Application of Total Error Strategy in Validation of Affordable and Accessible UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Methods for Quality Control of Poor Medicines

In the framework of fighting against the poor quality medicines sold in developing countries using classical analytical methods easily accessible in those countries, four UV-Visible spectrophotometric methods for one antimalarial (quinine) and two antibiotics (amoxicillin and metronidazole) have been developed and validated according to the total error strategy using the accuracy profiles as a decision tool. The dosing range was 2 - 10 μg/mL (for quinine sulfate in tablet), 4 - 12 μg/mL (for quinine bichlorhydrate in oral drop-metronidazole benzaote in oral suspension) and 15 - 35 μg/mL (for amoxicillin trihydrate in capsule). The validated methods were then applied in determining the content of some analogous medicines sold in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Thus, the proposed UV-Visible spectrophotometric methods are simple and suitable to quantify quinine, amoxicillin and metronidazole in different pharmaceutical forms.

IMPROVEMENT OF FLUORIMETRIC AND UV－VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY METHODS FOR MEASURING NITRIC OXIDE AND／OR EDRF IN BLOOD

The increasing importance of endothelium-derived relaxing factor(EDRF),which has now been identified as nitric oxide (NO),has been underscored by the eltlcidation of its role'in a growing number of normal and pathophysiological processes. Therefore techniques for detection of nitric oxide should serve as useful tools in defining the role of nitric oxide to these processes.We have improved a simple, sensitive assay methods for determination of nitric oxide in blood, tissue, and other body fluids both by fluorometric and by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometric measurements. Data obtained by floores cence and by UV-visible assay were correlated well (r=0. 9938, P<0. 0001 ).Linearity:0.1￣ 100μmol/L,r =0.9996,P<0.0001. The minimum detection limit were < 10pmol/L. Within-and between-run CVs were 2. 48%and 4. 62% (n = 10),respectively.Reference values for healthy adults(n=40) were(9.82 ± 1. 57) pmol/L. In conclusion:the methods is sensitive, specific,and precise. It is fairly rapid and simple to perform andrequires no pretreatment of sample, i. e., plasma and urine.The value can be obtained by fluorimeter and/or UV-visible spectrophotometer.The present method is sufficiently rapid and simple to make this a practical choice for many laboratories.

Study on superoxide and hydroxyl radicals generated in indirect electrochemical oxidation by chemiluminescence and UV-Visible spectra

The generation and transformation of radicals on the cathode of indirect electrochemical oxidation were studied by chemilumines- cence(CL)and UV-Visible spectra in the reactor with a salt bridge that connected the separated chambers.The CL intensity of 4×10^(-9)mol/L luminol on the cathode with bubbling oxygen was about seven times that of the intensity without it,which was because of the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).The existence of ROS,especially the generation of the superoxide radical,coul...

Characterization on the Exfoliation Degree of Graphite Oxide into Graphene Oxide by UV-visible Spectroscopy

The exfoliation degree of graphite oxide into graphene oxide plays an important role in the massive production method of reduced graphene oxide. It is significant to find a simple and feasible method to analyze the exfoliation degree of graphite oxide. In the present work, graphite oxide was synthesized by a modified Hummers method, and then graphene oxide colloids were obtained by exfoliation of graphite oxide dispersed in de-ionized water. UV-visible spectroscopy was used to characterize the absorption of the graphene oxide colloids, and the concentration of graphene oxide colloids indicated by absorption area of UV-visible spectra was studied. Results show that there is a relatively stable relationship between them, indicating that UV- visible spectroscopy is a potential method for analyzing the exfoliation degree of graphite oxide into graphene oxide.

Fast-speed self-powered PEDOT:PSS/α-Ga_(2)O_(3)nanorod array/FTO photodetector with solar-blind UV/visible dual-band photodetection

Theα-Ga2 O_(3)nanorod array is grown on FTO by hydrothermal and annealing processes.And a self-powered PEDOT:PSS/α-Ga_(2)O_(3)nanorod array/FTO(PGF)photodetector has been demonstrated by spin coating PEDOT:PSS on theα-Ga_(2)O_(3)nanorod array.Successfully,the PGF photodetector shows solar-blind UV/visible dual-band photodetection.Our device possesses comparable solar-blind UV responsivity(0.18 mA/W at 235 nm)and much faster response speed(0.102 s)than most of the reported self-poweredα-Ga_(2)O_(3)nanorod array solar-blind UV photodetectors.And it presents the featured and distinguished visible band photoresponse with a response speed of 0.136 s at 540 nm.The response time is also much faster than the other non-self-poweredβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)DUV/visible dual-band photodetectors due to the fast-speed separation of photogenerated carries by the built-in electric field in the depletion regions of PEDOT:PSS/α-Ga_(2)O_(3)heterojunction.The results herein may prove a promising way to realize fast-speed self-poweredα-Ga_(2)O_(3)photodetectors with solar-blind UV/visible dual-band photodetection by simple processes for the applications of multiple-target tracking,imaging,machine vision and communication.

