed increasing tendency with the decrease of rare earth element atomic radii. The UV-vis absorption spectra of rare earth sulfides did not depend on the crystal structure of rare earth sulfides, but on the 4f electronic structure of rare earth element. The data showed that the optical band gaps of rare earth sulfides were irregular, and the values ranged from 1.65 to 3.75 eV.

UV- VIS SPECTRA OF POLYANILINE DOPED WITH CAMPHOR SULFONIC ACID IN DIFFERENT ORGANIC SOLVENTS

The doping reaction of polyaniline with camphor sulfonic acid (CSAH) in different organic solvents was studied by UV Vis spectroscopy. The experimental results show that the polaron band of the species was shifted to shorter wavelength when polyaniline was doped with CSAH in N methyl 2 pyrrolidione (NMP) solvent, while the red shift of polaron band was observed when it was in N, N dimethylformamide (DMF). It indicates that the influence of different processing solvents on the doping property of polyaniline is greatly different. N methyl 2 pyrrolidione is a good solvent for polyaniline, polyaniline chain is unfolded in it. The interaction of NMP with CSAH is so strong that the resulting product is apt to dedoping, while the solubility of polyaniline in DMF is relatively low and polyaniline chain is in partly folded state. Thus the doping reaction is kinetically disadvantageous but thermodynamically advantageous.

SYNTHESES AND UV SPECTRA OF SALICYLADEHYDE DERIVATIVES

Nine 5 (β substituted stylryl) salicyladehyde derivatives were prepared by PTC Witting reactions in the paper . The stereochemistry of the Witting reactions and the substituted effect on the UV spectra of salicyladehyde derivaties have been reported . It was observed that the spectra undergo a red shift as the conjugative effect of substituted becomes stronger . A good linear relationship between the shift of UV of p substituted compounds and conjugation effect was obtained.It showed that the Hammett equation may be applied to the UV frequencies of the title compounds.

Estimation Approaches of ηUV,PUV and UV Directional Wave Spectra and Their Comparison

The observation and estimation of directional spectra of sea waves is one of the essential subjects of study of oceanic dynamics. On the basis of the irregular linear wave theory, estimation methods for i/UV, PUV and VV directional wave spectra are derived. By using ij and PUV data measured in-situ, directional wave spectra are estimated, meanwhile the virtues and defects of various spectra are comparied. This method provide a basis for the observations of sea waves.

New Preparation Method of Visible Light Responsive Titanium Dioxide Photocatalytic Films

We report a new and simple preparation method of the visible light responsive Titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalytic films using sol-gel method and ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation. Proposed films were prepared on fused silica plates using titanium tetra-isopropoxide, urea, 2-methoxyethanol, water and UV irradiation. The 650°C-annealed films were carbon-containing anatase type TiO2, not carbon-doped ones. The prepared films absorbed visible light with wavelengths longer than 400 nm. Also, organic dyes were effectively photodegradated by visible light irradiation in the presence of these films.

High Resolution Spectroscopy of Halo Stars in the Near UV and Blue Region I. Spectra in the Wavelength Region 3550-5000 A

An atlas of high resolution （R = 60 000） CCD-spectra in the wavelength range 3500-5000A is presented for four objects in metallicity range -3.0 〈 [Fe/H] 〈 -0.6, temperature range 4750 〈 Teff 〈 5900K, and surface gravity range 1.6 〈 Igg 〈 5.0. We describe the calibration of the stellar atmospheric parameters using Alonso＇s formula based on the method of infrared flux and outline the determination of the abundances of a total number of 25 chemical elements. An analysis of the abundance determination errors for different chemical elements is carried out, and a method is provided for the observations and reduction of spectral material. Properties of the method of producing an atlas of spectra and line identifications are described.

Interaction of 4-aminosalicylic Acid and Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions Using UV-Vis Spectra and Steady-state Fluorescence Spectroscopy

The interactions of 4-aminosalicylic acid （4-ASA） and surfactants in aqueous solutions were investigated by using UV-Vis spectra and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy.The results showed that the strongest peak at UV-vis spectra of 4-ASA aqueous solution in the presence of cationic surfactant and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB） appeared at 206 nm and took a red shift from 206 nm to 221 nm with the increase of 4-ASA concentrations from 0.8×10-5 to 4.4×10-4 mol/L.Similarly,the strongest peak at UV-vis spectra of 4-ASA aqueous solution in the presence of nonionic surfactant and polyvinylpyrrolidone （PVP） appeared at 206 nm and took a red shift from 206 nm to 219 nm with the increase of 4-ASA concentrations from 0.8×10-5 to 4.4×10-4 mol/L.However,the similar phenomena did not appeared in the presence of anion surfactant,sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS）,the UV-vis spectra of 4-ASA aqueous solution remained the same peak position and the peak value increased with the 4-ASA concentration increase.The results could be attributed to the electrostatic attraction between 4-ASA and CTAB or PVP,as well as the electrostatic repulsion between 4-ASA and SDS.Furthermore,the value of critical micelle concentration （CMC） of surfactants in the presence of 4-ASA was determined with Fluorescence method.The first and second CMC of CTAB was 1.2×10-4 M and 2.4×10-4 M,respectively.The first and second CMC of PVP was 1.2×10-4 M and 2.8×10-4 M.SDS realized the multiple micellizations to form multiple CMC.

