Characteristics of Light Transmission in Summer and Winter and Its Relation to Sediment Transport in the East China Sea

Light transmission data collected from June to July 1987 and from February to March 1997 by the R/V Kexue 1 in the East China Sea were used to analyze its distribution characteristics and its relation to the sediment transport in this sea. Some results obtained were: (1) The Taiwan Warm Current flowing northwards seemed to be a barrier preventing suspended matter discharged from the Changjiang River Estuary from continuously moving southeastward and causing the suspended matter to flow along a path near 123°30′E in summer and 123°00′E in winter. (2) Suspended matter in the area adjacent to the Changjiang River Estuary could not be transported southward along the coast in summer due to opposing offshore currents including the Taiwan Warm Current flowing northward and the Changjiang Diluted Water turning northeastward. (3) The thermocline and temperature front bar suspended matter from crossing through.

Experimental studies of extraordinary light transmission through periodic arrays of subwavelength square and rectangular holes in metal films

We fabricate a series of periodic arrays of subwavelength square and rectangular air holes on gold films, and measure the transmission spectra of these metallic nanostructures. By changing some geometrical and physical parameters, such as array period, air hole size and shape, and the incident light polarization, we verify that both global surface plasmon resonance and localized waveguide mode resonance are influential on enhancing the transmission of light through nanostructured metal films. These two resonances induce different behaviours of transmission peak shift. The transmission through the rectangular air-hole structures exhibits an obvious polarization effect dependent on the morphology. Numerical simulations are also made by a plane-wave transfer-matrix method and in good consistency with the experimental results.

Design and Analysis of Traffic Information Transmission System Based on Visible Light Communication

Visible Light Communication( VLC) based on LED is a new wireless communication technology with high response rate and good modulation characteristics in the wavelengths of 380- 780 nm. Compared with conventional methods,the waveband of VLC is harmless to human and safe to communication because of no magnetism radiation. An audio information transmission system using LED traffic lights is presented based on VLC technology. The system is consisted of transmitting terminal,receiving terminal and communication channel. Some experiments were made under real communication environment. The experimental results showed that the traffic information transmission system works steadily with good communication quality and achieves the purpose of transmitting audio information through LED traffic lights,with a data transfer rate up to 250 kbps over a distance of 5 meters.

Separate Dimming Controlling and Data Transmission for an Indoor Visible Light Communication System

Simultaneous dimming controlling and data transmission are usually required in a white LED based indoor visible light communication system.However,the diming controlling of LED normally interferes the data transmission due to the modulation nonlinearity of LED.In order to solve this problem,a scheme by separating the LEDs for the functions of dimming control and data transmission respectively is proposed in this paper.In the scheme,the LEDs used for dimming control function are driven by a dc amplified circuit,and the LEDs for data transmission are driven by a digital modulation circuit respectively.In this way,the modulation distortion to the data signal caused by the modulation nonlinearity can be avoided even if the dimming is at high level dc driven current.The proof-of-concept experiment of a 2.5Mbit/s visible light communication system demonstrates that the dimming controlling and data transmission can be realized simultaneously in a simple way,and the data transmission is not affected by the dimming controlling function.Compared to previous methods,the scheme in this paper is simpler and cost effective,and makes sense when high rate data is transmitted in a visible light communication system.

TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF HYDROLOGY AND LIGHT TRANSMISSION AT TWO FIXED OBSERVATION STATIONS IN THE EAST CHINA SEA

The temporal variations of the hydrology and light transmission at two fixed position observation stations in the East China Sea (ECS) during February to March 1997 were analyzed. The fixed position observations were conducted at 29°28’N, 124°45’E (Station 409), the center of the PN section, and at 32°N, 126°E (Station 111), the center of the ECS Cold Eddy. The results indicate: the semidiurnal tide generated semidiurnal variations of temperature, salinity and light transmission due to horizontal advection, but the re suspension effect of the semidiurnal tide still need to be analyzed; the sea surface diurnal temperature range was as large as 0.2℃ during low wind period; the resuspension due to wind disturbance at the two stations (with water depth of more than 80 m) seemed to be small; from late February to early March, the near bottom water temperature as well as light transmission at Station 111 sharply

Real-Time Video Transmission of Visible Light Communication Based on LED

In order to realize the video image transmission and the excellent lighting function of the visible light communication system, a LED-based visible light communication method and system is proposed. Based on the field programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware, the RS channel coding is applied to the visible light communication system. A pulse position decision algorithm is proposed, which is applied to the receiver of the visible light communication system to meet the error-free decision of the signal. The design of the system is based on the analog-to-digital conversion circuit, which provides a large signal dynamic range for the pulse position decision algorithm, and designs the LED driver based on the bias circuit to realize the fast broadband modulation of the signal. The test results show that the combined application of pulse position decision algorithm and Reed-Solomon codec can reduce the error of system signal and meet the real-time and reliable transmission of signal. The system can display the received video in real time from the receiver, and the whole system communication distance up to 5 m.

