Ulinastatin suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in the hippocampus of rats with acute paraquat poisoning

Lung injury is the main manifestation of paraquat poisoning. Few studies have addressed brain damage after paraquat poisoning. Ulinastatin is a protease inhibitor that can effectively stabilize lysosomal membranes, prevent cell damage, and reduce the production of free radicals. This study assumed that ulinastatin would exert these effects on brain tissues that had been poisoned with paraquat. Rat models of paraquat poisoning were intraperitoneally injected with ulinastatin. Simultaneously, rats in the control group were administered normal saline. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that most hippocampal cells were contracted and nucleoli had disappeared in the paraquat group. Fewer cells in the hippocampus were concentrated and nucleoli had dis- appeared in the ulinastatin group. Western blot assay showed that expressions of GRP78 and cleaved-caspase-3 were significantly lower in the ulinastatin group than in the paraquat group. Immunohistochemical findings showed that CHOP immunoreactivity was significantly lower in the ulinastatin group than in the paraquat group. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-medi- ated dUTP nick end labeling staining showed that the number of apoptotic cells was reduced in the paraquat and ulinastatin groups. These data confirmed that endoplasmic reticular stress can be induced by acute paraqnat poisoning. Ulinastatin can effectively inhibit this stress as well as cell apoptosis, thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect.

Ulinastatin for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of ulinastatin for patients with acute lung injury(ALI) and those with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).METHODS: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of ulinastatin for ALI/ARDS was conducted. Oxygenation index, mortality rate [intensive care unit(ICU) mortality rate, 28-d mortality rate] and length of ICU stay were compared between ulinastatin group and conventional therapy group. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.1.RESULTS: Twenty-nine RCTs with 1726 participants were totally included, the basic conditions of which were similar. No studies discussed adverse effect. Oxygenation index was reported in twenty-six studies(1552 patients). Ulinastatin had a significant effect in improving oxygenation [standard mean difference(SMD) = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.42-2.29, P < 0.00001, I2 = 92%]. ICUmortality and 28-d mortality were respectively reported in eighteen studies(987 patients) and three studies(196 patients). We found that ulinastatin significantly decreased the ICU mortality [I2 = 0%, RR = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.38-0.59, number needed to treat(NNT) = 5.06, P < 0.00001], while the 28-d mortality was not significantly affected(I2 = 0%, RR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.51-1.19, NNT = 12.66, P = 0.24). The length of ICU stay(six studies, 364 patients) in the ulinastatin group was significantly lower than that in the control group(SMD =-0.97, 95%CI:-1.20--0.75, P < 0.00001, I2 = 86%). CONCLUSION: Ulinastatin seems to be effective for ALI and ARDS though most trials included were of poor quality and no information on safety was provided.

Ulinastatin in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis:A singlecenter randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND Severe acute pancreatitis(AP)is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and carries a significant financial burden with high disability and mortality.There are no effective drugs in the clinical management of severe AP,and there is an absence of evidence-based medicine concerning the treatment of severe AP.AIM To explore whether ulinastatin(UTI)can improve the outcome of severe AP.METHODS The present research included patients who were hospitalized in intensive critical care units(ICUs)after being diagnosed with severe AP.Patients received UTI(400000 IU)or placebos utilizing computer-based random sequencing(in a 1:1 ratio).The primary outcome measures were 7-d mortality,clinical efficacy,inflammatory response,coagulation function,infection,liver function,renal function,and drug-related adverse effects were evaluated.RESULTS A total of 181 individuals were classified into two groups,namely,the placebo group(n=90)and the UTI group(n=91).There were no statistically significant differences in baseline clinical data between the two groups.The 7-d mortality and clinical efficacy in the UTI group were remarkably improved compared with those in the placebo group.UTI can protect against hyperinflammation and improve coagulation dysfunction,infection,liver function,and renal function.UTI patients had markedly decreased hospital stays and hospitalization expenditures compared with the placebo group.CONCLUSION The findings from the present research indicated that UTI can improve the clinical outcomes of patients with severe AP and has fewer adverse reactions.

