Notoginsenoside Ft1 inhibits colorectal cancer growth by increasing CD8^(+)T cell proportion in tumor-bearing mice through the USP9X signaling pathway

The management of colorectal cancer(CRC)poses a significant challenge,necessitating the development of innovative and effective therapeutics.Our research has shown that notoginsenoside Ft1(Ng-Ft1),a small molecule,markedly inhibits subcutaneous tumor formation in CRC and enhances the proportion of CD8^(+)T cells in tumor-bearing mice,thus restraining tumor growth.Investigation into the mechanism revealed that Ng-Ft1 selectively targets the deubiquitination enzyme USP9X,undermining its role in shieldingβ-catenin.This leads to a reduction in the expression of downstream effectors in the Wnt signaling pathway.These findings indicate that Ng-Ft1 could be a promising small-molecule treatment for CRC,working by blocking tumor progression via the Wnt signaling pathway and augmenting CD8^(+)T cell prevalence within the tumor environment.