Zinc-air batteries(ZABs)are promising energy storage systems because of high theoretical energy density,safety,low cost,and abundance of zinc.However,the slow multi-step reaction of oxygen and heavy reliance on noble-...Zinc-air batteries(ZABs)are promising energy storage systems because of high theoretical energy density,safety,low cost,and abundance of zinc.However,the slow multi-step reaction of oxygen and heavy reliance on noble-metal catalysts hinder the practical applications of ZABs.Therefore,feasible and advanced non-noble-metal elec-trocatalysts for air cathodes need to be identified to promote the oxygen catalytic reaction.In this review,we initially introduced the advancement of ZABs in the past two decades and provided an overview of key developments in this field.Then,we discussed the work-ing mechanism and the design of bifunctional electrocatalysts from the perspective of morphology design,crystal structure tuning,interface strategy,and atomic engineering.We also included theoretical studies,machine learning,and advanced characterization technologies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the structure-performance relationship of electrocatalysts and the reaction pathways of the oxygen redox reactions.Finally,we discussed the challenges and prospects related to designing advanced non-noble-metal bifunctional electrocatalysts for ZABs.展开更多
Teachers’teaching behavior plays a crucial role in students’development,and there are problems in the current teaching behavior of mathematics teachers such as ignoring students’cognitive needs,lack of equal opport...Teachers’teaching behavior plays a crucial role in students’development,and there are problems in the current teaching behavior of mathematics teachers such as ignoring students’cognitive needs,lack of equal opportunities for students’classroom performance as well as lack of formative evaluation of students.In order to solve the phenomenon,this paper analyzes and explains how to promote teaching based on the Teaching for Robust Understanding(TRU)evaluation framework with the goal of focusing on the development of all students,taking the teaching design of The Cosine Theorem as an example,and provides ideas and methods for first-line high school mathematics teachers.展开更多
UbD(Understanding by Design)逆向教学设计能有效促进学生从接受学习向理解学习转变。在小学数学综合与实践模块中,教师在结合UbD理论对模块内容进行教学设计时,应合理设计评估证据、注重融合多学科学习、注重真实情境的创设与信息技...UbD(Understanding by Design)逆向教学设计能有效促进学生从接受学习向理解学习转变。在小学数学综合与实践模块中,教师在结合UbD理论对模块内容进行教学设计时,应合理设计评估证据、注重融合多学科学习、注重真实情境的创设与信息技术的使用,以此促进学生知识迁移和应用能力的发展。展开更多
以标准为基础的教学模式,是目前美国外语教学界普遍认可并积极付诸实践的教学模式。其关键在于如何将外语学习标准有效地贯穿于教学活动的全过程,使教学目的、教学内容及评测方式与标准保持一致。"UBD设计模式"(Understanding...以标准为基础的教学模式,是目前美国外语教学界普遍认可并积极付诸实践的教学模式。其关键在于如何将外语学习标准有效地贯穿于教学活动的全过程,使教学目的、教学内容及评测方式与标准保持一致。"UBD设计模式"(Understanding by design)通过对教学计划的整体调控,在标准的基础上协调教学活动各环节,是一种推进以标准为基础的外语教学模式的有效方法,其对于美国K-12汉语教学计划的撰写,具有重要的启示意义。展开更多
Understanding by design(UbD)是设计优质教学单元的有效工具,在美国等国家教育界得到了广泛的应用。针对目前农林院校学生在课堂上普遍缺乏学习积极性、学习效果差的现状,UbD理论以三个步骤为设计依据,对环境微生物学课程中的微生物特...Understanding by design(UbD)是设计优质教学单元的有效工具,在美国等国家教育界得到了广泛的应用。针对目前农林院校学生在课堂上普遍缺乏学习积极性、学习效果差的现状,UbD理论以三个步骤为设计依据,对环境微生物学课程中的微生物特性与功能教学单元进行了UbD模式的设计与应用。初步应用UbD教学效果表明,UbD教学模式有效地消除了课堂上的“法蒂玛”现象,显著提高了学生课堂参与度和师生互动的频率,激发了学生的学习积极性和求知欲,不仅使学生学习成绩提高,更主要的是使有关教学内容得到深入持久的理解与运用,实现了素质教育,达到了提高其综合能力的目的,教师也从UbD模式教案的设计与教学应用过程中,提升了专业知识水平并掌握了教学技巧。展开更多
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No:22309180)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No:XDB0600000,XDB0600400)+3 种基金Liaoning Binhai Laboratory,(Grant No:LILBLB-2023-04)Dalian Revitalization Talents Program(Grant No:2022RG01)Youth Science and Technology Foundation of Dalian(Grant No:2023RQ015)the University of Waterloo.