Efficacy of Ulinastatin Combined with Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in the Treatment of Sepsis Acute Kidney Injury and Its Effects on Systemic Inflammation, Immune Function and miRAN Expression

Objective: To research the effectiveness of ulinastatin in combination with continuous renal replacement therapy in treating sepsis acute kidney injury and its effect on systemic inflammation, immune function and miRAN expression. Methods: The 84 patients who were diagnosed with sepsis complicated by acute kidney injury in our hospital between May 2020 and June 2022 were chosen and randomly assigned to the study group (n = 42) and the control group (n = 42). Ulinastatin in combination with continuous renal replacement therapy was administered to the study group, whereas the control group was administered with continuous renal replacement therapy alone. Both groups’ clinical effects were observed. The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high sensitivity Creactive protein (hs-CRP), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), IgG, IgA, IgM, expression levels of miR-233 and miR-10a were compared among both the groups, pre-, and post-treatment. Results: The study group’s overall effectiveness rate was higher that is 95.24%, in comparison to the control group’s 78.57%, and this difference was statistically significant (P α, hs-CRP, VCAM-1, and miR-233 and miR-10a expression levels in both the study and control groups were decreased, however, the study group had reduced levels in comparison to the control group, with statistically significant differences (P P Conclusion: Ulinastatin in combination with continuous renal replacement therapy for treating sepsis acute kidney injury exhibits a positive effect and can significantly improve the systemic inflammation and immune function in patients.

中国深空网单基线UT1-UTC解算仿真分析及验证

UT1-UTC (世界时-协调世界时)表征了地球自转规律,在空间自主导航、深空探测器定轨等空间探测活动中具有重要作用。考虑到我国尚未建立较为稳定的UT1-UTC自主保障机制,在该系统规划建设和试验初期开展UT1-UTC监测仿真具有较强的参考意义。本文利用VieSked++软件开展了UT1-UTC解算蒙特卡罗仿真分析,并利用实测数据对仿真结果进行了验证。首先,对IVS (International VlBI Service,国际测地与天体测量VLBI服务组织)常规观测进行了仿真,并利用约100次IVS常规观测值进行了对比验证,表明实际解算精度约为1.4倍的可重复因子。其次,对中国深空网南北半球单基线分别进行了UT1-UTC加强观测仿真,分析表明深空网JM-KS (佳木斯深空站-喀什深空站)基线、NM-AG (纳米比亚深空站-阿根廷深空站)基线的解算精度预期分别约为18μs和22.4μs。再次,利用中国深空网JM-KS基线UT1-UTC观测数据进行处理验证。最后,在统筹深空网测站资源的基础上,开展了多站、多基线UT1-UTC监测能力仿真。本文结果有效评估了基于中国深空网单基线开展UT1-UTC监测解算的能力,为后续系统建设、UT1-UTC解算能力评估等提供了参考。

Effect of ulinastatin combined with antibiotics on systemic inflammatory response and stress hormone secretion in patients with acute severe pneumonia

Objective:To study the effect of ulinastatin combined with antibiotics on systemic inflammatory response and stress hormone secretion in patients with acute severe pneumonia. Methods: A total of 78 patients with acute severe pneumonia in our hospital between December 2014 and January 2017 were randomly divided into routine group and ulinastatin group, each with 39 cases. Routine group were treated with conventional antibiotics, ulinastatin group were treated with ulinastatin and antibiotics, and the treatments lasted for 2 weeks. The differences of serum acute phase proteins, inflammatory factors and stress hormones were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results: Before treatment, there were no significant differences in serum contents of acute phase proteins, inflammatory factors or stress hormones between the two groups. After 2 weeks of treatment, serum acute phase protein prealbumin (PA) content in ulinastatin group was higher than that in routine group whereas C-reactive protein (CRP) content was lower than that in routine group;serum inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) contents in ulinastatin group were lower than those in routine group;serum stress hormones NE, Cor and AngII contents in ulinastatin group were lower than those in routine group. Conclusion:Ulinastatin combined with antibiotics for acute severe pneumonia can inhibit the systemic inflammatory response and stress response.

Effects of ulinastatin on immune function, oxidative stress and related factors in patients with acute pancreatitis

Objective: To investigate the effects of ulinastatin on immune function, oxidative stress and related factors in patients with acute pancreatitis. Methods: 120 patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to digestive department of our hospital from May 2016 to May 2018 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 60 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were given routine treatment, while patients in the observation group were given ulinastatin on the basis of the treatment of patients in the control group. The levels of Kim-1, Cys C, BUN, IgA, IgM, IgG, SOD, NO, TAC, PCT and CRP of patients in the two groups were detected and compared before and after treatment. Results: After treatment, the serum levels of Kim-1, Cys C, BUN, NO, PCT and CRP of patients in the control group and the observation group decreased significantly and the serum levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, SOD and TAC increased significantly. The change trend of these indexes in the serum of patients in the observation group was more obvious than those of patients in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Ulinastatin in the treatment of acute pancreatitis can significantly alleviate kidney injury, enhance immune function and antioxidant capacity of patients, alleviate inflammation.