Effect of Ambient Humidity on the Transmission of UV/Visible Light through Model Human Epidermis

Transmission of light through model human epidermal samples is investigated at four different wavelengths and at varying ambient humidity. Light from light emitting diodes (LEDs) is used for transmission measurements through the samples at a UVA wavelength of 365 nm, and visible wavelengths of 460 nm, 500 nm, and 595 nm. Ambient air-humidity is varied between 20% and 100%. Results show that for high ambient humidity, near 100%, transmission of light through the epidermis is higher than at low ambient humidity, 60% or lower. These results are explained with a simple model of epidermis as a turbid medium and the effect of adsorbed water in reducing light-scattering by refractive-index-matching. Biological implications of increased light-transmission through epidermis at high ambient humidity are discussed.

The Role of Periodicity in Enhanced Transmission through Subwavelength Hole Arrays

Two kinds of subwavelength hole arrays in metallic films are designed to verify the import, ant role of the periodicity in enhanced transmission of light. The measured optical spectra show that the quasiperiodic hole arrays exhibit an enhanced transmission peak centred at 707nm with a transmission intensity of about 20%, while no plasmon resonance peak is found for the amorphous hole arrays. When the hole diameter decreases in the quasiperiodic structure, the position of the transmission peak shifts slightly, and the transmittance drops, These phenomena indicate the important role of the long-range structural order （particularly the periodicity） in assisting the coupling of incident light wave with the surface plasmon modes of the metallic structures.

Extraordinary Transmission through Metallic Grating with Subwavelength Slits for S-Polarization Illumination

Based on the rigorous coupled-wave analysis algorithm, we have systematically analysed the effect of the geometrical parameters of a dielectric film coated metallic grating with subwavelength slits on extraordinary optical transmission for s-polarization illumination. Results show that the dielectric film which sustains a waveguide electromagnetic mode on the top of the metallic lamellar grating can strongly enhance the transmittance, the positions of the transmission peaks are mainly determined by the period of the metallic grating, the thickness and refractive index of the dielectric film. This structure shows potential applications in excellent polarizers or polarization-isotropic devices at infrared spectral range by appropriately choosing the geometrical parameters.

Generation of structured light beams with polarization variation along arbitrary spatial trajectories using tri-layer metasurfaces

Conventionally,the spatially structured light beams produced by metasurfaces primarily highlight the polarization modulation of the beams propagating along the optical axis or the beams'spatial transmission trajectory.In particular,along the optical axis,the polarization state is either constant or varies continuously in each output plane.Here,we develop innovative spatially structured light beams with continually changing polarization along any arbitrary spatial transmission trajectories.With tri-layer metallic metasurfaces,the geometric characteristics of each layer structure can be adjusted to modulate the phase and polarization state of the incident terahertz(THz)wave.The beam will converge to the predefined trajectory along several paths to generate a Bessel-like beam with longitudinal polarization changes.We demonstrate the versatility of the approach by designing two THz-band structured light beams with varying polarization states along the spatial helical transmission trajectory.Continuous linear polarization changes and linear polarization to right circular polarization(RCP)and back to linear polarization changes are realized respectively.The experimental results are basically consistent with the simulated results.Our proposal for arbitrary trajectory structured light beams with longitudinally varying polarization offers a practical method for continuously regulating the characteristics of spatial structured light beams with non-axial transmission.This technique has potential uses in optical encryption,particle manipulation,and biomedical imaging.

Tunable phonon-photon coupling induces double magnomechanically induced transparency and enhances slow light in an atom-opto-magnomechanical system

We theoretically investigate the magnomechanically induced transparency phenomenon,Fano resonance and the slow-fast light effect in the situation where an atomic ensemble is placed inside the hybrid cavity of an optomagnomechanical system.The system is driven by dual optical and phononic drives.We show double magnomechanically induced transparency in the probe output spectrum by exploiting the phonon-photon coupling strength.Then,we study the effects of the decay rate of the cavity and the atomic ensemble on magnomechanically induced transparency.In addition,we demonstrate that effective detuning of the cavity field frequency changes the transparency window from a symmetrical to an asymmetrical profile,resembling Fano resonances.Further,the fast and slow light effects in the system are explored.We show that the slow light profile is enhanced by adjusting the phonon-photon coupling strength.This result may have potential applications in quantum information processing and communication.