IN－SITU FTIR AND UV－VISIBLE－NEAR－IR SPECTROELECTROOHEMICAL STUDIES OF MIXED－VALENCE ISOPOLYANION Mo＿6O＿（19）￣（3－） IN APROTIC MEDIA

In the paper, we have studied the mixed-valence isopolyanion by cyclic voltammogram, in-situ UV-Visible-Near-IR and FTIR spectroelectrochemical methods in aprotic medium,such as methylene chloride.A number of hetero-- and iso--polyanions of molybdenum are re(luci})leto a series of mixed-valeDce compounds containing Mow and Mo t'. f 1 1These species exhibit intervalence transfer bands. This description ofthe electronic structure corresponds to cia88 H syetems in Robinand Day'8 classification of mixed--valence compounds t21. The electrochemical methods can prepare the mixed--valence compounds in which laceetructure of the parent oxidized form is generally retained. [31 In--situepectroelectrochemical studies have many advantages for product identification and for mechanistic studies of transition metal complexes in solution. t.1 Among theme are small electrolysis volumee that yield shortelectrolysis times, rapid time response for the measurement or kineticparameters, and the rapid in--situ generation of reactive species withBtable properties that preclude isolation [51.The cyclic voltammogram indicates that the (TBA).Mo.O.. undergoestwo reductione, which are labeled ac reactions 1--2 and corre6pond tothe electron transfers given in eq. 1-- 2.Mo.O.g-- + e * Mo.O.g--' E./2=--0.690V -----------------------------(1)Mo.O.S-- + e - Mo.O.:-- ac- other products E.,.=--1.650V------(2)

UV–visible spectral characterization and density functional theory simulation analysis on laser-induced crystallization of amorphous silicon thin films

The effect of laser energy density on the crystallization of hydrogenated intrinsic amorphous silicon （a-Si：H） thin films was studied both theoretically and experimentally. The thin films were irritated by a frequency-doubled （λ= 532 nm） Nd：YAG pulsed nanosecond laser. An effective density functional theory model was built to reveal the variation of bandgap energy influenced by thermal stress after laser irradiation. Experimental results establish correlation between the thermal stress and the shift of transverse optical peak in Raman spectroscopy and suggest that the relatively greater shift of the transverse optical （TO） peak can produce higher stress. The highest crystalline fraction （84.5%） is obtained in the optimized laser energy density （1000 mJ/cm2） with a considerable stress release. The absorption edge energy measured by the UV- visible spectra is in fairly good agreement with the bandgap energy in the density functional theory （DFT） simulation.

Interaction between DNA with Complex of Eu^(3+)-Rutin by UV-Visible Spectroscopy and Electrochemistry

The interaction of Eu^3＋-rutin with CT DNA was studied by UV-visible spectroscopy and electrochemistry. All experimental results indicate that the complex binds to DNA by the electrostatic mode and the groove binding mode. Information such as intrinsic binding costant （ k = 1. 426 × 104 mol·L^-1 ）, and binding numbers （ n = 2）, were determined by cyclic vohammetry and differential pulse vohammetry at glass carbon electrode. Interaction between Eu^3＋ with rutin was also studied by UV-visible spectroscopy.

Determination of the Biodiesel Content in Petrodiesel/Biodiesel Blends: A Method Based on Uv-Visible Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Tools

In this work, we developed an analytical method based on UV-visible spectroscopy to determine the concentration of biodiesel from African palm in blends of petrodiesel. Seventy-five samples with biodiesel concentrations between 0-100 wt% were prepared. The spectral fingerprints that were obtained from the analysis of the samples by UV-visible spectroscopy were used to build predictive model using PLS regression. The predictive ability of the models was evaluated through statistical parameters: the standard error of calibration (SEC), the standard error of validation (SEV), the correlation coefficient of calibration (r Cal) and validation (r Val), the ratio (SEC/SEV), the coefficient of determination R2, the paired data Student’s t-test, cross-validation and external validation. The results indicate that the PLS model predicts the concentration of biodiesel from African palm with high precision in mixtures with petrodiesel. The method developed in this study can be applied to determine the concentration of biodiesel African palm in mixtures of petrodiesel in a more rapid and economical way. Moreover, this method has less analytical errors and is more environmentally friendly than the conventional methods.