Effect of ulinastatin combined with anti-infective therapy on systemic inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in patients with acute severe pneumonia

Objective: To study the effect of ulinastatin combined with anti-infective therapy on systemic inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in patients with acute severe pneumonia. Methods: A total of 50 patients with acute severe pneumonia who were treated in the hospital between September 2014 and December 2016 were collected and divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method, 25 cases in each group. Control group received conventional therapy, and the observation group received ulinastatin combined with conventional therapy. The differences in inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in serum were measured before treatment and 10 d after treatment. Results:Before treatment, differences in serum levels of inflammatory response indexes and oxidative stress indexes were not statistically significant between the two groups. After treatment, serum IL-2, IL-6, PCT, HMGB1, CRP, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, MDA, AOPP and ROS levels of both groups of patients were lower than those before treatment while SOD, T-AOC, GSH-Px and LHP levels were higher than those before treatment, and serum IL-2, IL-6, PCT, HMGB1, CRP, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, MDA, AOPP and ROS levels of observation group were lower than those of control group while SOD, T-AOC, GSH-Px and LHP levels were higher than those of control group. Conclusion: Ulinastatin combined with anti-infective therapy can effectively reduce the systemic inflammatory response and oxidative stress response and optimize the overall condition in patients with acute severe pneumonia.

Effect of ulinastatin combined with CRRT therapy on the endothelial oxidative damage and inflammatory injury in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Objective:To study the effect of ulinastatin combined with CRRT therapy on the endothelial oxidative damage and inflammatory injury in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods: A total of 60 patients with ARDS who were treated in our hospital between April 2011 and April 2016 were collected and divided into the control group (n=29) who received pure CRRT therapy and the combined treatment group (n=31) who received ulinastatin combined with CRRT therapy after the therapy and related laboratory examination were reviewed. Before treatment and after 5d of treatment, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of endothelial function indexes and inflammation indexes in serum and exhaled breath condensate;RIA method was used to detect the levels of oxidative stress indexes in serum and exhaled breath condensate.Results: Before treatment, the differences in the endothelial function, oxidative stress and inflammation indexes in serum and exhaled breath condensate were not statistically significant between two groups of patients. After treatment, endothelial function index NO levels in serum and exhaled breath condensate of observation group were higher than those of control group while ET-1 levels were lower than those of control group;oxidative stress indexes CAT and SOD levels in serum and exhaled breath condensate of observation group were higher than those of control group while MAO levels were lower than those of control group;inflammation indexes PCT, IL-1β and HMGB1 levels in serum and exhaled breath condensate of observation group were lower than those of control group.Conclusion: Ulinastatin combined with CRRT therapy can improve the endothelial function and reduce the oxidative stress and inflammatory injury in patients with ARDS.

Effect of ulinastatin on vasoactive substances, oxidative stress and inflammatory response in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD

Objective:To study the effect of ulinastatin on vasoactive substances, oxidative stress and inflammatory response in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD.Methods:Patients with acute exacerbation of COPD who were treated in Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital between August 2013 and July 2016 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into ulinastatin group and normal control group who received ulinastatin combined with conventional therapy and conventional therapy respectively. The serum contents of vasoactive substances, stress response hormones, oxidative stress products and inflammatory response mediators were detected before treatment and 7 d after treatment.Results: 7 d after treatment, serum D-D, AT-II, pro-BNP, ACTH, FC, NE, MDA, 8-iso-PG, HSP27, HSP70, PCT, CRP, CCL18 and MSP contents of both groups of patients were significantly lower than those before treatment while TT3 and TT4 contents were significantly higher than those before treatment;serum D-D, AT-II, pro-BNP, ACTH, FC, NE, MDA, 8-iso-PG, HSP27, HSP70, PCT, CRP, CCL18 and MSP contents of ulinastatin group 7 d after treatment were significantly lower than those of normal control group while TT3 and TT4 contents were significantly higher than those of normal control group.Conclusion:Ulinastatin therapy can correct the disturbance of vasoactive substances, and inhibit the oxidative stress and inflammatory response in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD.