文摘Zinc-air batteries(ZABs)are promising energy storage systems because of high theoretical energy density,safety,low cost,and abundance of zinc.However,the slow multi-step reaction of oxygen and heavy reliance on noble-metal catalysts hinder the practical applications of ZABs.Therefore,feasible and advanced non-noble-metal elec-trocatalysts for air cathodes need to be identified to promote the oxygen catalytic reaction.In this review,we initially introduced the advancement of ZABs in the past two decades and provided an overview of key developments in this field.Then,we discussed the work-ing mechanism and the design of bifunctional electrocatalysts from the perspective of morphology design,crystal structure tuning,interface strategy,and atomic engineering.We also included theoretical studies,machine learning,and advanced characterization technologies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the structure-performance relationship of electrocatalysts and the reaction pathways of the oxygen redox reactions.Finally,we discussed the challenges and prospects related to designing advanced non-noble-metal bifunctional electrocatalysts for ZABs.
基金Henan Province 2022 Teacher Education Curriculum Reform Research Project:Research on Improving the Teaching Practice Ability of Mathematics Normal University Students under the OBE Concept(Project number:2022-JSJYZD-009)A Study on the Measurement and Development of Mathematics Core Literacy for Secondary School Students,Doctoral Research Initiation Fee of Henan Normal University(Project number:20230234)Henan Normal University Graduate Quality Course Program,Mathematical Planning I(Project number:YJS2022KC02)。
文摘Teachers’teaching behavior plays a crucial role in students’development,and there are problems in the current teaching behavior of mathematics teachers such as ignoring students’cognitive needs,lack of equal opportunities for students’classroom performance as well as lack of formative evaluation of students.In order to solve the phenomenon,this paper analyzes and explains how to promote teaching based on the Teaching for Robust Understanding(TRU)evaluation framework with the goal of focusing on the development of all students,taking the teaching design of The Cosine Theorem as an example,and provides ideas and methods for first-line high school mathematics teachers.
文摘以标准为基础的教学模式,是目前美国外语教学界普遍认可并积极付诸实践的教学模式。其关键在于如何将外语学习标准有效地贯穿于教学活动的全过程,使教学目的、教学内容及评测方式与标准保持一致。"UBD设计模式"(Understanding by design)通过对教学计划的整体调控,在标准的基础上协调教学活动各环节,是一种推进以标准为基础的外语教学模式的有效方法,其对于美国K-12汉语教学计划的撰写,具有重要的启示意义。
文摘Understanding by design(UbD)是设计优质教学单元的有效工具,在美国等国家教育界得到了广泛的应用。针对目前农林院校学生在课堂上普遍缺乏学习积极性、学习效果差的现状,UbD理论以三个步骤为设计依据,对环境微生物学课程中的微生物特性与功能教学单元进行了UbD模式的设计与应用。初步应用UbD教学效果表明,UbD教学模式有效地消除了课堂上的“法蒂玛”现象,显著提高了学生课堂参与度和师生互动的频率,激发了学生的学习积极性和求知欲,不仅使学生学习成绩提高,更主要的是使有关教学内容得到深入持久的理解与运用,实现了素质教育,达到了提高其综合能力的目的,教师也从UbD模式教案的设计与教学应用过程中,提升了专业知识水平并掌握了教学技巧。