New Preparation Method of Visible Light Responsive Titanium Dioxide Photocatalytic Films

We report a new and simple preparation method of the visible light responsive Titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalytic films using sol-gel method and ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation. Proposed films were prepared on fused silica plates using titanium tetra-isopropoxide, urea, 2-methoxyethanol, water and UV irradiation. The 650°C-annealed films were carbon-containing anatase type TiO2, not carbon-doped ones. The prepared films absorbed visible light with wavelengths longer than 400 nm. Also, organic dyes were effectively photodegradated by visible light irradiation in the presence of these films.

Studies of Ce(Ⅲ)-ALC-F Interacting with Herring Sperm DNA by Electrochemical, Fluorimetric and UV-spectrophotometric Method

Ce(Ⅲ)-ALC-F complex can react with hsDNA to form an electrochemically non-active supermolecular complex Ce(Ⅲ)-ALC-F-DNA in the buffer solution of (CH2)6N4(pH=4.9), which results in the decrease of the peak current of Ce(Ⅲ)-ALC-F. This method can be applied to determine DNA concentration. In addition, by using fluorimetric and UV-spectrophotometric methods with studies of denatured DNA and the effect of NaCl solution , it is also found that the binding mode is intercalation.

酰基膦氧化物光引发剂在UV光聚合法合成高吸水树脂中的应用

介绍了Irgacure 819、Irgacure 1800和Irgacure 1700三种新型的酰基膦氧化物光引发剂,用紫外-可见分光光度等方法探讨了其结构及光分解的机理。这三种高效的光引发剂可用于紫外光(UV)光聚合法合成聚丙烯酸-丙烯酸铵高吸水树脂。对曝光时间和光引发剂含量对树脂的吸水性能的影响进行了综合比较。以Irgacure1700为光引发剂,UV光聚合法合成的高吸水性树脂,其吸水率最高可达835mL/g,交联率达到94.5%。

可见/近红外联合UVE-PLS-LDA鉴别压榨和浸出山茶油

山茶油是我国特有的优质食用油,而压榨山茶油营养品质优于浸出山茶油。采用可见/近红外光谱技术对压榨和浸出山茶油进行鉴别研究。在350～1 800nm波段范围内采集压榨和浸出山茶油样本的透射光谱,利用无信息变量消除(UVE)方法进行波长变量优选,剔除无用波长变量,并应用偏最小二乘-线性判别分析(PLS-LDA)建立鉴别分类模型。最后,利用鉴别分类模型对未参与建模的26个预测集样本进行鉴别。研究结果表明,UVE-PLS-LDA是一种有效的鉴别分类方法,所建立的鉴别分类模型能较好地对压榨和浸出山茶油进行鉴别,校正集和预测集样本的鉴别正确率均为100%。因此,可见/近红外光谱联合UVE-PLS-LDA方法鉴别压榨和浸出山茶油是可行的。

UV-Vis光谱差减法测定油橄榄叶中橄榄苦苷含量初探

建立了紫外-可见(UV-Vis)分光光谱测定油橄榄叶中橄榄苦苷含量的方法。以芦丁和橄榄苦苷为对照品,分别采用NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH络合体系和AlCl3络合体系进行显色。以NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH体系显色后于510 nm处可测得油橄榄叶中总黄酮和橄榄苦苷的吸光度之和;而以AlCl3体系显色后于415 nm处仅测得总黄酮的吸光度,橄榄苦苷无吸收。利用橄榄苦苷在两种显色体系中的吸收特性差别,通过差减法换算后可间接测定样品中橄榄苦苷的含量。以UV-Vis差减法测得油橄榄叶及其纯化浸膏中橄榄苦苷的平均含量分别为11.6%和63.4%,3次测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.5%和1.2%,其结果与高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定结果的相对误差小于4.0%。该方法可替代HPLC用于油橄榄叶中橄榄苦苷的含量测定,为油橄榄叶及其制品的质量控制提供了一种快速、简便、成本低廉的分析方法。