基于注意力机制和LSTM-LightGBM的特高压直流输电线路可听噪声无效数据清洗方法

特高压直流输电线路可听噪声试验过程中,外界环境的突发性干扰会使实验数据中掺杂较多的无效数据,严重影响后续的数据分析。提出了一种基于注意力机制(attention mechanism,AM)和长短时记忆网络-轻量级梯度提升机(long short-term memory network-light gradient boosting machine,LSTM-LightGBM)的输电线路可听噪声无效数据清洗方法。首先,针对可听噪声数据的非线性、高维时序冗余特征等特点,以LSTM神经网络为基础进行特征提取;同时,引入特征维度注意力机制,自适应地分配权重来刻画关键特征信息的表达能力;进而,利用LightGBM对提取到的特征进行分类,检测出无效数据;然后,以某特高压直流输电线路实测可听噪声数据试验分析,结果表明该方法的检测精准率为95.55%,召回率为97.73%,F1分数为0.9663,均优于对比实验模型;最后,将无效数据删除并使用均值插补法填补,无效数据清洗后数据的50%值和95%值基本不变,仅降低无效数据的最大值和5%值。该算法对提高输电线路可听噪声数据的可靠性具有一定参考意义。

Basal internode elongation of rice as affected by light intensity and leaf area

Short basal internodes are important for lodging resistance of rice(Oryza sativa L.).Several canopy indices affect the elongation of basal internodes,but uncertainty as to the key factors determining elongation of basal internodes persists.The objectives of this study were(1)to identify key factors affecting the elongation of basal internodes and(2)to establish a quantitative relationship between basal internode length and canopy indices.An inbred rice cultivar,Yinjingruanzhan,was grown in two split-plot field experiments with three N rates(0,75,and 150 kg N ha−1 in early season and 0,90,and 180 kg N ha−1 in late season)as main plots,three seedling densities(16.7,75.0,and 187.5 seedlings m−2)as subplots,and three replications in the 2015 early and late seasons in Guangzhou,China.Light intensity at base of canopy(Lb),light quality as determined from red/far-red light ratio(R/FR),light transmission ratio(LTR),leaf area index(LAI),leaf N concentration(NLV)and final length of second internode(counted from soil surface upward)(FIL)were recorded.Higher N rate and seedling density resulted in significantly longer FIL.FIL was negatively correlated with Lb,LTR,and R/FR(P<0.01)and positively correlated with LAI(P<0.01),but not correlated with NLV(P>0.05).Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that FIL was strongly associated with Lb and LAI(R2=0.82).Heavy N application to pot-grown rice at the beginning of first internode elongation did not change FIL.We conclude that FIL is determined mainly by Lb and LAI at jointing stage.NLV has no direct effect on the elongation of basal internodes.N application indirectly affects FIL by changing LAI and light conditions in the rice canopy.Reducing LAI and improving canopy light transmission at jointing stage can shorten the basal internodes and increase the lodging resistance of rice.

A High-Speed Bi-Directional Visible Light Communication System Based on RGB-LED

In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a bi-directional indoor communication system based on visible light RGB-LED. Spectrally efficient modulation formats （QAM-OFDM）, advanced digital signal processing, pre- and post- equalization are adopted to compensate the severe frequency response of indoor channel. In this system, we utilize red-green-blue Light emitting diodes （LEDs）, of which each color can be used to carry different signals. For downlink, the low frequencies of each color are used while for uplink, the high frequencies are used. The overall data rate of downlink and uplink are 1.15-Gb/s and 300-Mb/s. The bit error ratios （BERs） for all channels after 0.7 m indoor delivery are below pre-forward- error-correction （pre-FEC） threshold of 3.8×10-3. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest data rate in bi-directional visible light communication system.