紫外分光光度法测定歧化松香中去氢枞酸含量的干扰因素研究

利用液相色谱仪、制备液相色谱仪、气相色谱质谱联用仪,对歧化松香(DR)中去氢枞酸(DA)紫外光谱测定方法的干扰因素进行了详细研究。测定的市售不同省份的5个样品中有2个主要干扰物质,进一步定性,确定干扰物质1为6,8,11,13-枞四烯酸(ATA),干扰物质2为混合物,主要检出物为去氢枞醛(D)和枞酸(AA)。采用二阶导数光谱法和偏最小二乘(PLS)法对紫外光谱数据进行分析,以消除去氢枞酸紫外分光光度法的干扰,结果表明:PLS法比二阶导数光谱法误差更小,能够同时消除多种干扰因素,使测试结果更加接近真实值。

污泥好氧堆肥过程中亲水性组分的光谱和电化学特征

为了探讨污泥堆肥过程中亲水性组分(hydrophilic fraction,HyI)的结构组成和电子转移能力的变化规律和机理,本研究以污泥堆肥过程中的HyI为研究对象,采用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、三维荧光光谱(3D-EEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、二维相关光谱(2D-COS)和电化学方法,对其结构组成和电子转移能力的变化进行了系统研究.光谱分析显示,随着堆肥的进行,HyI中芳香族化合物含量增加,醌基含量增加,类蛋白物质含量降低,类胡敏酸物质和类富里酸物质含量增加,芳构化程度和腐殖化程度增强.酰胺和多糖类物质在HyI中占据主导地位,HyI中的羧基含量增加,而酚类含量降低.电化学分析显示,在堆肥过程中,HyI的电子供给能力(electron donating capacity,EDC)呈现先增加后减少的趋势;HyI的电子接受能力(electron accepting capacity,EAC)呈现先减少后增加的趋势.总体上,HyI的电子转移能力(electron transfer capacities,ETC)呈现上升的趋势,表明堆肥过程提高了HyI的氧化还原能力.相关性分析显示,HyI分子量越小、硅酸盐和多糖含量越低,越利于HyI给出电子;而HyI羧基含量越高、类胡敏酸物质越多、腐殖化程度越高、芳香性越强,越利于HyI得到电子.研究显示,污泥堆肥过程中HyI的结构组成和电子转移能力发生了显著变化,HyI分子量的降低、功能基团硅酸盐含量的降低和腐殖化程度的升高与HyI的电子转移能力有密切关系.该结果有助于进一步了解污泥堆肥过程中HyI的形成及其氧化还原特性,为发挥其在治理环境污染中的作用提供依据.

基于紫外-可见和近红外光谱技术的葡萄酒产地鉴别

该研究将紫外-可见光谱、近红外光谱技术与化学计量学方法相结合,建立一种快速、准确鉴别干红葡萄酒产地的方法。采集3个不同产地(怀涿盆地、宁夏贺兰山东麓和渤海湾)的108个赤霞珠干红葡萄酒样品的紫外-可见和近红外光谱信息。首先,对比采用标准正态变量变换(standard normal variable,SNV)、一阶导数(first derivative,FD)、二阶导数(second derivative,SD)及不同方法组合对两种光谱数据进行预处理,分别建立随机森林(random forest,RF)、K-最邻近法(K-nearest neighbor,KNN)和最小二乘支持向量机(least squares support vector machine,LS-SVM)判别模型,通过比较建模结果得到最优的预处理-建模方法组合;然后,基于最优判别模型,采用竞争性自适应重加权采样(competitive adaptive reweighted sampling,CARS)算法和无信息变量消除(uninformative variable elimination,UVE)法对光谱数据进行特征波段提取并建立判别模型。结果表明,基于紫外-可见光谱建立的SNV+FD-UVE-LSSVM模型的校正集和验证集的识别率分别达到97.53%和96.30%,基于近红外光谱建立的FD-CARS-KNN模型的校正集和验证集的识别率分别达到98.76%和96.30%。该结果证实将紫外-可见光谱、近红外光谱技术与机器学习相结合,有望成为一种简单、快速和低成本的工具,用于鉴别中国干红葡萄酒的地理来源。

稀土与丙氨酸、咪唑三元配合物的FTIR和UV/VIS光谱

用氯化稀土 (La ,Pr ,Eu)与α 丙氨酸、咪唑固体混配体配合物以及对应稀土盐、配体α 氨基酸和咪唑进行了FTIR光谱和固体UV/VIS、水溶液UV/VIS光谱测试 ,分析了配合物的光谱特性 ,讨论了配体和Ln(Ⅲ )