基于UVE-GA变量优选的山茶油可见/近红外光谱掺假鉴别

摘要：利用可见／近红外光谱结合无信息变量消除一遗传算法（UVE—GA）变量选择方法对山茶油和掺杂低比例菜籽油（1％～10％）的山茶油进行鉴别分类，并应用线性判别分析（LDA）方法建立分类模型。结果表明：UVE—GA是一种有效的波长变量选择方法，能简化分类模型和提高分类模型精度；UVE—GA—LDA分类模型适用于掺杂2％以上菜籽油的山茶油鉴别分类，其分类正确率为100％；对掺杂1％菜籽油的山茶油鉴别分类正确率有待提高，其分类正确率仅为50％。

褶合光谱分析法和UV／Vis－W褶合光谱仪研究

我们自１９８３年１月始，提出分光光度法定性定量新原理，研究发明了褶合（曲线）光谱分析法和实施这一新方法的光机电算一体化全新概念的智能型多功能分光光度计──ＵＶ／Ｖｉｓ－Ｗ褶合光谱仪，实现了分析仪器由“数据提供者”到“问题解决者”的飞跃。它可广泛应用于无机分析、有机分析、生化分析等学科研究领域。本文系统地介绍了这一发明专利的原理、功能和应用。

基于UVE-ICA和支持向量机的南丰蜜桔可溶性固形物可见-近红外检测

利用可见-近红外光谱技术联合变量选择新方法对南丰蜜桔的可溶性固形物（SSC）进行快速无损检测研究，以简化南丰蜜桔SSC预测模型和提高预测模型性能。试验共采用300个南丰蜜桔样本，校正集、验证集及预测集样本分别为150，75和75个。采用QualitySpec型光谱仪在350-1000nm波段范围内采集样本光谱，利用无信息变量消除（UVE）剔除无用信息波长变量，再采用独立成分分析（ICA）提取光谱的独立成分，最后应用最小二乘支持向量机（LS-SVM）建立南丰蜜桔的SSC预测模型，并利用未参与建模的预测集样本对模型进行评价。研究结果表明，可见-近红外光谱技术联合UVE-ICA-LS-SVM对南丰蜜桔的SSC检测精度高。UVE-ICA可以有效剔除无用信息波长变量，提取特征光谱信息，简化预测模型及提高预测模型性能。ITVE-ICA-LS-SVM所建立的南丰蜜桔SSC预测模型性能优于PLS，PCA-LS-SVM及ICA-LS-SVM预测模型，其校正集、验证集及预测集的决定系数和均方根误差分别为0．978，0．230％，0．965，0．301％及0．967，0．292％。

用HPLC及UV测定注射用头孢地嗪钠含量

目的:建立头孢地嗪钠含量测定的紫外分光光度法。方法:取样品制成20μg/ml的溶液,在262 nm波长处测定吸收度,分别采用回归方程和吸收系数计算其含量,并用HPLC法进行比较。结果:两法的平均回收率分别为99.0％,999％;RSD分别为0.6％,0.4％。结果基本一致。结论:本法快速、简便、准确。

UV法测定双氯芬酸钠凝胶剂的含量

目的 :建立双氯芬酸钠凝胶剂的含量测定方法。方法 :采用紫外分光光度法于 2 76 nm波长处测定其吸收度并计算含量。结果 :线性范围在 5～ 30 μg/ ml,回归方程 :A=0 .0 3185 c- 0 .0 132 3;r=0 .9999(n=6 ) ,平均回收率为 10 0 .4 2 % ,RSD=0 .88%。结论 :方法简便 ,准确 。

酵母核糖核酸的UV-Vis光谱探针反应的机理研究

采用UV -Vis分光光度法 ,研究在 pH7～8的缓冲溶液中 ,酵母核糖核酸 (RNA)与3_氨基_6_二甲氨基_2_甲基吩嗪盐酸盐 (ZR)相互作用;反应生成红色配合物 ,该配合物的最大吸收波长为540nm ;反应前后的吸收光谱变化明显 ,配合物的吸收峰与试剂本身比较红移90nm ;研究了体系的酸度、温度、时间等基本反应条件以及不同类型的离子对体系的影响 ,发现离子强度的改变对体系的吸光度有明显的影响。