ABI、baPWV、UT指标与下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的相关性及在手术疗效评估中的应用价值

目的探讨ABI、baPWV、UT指标与下肢动脉闭塞症(arteriosclerosisobliterans,ASO)的关系,并研究其在手术疗效评估中的作用。方法选择2020年1月—2022年1月本院收治的94例ASO患者作为观察组,另选取同期体检健康人员30名作为对照组。所有研究对象均具备完整临床资料及影像学检查资料。观察组患者均接受药物球囊扩张术或动脉内支架植入术指征治疗。结果术前观察组ABI值、baPWV、UT指标与对照组比较存在明显差异(P<0.05),但术后3个月、术后6个月时观察组ABI值、baPWV、UT较术前明显改善(P<0.05),且术后3个月、术后6个月时观察组ABI值、baPWV、UT与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6个月时对观察组患者手术治疗效果进行评价,其中治疗显效39例,有效48例,无效7例,按不同疗效分类患者术前、术后3个月、术后6个月时ABI、baPWV、UT参数比较均存在明显差异(P<0.05)。结论下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者由于血管的病理改变导致其ABI、baPWV、UT指标存在异常变化,而通过外周血管功能检测ABI、baPWV、UT指标不仅能够明确下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者术前病情,同时有利于术后疗效的动态评估,对指导术后康复以及跟进治疗等均具有重要意义。

Effects of ulinastatin combined with dexmedetomidine on cognitive dysfunction and emergence agitation in elderly patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty

BACKGROUND With the continuous growth of the modern elderly population,the risk of fracture increases.Hip fracture is a common type of fracture in older people.Total hip arthroplasty(THA)has significant advantages in relieving chronic pain and promoting the recovery of hip joint function.AIM To investigate the effect of ulinastatin combined with dexmedetomidine(Dex)on the incidences of postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)and emergence agitation in elderly patients who underwent THA.METHODS A total of 397 patients who underwent THA from February 2019 to August 2022.We conducted a three-year retrospective cohort study in Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital.Comprehensive demographic data were obtained from the electronic medical record system.We collected preoperative,intraoperative,and postoperative data.One hundred twenty-nine patients who were administered Dex during the operation were included in the Dex group.One hundred fifty patients who were intravenously injected with ulinastatin 15 min before anesthesia induction were included in the ulinastatin group.One hundred eighteen patients who were administered ulinastatin combined with Dex during the operation were included in the Dex+ulinastatin group.The patients’perioperative conditions,hemodynamic indexes,postoperative Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)scores,Ramsay score,incidence of POCD,and serum inflammatory cytokines were evaluated.RESULTS There was a significant difference in the 24 h visual analogue scale score among the three groups,and the score in the Dex+ulinastatin group was the lowest(P<0.05).Compared with the Dex and ulinastatin group,the MMSE scores of the Dex+ulinastatin group were significantly increased at 1 and 7 d after the operation(all P<0.05).Compared with those in the Dex and ulinastatin groups,incidence of POCD,levels of serum inflammatory cytokines in the Dex+ulinastatin group were significantly decreased at 1 and 7 d after the operation(all P<0.05).The observer’s assessment of the alertness/sedation score and Ramsay score of the Dex+ulinastatin group were significantly different from those of the Dex and ulinastatin groups on the first day after the operation(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION Ulinastatin combined with Dex can prevent the occurrence of POCD and emergence agitation in elderly patients undergoing THA.

Improved LS+MAR hybrid method to UT1-UTC ultra-short-term prediction by using first-order-difference UT1-UTC

Accurate ultra-short-term prediction of the Earth rotation parameters(ERP)holds paramount impor-tance for real-time applications,particularly in reference frame conversion.Among them,diurnal rota-tion(UT1-UTC)which cannot be directly estimated through Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)techniques,significantly affects the rapid and ultra-rapid orbit determination of GNsS satellites.Pres-ently,the traditional LS(least squares)+AR(autoregressive)and LS+MAR(multivariate autoregressive)hybrid methods stand as primary approaches for UT1-UTC ultra-short-term predictions(1-10 days).The LS+MAR hybrid method relies on the UT1-UTC and LOD(length of day)series.However,the correlation between LOD and first-order-difference UT1-UTC is stronger than that between LOD and UT1-UTC.In light of this,and with the aid of the first-order-difference UT1-UTC,we propose an enhanced LS+MAR hybrid method to UT1-UTC ultra-short-term prediction.By using the UT1-UTC and LOD data series of the IERS(International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service)EOP 14 C04 product,we conducted a thorough analysis and evaluation of the improved method's prediction performance compared to the traditional LS+AR and LS+MAR hybrid methods.According to the numerical results over more than 210 days,they demonstrate that,when considering the correlation information between the LoD and the first-order-difference UT1-UTC,the mean absolute errors(MAEs)of the improved LS+MAR hybrid method range from 21 to 934μs in 1-10 days predictions.In comparison to the traditional LS+AR hybrid method,the MAEs show a reduction of 7-53μs in 1-10 days predictions,with corresponding improvement percentages ranging from 1 to 28%.Similarly,when compared to the traditional LS+MAR hybrid method,the MAEs have a reduction of 5-42μs in 1-10 days predictions,with corresponding improvement percentages ranging from 4-20%.Additionally,when aided by GNSS-derived LOD data series,the MAEs of improved LS+MAR hybrid method experience further reduction.