Bright light transmits through the brain: Measurement of photon emissions and frequency-dependent modulation of spectral electroencephalographic power

Photons are emitted during brain activity and when applied externally alter its functional connectivity during the resting state. In the present study we applied constant or time varying light (~10,000 lux) stimuli to one side of the skull and measured by photomultiplier tubes the photon density emitted from the opposite side of the skull along its two horizontal planes. Global quantitative electroencephalographic activity (QEEG) was recorded simultaneously. Reliable increases of ~2.5 × 10-11 W· m-2 during either constant or specific flash frequencies between 3 and 7 Hz as well as enhanced QEEG power in the theta and low beta range were measured. According to source localization by Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) the right parahippocampal region was particularly enhanced. Calculations employing known quantitative values for permeability and permittivity of brain tissue were consistent with this frequency band. Estimated concentrations of protons from hydronium ions indicated a Grotthuss chain-like process for moving photon energy through the cerebral medium may have mediated the distance-dependent latency. The results suggest that external light is transmitted through cerebral tissue, can be measured externally, and significantly affects functional connectivity. The findings support the conclusions of Starck et al. (World Journal Neuroscience, 2012).

Optical Design and Stray Light Analysis of the Space Infrared Optical System

This article describes a novel configuration design for a re-imaging off-axis catadioptric space infrared optical system,and in order to satisfy the signal noise ratio requirements of the system,the stray light of the system is necessary to analyze and restrain. The optical system with a focal length of 1 200 mm,an entrance pupil diameter of 600 mm,an F-number of 2,a field of view of 3°× 0. 15°,a working wave band of 8 μm-10 μm,and the image quality of the optical system almost approach to diffraction limits in all field of view.Then the mathematical models of stray light are built,and the suppressive structure is established to eliminate the effect of stray light. Finally,TraceP ro is used to analyze and simulate stray light with and without the suppressive structure,and also get the results of the PST curves. The results indicate that appropriate optical system and suppressive structure can highly reduce the stray light of the space infrared optical system.

The correlation and consistency of light transmission aggregometry and thrombelastography in identifying high clopidogrel on-treatment platelet reactivity in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Various platelet function tests are currently used to identify responsiveness to antiplatelet therapy. 176 ACS patients were enrolled and Linear regression and Kappa consistency analysis showed there was a significant but moderate correlation between platelet inhibition rate and a significant but fair agreement between high clopidogrel on-treatment platelet reactivity tested by light transmission aggregometry and thrombelastography.

量子点发光二极管传输层研究进展

量子点发光二极管(QLED)凭借着色纯度好、半最大发射带宽窄、无机成分寿命长、合成工艺简单等优点,在显示和固态照明等领域表现出广泛的应用潜力。近年来,QLED的性能提升迅速,有取代有机发光二极管(OLED)的趋势。QLED的传输层材料的选择对提高器件的载流子注入起到了至关重要的作用。传输层的化学性质及其界面也会对器件的稳定性和寿命产生影响。本文总结了QLED传输层的研究现状,分析了制约QLED性能的因素,介绍了其性能改进的方向方法,并展望了QLED的未来发展。

基于天空区域分割的快速去雾算法研究

针对传统暗通道先验去雾算法在处理户外含雾图像时,出现天空区域颜色失真和处理速度慢的问题,提出一种可自适应识别天空区域的快速去雾算法。在天空分割方面,选用图像中细节特点明显的亮度分量为研究对象,结合最大类间方差法(OTSU)和动态参数建立自适应识别天空区域算法模型,得到最佳分割阈值,分割出有雾图像的天空区域和非天空区域,并根据天空区域计算出大气光值。在提高处理速度方面,在使用引导滤波优化透射率过程中引入图像下采样算法,保证复原后图像质量的同时减少算法耗时。最后经过与多种经典算法对比,文中算法在视觉效果上细节更加自然,SSIM、PSNR和MSE的综合指标均超过其他算法,并且处理速度较快。主观和客观评价结果均表明,文中算法在视觉效果和时间效率方面都优于其他几种算法,具有一定的实用价值。

光透过式测量下轴承内圈投影轮廓的方程描述和拟合方法

针对轴承内圈沟道曲率半径及沟道位置尺寸的机械式测量方法存在定位要求高,不易实现准确定位、测量效率低等问题,提出了一种基于视觉的光透过式测量方法,同时对该方法的测量原理、数学模型及误差影响因素进行了研究。运用数学方法求取了将几种误差影响因素进行叠加后轴承内圈各部分投影轮廓的曲线方程,给出了参数求解过程。在此基础上,研究了针对测量投影数据的拟合方法,以最小二乘法和非线性曲线拟合法分别拟合上端面和两侧面投影轮廓,求解出偏转角度α、β及相关拟合参数,对沟道投影轮廓采用非线性优化算法进行求解,并得出沟道曲率半径及沟道位置尺寸及误差。仿真结果表明,在不同的误差因素α、β下,该测量方法的测量精度可达到与提取的轮廓点坐标数据精度一致,可行性高。