Hospital sewage contains various harmful pharmaceutical contaminants(e.g.,antibiotics,anti-inflammatory agents,and painkillers)and pathogens(e.g.,bacteria,viruses,and parasites),whose direct discharge into the environ...Hospital sewage contains various harmful pharmaceutical contaminants(e.g.,antibiotics,anti-inflammatory agents,and painkillers)and pathogens(e.g.,bacteria,viruses,and parasites),whose direct discharge into the environment will induce diseases and pose a powerful threat to human health and safety,and environmental ecology.In recent years,advanced oxidation processes(AOPs),particularly photocatalysis,electrocatalysis,and ozone catalysis have been developed as widespread and effective techniques for hospital sewage treatments.However,there is a lack of systematic comparison and review of the prior studies on hospital sewage treatment using AOPs systems.This review elaborates on the mechanisms,removal efficiencies,and advantages/disadvantages of these AOPs systems for hospital wastewater decontamination and disinfection.Meanwhile,some novel and potential technologies such as photo-electrocatalysis,electro-peroxone,Fenton/Fenton-like,and piezoelectric catalysis are also included and summarized.Moreover,we further summarize and compare the capacity of these AOPs to treat the actual hospital wastewater under the impact of the water matrix and pH,and estimate the economic cost of these technologies for practical application.Finally,the future development directions of AOPs for hospital wastewater decontamination and disinfection have been prospected.Overall,this study provides a comparison and overview of these AOP systems in an attempt to raise extensive concerns about hospital wastewater decontamination and disinfection technologies and guide researchers to discover the future directions of technologies optimization,which would be a crucial step forward in the field of hospital sewage treatment.展开更多
Viral infections like Herpes simplex increasingly pose a serious threat to European health care systems and welfare of the population. Indirect transmission routes of infections via inanimate surfaces are often undere...Viral infections like Herpes simplex increasingly pose a serious threat to European health care systems and welfare of the population. Indirect transmission routes of infections via inanimate surfaces are often underestimated. In this study, we investigated the adhesion and persistence of Herpes simplex virus on cotton fabrics as well as its inactivation by domestic laundry. Virus adhesion to textile fibers was distinct, because viral DNA was detectable on fabrics for at least 48 hours after contamination as well as after home laundry. Particles remained infectious for several hours at room temperature and partially for 48 hours at 2℃ - 8℃. Nevertheless, domestic laundry was able to inactivate virus particles given that detergents were adequately used. This confirmed that standard household laundry processes, as established in Europe, are a suitable tool to reduce infectious Herpes virus particles from textiles, thereby supporting the prevention of infections circulating in the household and community.展开更多
It is observed contamination and subsequent growth of various types of mycotoxins in the production and processing of grain and non-grain crops. The contamination of grain and non-grain cereals crops harvest was analy...It is observed contamination and subsequent growth of various types of mycotoxins in the production and processing of grain and non-grain crops. The contamination of grain and non-grain cereals crops harvest was analyzed. The aim of this research is using of microwave energy to disinfect grains of harvest and giving new properties to the grains and plants materials. The author has presented researches of the grains disinfection, during seedbed preparation and post processing. Rational parameters of heating rates of different biological objects were identified, revealed their dependence and impact on infection pathogens, through using of microwave energy technology. The author found a reduction of the number of pathogenic microbes and organisms at the various stages of processing agricultural products during using of microwave energy, and found new qualitative indicators of the products properties.展开更多
Progesterones are ubiquitous in hospital wastewater(HWW)with concentrations much higher than those of estrogens and androgens.To ensure that these water systems are safe to use,disinfection is crucial during HWW treat...Progesterones are ubiquitous in hospital wastewater(HWW)with concentrations much higher than those of estrogens and androgens.To ensure that these water systems are safe to use,disinfection is crucial during HWW treatment by providing"front line"defense against biological contaminations.Here,five disinfection processes,namely,chlorine(Cl_(2)),chlorine dioxide(ClO_(2)),ozone(O_(3)),ultraviolet(UV)),and UV/chlorine(UV/Cl_(2)),were selected to investigate their removal efficiencies for progesterones in primary filtration and secondary biological treatment effluents.There were 61 natural and synthetic progesterones detected in HWW,with the natural progesterones being the main components with a concentration of 845.51 ng/L and contributing to 75.08%of the total proge-sterones.The primary filtration treatment presented insignificant removal effects on the progesterones,while the secondary biological treatment significantly reduced the progesterone content by biode-gradation.The order of removal efficiencies of total progesterones by different disinfection processes was UV/Cl_(2)>Cl_(2)>O_(3)>ClO_(2)>UV.UV/Cl_(2)showed the highest removal efficiency against progesterones mainly due to the activation of Cl_(2)by ultraviolet(UV)photolysis,which helps open the heterocyclic,aromatic,and phenolic rings,thus accelerating progesterone degradation.In addition,the removal efficiencies of natural progesterones in the five disinfection processes were higher than those of synthetic progesterones(progesterone derivatives,19-nortestosterone derivatives,and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives).展开更多
Chlorination disinfection has been widely used in reclaimed water treatment plants to ensure water quality. In order to assess the downstream quality risk of a running reclaimed water disinfection process, a set of dy...Chlorination disinfection has been widely used in reclaimed water treatment plants to ensure water quality. In order to assess the downstream quality risk of a running reclaimed water disinfection process, a set of dynamic equations was developed to simulate reactions in the disinfection process concerning variables of bacteria, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, ammonia and monochloramine. The model was calibrated by the observations obtained from a pilot disinfection process which was designed to simulate the actual process in a reclaimed water treatment plant. A Monte Carlo algorithm was applied to calculate the predictive effluent quality distributions that were used in the established hierarchical assessment system for the downstream quality risk, and the key factors affecting the downstream quality risk were defined using the Regional Sensitivity Analysis method. The results showed that the seasonal upstream quality variation caused considerable downstream quality risk; the effluent ammonia was significantly influenced by its upstream concentration; the upstream COD was a key factor determining the process effluent risk of bacterial, COD and residual disinfectant indexes; and lower COD and ammonia concentrations in the infiuent would mean better downstream quality.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52170088 and 52070133)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M690844)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2021JDRC0027)for financially supporting this study.
文摘Hospital sewage contains various harmful pharmaceutical contaminants(e.g.,antibiotics,anti-inflammatory agents,and painkillers)and pathogens(e.g.,bacteria,viruses,and parasites),whose direct discharge into the environment will induce diseases and pose a powerful threat to human health and safety,and environmental ecology.In recent years,advanced oxidation processes(AOPs),particularly photocatalysis,electrocatalysis,and ozone catalysis have been developed as widespread and effective techniques for hospital sewage treatments.However,there is a lack of systematic comparison and review of the prior studies on hospital sewage treatment using AOPs systems.This review elaborates on the mechanisms,removal efficiencies,and advantages/disadvantages of these AOPs systems for hospital wastewater decontamination and disinfection.Meanwhile,some novel and potential technologies such as photo-electrocatalysis,electro-peroxone,Fenton/Fenton-like,and piezoelectric catalysis are also included and summarized.Moreover,we further summarize and compare the capacity of these AOPs to treat the actual hospital wastewater under the impact of the water matrix and pH,and estimate the economic cost of these technologies for practical application.Finally,the future development directions of AOPs for hospital wastewater decontamination and disinfection have been prospected.Overall,this study provides a comparison and overview of these AOP systems in an attempt to raise extensive concerns about hospital wastewater decontamination and disinfection technologies and guide researchers to discover the future directions of technologies optimization,which would be a crucial step forward in the field of hospital sewage treatment.
文摘Viral infections like Herpes simplex increasingly pose a serious threat to European health care systems and welfare of the population. Indirect transmission routes of infections via inanimate surfaces are often underestimated. In this study, we investigated the adhesion and persistence of Herpes simplex virus on cotton fabrics as well as its inactivation by domestic laundry. Virus adhesion to textile fibers was distinct, because viral DNA was detectable on fabrics for at least 48 hours after contamination as well as after home laundry. Particles remained infectious for several hours at room temperature and partially for 48 hours at 2℃ - 8℃. Nevertheless, domestic laundry was able to inactivate virus particles given that detergents were adequately used. This confirmed that standard household laundry processes, as established in Europe, are a suitable tool to reduce infectious Herpes virus particles from textiles, thereby supporting the prevention of infections circulating in the household and community.
文摘It is observed contamination and subsequent growth of various types of mycotoxins in the production and processing of grain and non-grain crops. The contamination of grain and non-grain cereals crops harvest was analyzed. The aim of this research is using of microwave energy to disinfect grains of harvest and giving new properties to the grains and plants materials. The author has presented researches of the grains disinfection, during seedbed preparation and post processing. Rational parameters of heating rates of different biological objects were identified, revealed their dependence and impact on infection pathogens, through using of microwave energy technology. The author found a reduction of the number of pathogenic microbes and organisms at the various stages of processing agricultural products during using of microwave energy, and found new qualitative indicators of the products properties.
基金the funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42177051 and 41977317).
文摘Progesterones are ubiquitous in hospital wastewater(HWW)with concentrations much higher than those of estrogens and androgens.To ensure that these water systems are safe to use,disinfection is crucial during HWW treatment by providing"front line"defense against biological contaminations.Here,five disinfection processes,namely,chlorine(Cl_(2)),chlorine dioxide(ClO_(2)),ozone(O_(3)),ultraviolet(UV)),and UV/chlorine(UV/Cl_(2)),were selected to investigate their removal efficiencies for progesterones in primary filtration and secondary biological treatment effluents.There were 61 natural and synthetic progesterones detected in HWW,with the natural progesterones being the main components with a concentration of 845.51 ng/L and contributing to 75.08%of the total proge-sterones.The primary filtration treatment presented insignificant removal effects on the progesterones,while the secondary biological treatment significantly reduced the progesterone content by biode-gradation.The order of removal efficiencies of total progesterones by different disinfection processes was UV/Cl_(2)>Cl_(2)>O_(3)>ClO_(2)>UV.UV/Cl_(2)showed the highest removal efficiency against progesterones mainly due to the activation of Cl_(2)by ultraviolet(UV)photolysis,which helps open the heterocyclic,aromatic,and phenolic rings,thus accelerating progesterone degradation.In addition,the removal efficiencies of natural progesterones in the five disinfection processes were higher than those of synthetic progesterones(progesterone derivatives,19-nortestosterone derivatives,and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51178303)
文摘Chlorination disinfection has been widely used in reclaimed water treatment plants to ensure water quality. In order to assess the downstream quality risk of a running reclaimed water disinfection process, a set of dynamic equations was developed to simulate reactions in the disinfection process concerning variables of bacteria, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, ammonia and monochloramine. The model was calibrated by the observations obtained from a pilot disinfection process which was designed to simulate the actual process in a reclaimed water treatment plant. A Monte Carlo algorithm was applied to calculate the predictive effluent quality distributions that were used in the established hierarchical assessment system for the downstream quality risk, and the key factors affecting the downstream quality risk were defined using the Regional Sensitivity Analysis method. The results showed that the seasonal upstream quality variation caused considerable downstream quality risk; the effluent ammonia was significantly influenced by its upstream concentration; the upstream COD was a key factor determining the process effluent risk of bacterial, COD and residual disinfectant indexes; and lower COD and ammonia concentrations in the infiuent would mean better downstream quality.