叶片UT检测用扫查架的开发及应用

随着风电叶片的不断升级,叶片的安全系数逐渐降低,使客户对叶片各项工艺要求更严格。风电叶片成型后,使用UT扫描设备检测主梁腹板的粘接和灌注质量,以保证叶片后期的高性能作业。在UT检测过程中,员工使用“C扫”支架将检测探头贴合在叶片外侧,由2名员工手抬检测探头,实现支架转移。整个过程由1人操作设备,1人在叶片表面刷涂检测液,2人进行设备搬运转移,存在人员浪费问题。本文介绍了一种叶片UT检测用的扫查架及其与常规检测方法相比的优势,验证了该技术的应用价值。实践表明,与常规检测方法相比,该技术可优化2名操作人员,实现2人操作,并且其检测的有效性均能满足性能要求,具有较高工程应用价值。

Influence of gut microbiome composition on effect variations of anti-cholesterol treatment among individual mice

This study investigated if the variation in the effect of anti-cholesterol(AC)treatment on individual mice are related to gut microbiome composition.The bile salt hydrolase(BSH)activity of 23 commercial fermented milk products was examined to select a fermented milk product for AC treatment.Mice were fed to different diets for 6 weeks:high-fat(60%of total calories from fat;D1),high-dietary fibre(20%cellulose;D2),and low-fat(17.2%of total calories from fat;D3)diets to change their gut microbiomes.Subsequently,faecal microbiome was transplanted(FMT)into mice treated with high cholesterol diet contained 2%cholesterol,followed by AC or non-AC(sterile tap water,STW)treatments.Control groups with normal(NC)and highcholesterol diets(PC)were prepared for both AC and STW treatment.All experimental groups were subjected to serum and liver cholesterol,cholesterol metabolism-related(CMR)gene expression,and intestinal microbiome analyses.D3-FMT mice showed the most significant enhancements in cholesterol ratio and decreased hepatic cholesterol levels with AC treatment.Moreover,upregulation of the Cyp7a1 gene expression was observed in this group.Furthermore,the intestinal microbiome analysis indicated higher abundances of BSH-producing Eubacterium,Bifidobacterium,and Parabacteroides in the D3-FMT+AC group compare to others,potentially contributing to increased bile acid synthesis.

Efficacy and safety of ulinastatin in the treatment of septic shock:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Septic shock is a common systemic inflammatory response syndrome for critical patients in the intensive care unit.Ulinastatin is currently used for the treatment of septic shock.Our study sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ulinastatin in the treatment of septic shock patients.Methods:Three English databases(Embase,Medline,and Cochrane Library)and four Chinese databases(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang data,SinoMed,and VIP)were searched for published randomized controlled trials.Stata 16.0 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis.Results:A total of 48 articles were included(Chinese article 47,1 in English).The results show that the treatment of ulinastatin could reduce mortality(risk ratio=0.63,95%confidence interval(CI)(0.55,0.72)),multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(risk ratio=0.6,95%CI(0.53,0.68)),length of intensive care unit stay(mean difference(MD)=-3.92,95%CI(-4.65,-3.18)),length of hospital stay(MD=-4.39,95%CI(-6.63,-2.15))and decrease Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score(MD=-4.55,95%CI(-5.63,-3.47))and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score(MD=-2.02,95%CI(-2.59,-1.44))with P<0.001.Moreover,it lowers TNF-α(standardized mean difference(SMD)=-1.78,95%CI(-2.24,-1.32)),Interleukin-6(SMD=-1.17,95%CI(-1.55,-0.8)),C reactive protein(SMD=-1.49,95%CI(-1.99,-0.99)),hypersensitive C-reactive protein(SMD=-1.9,95%CI(-2.87,-0.94))and procalcitonin(SMD=-0.89,95%CI(-1.12,-0.67))levels in the body.Conclusions:Available evidence shows that ulinastatin reduces case mortality rate,multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,length of intensive care unit stay,and length of hospital stay and decreases Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score.Moreover,it also lowers TNF-α,Interleukin-6,C reactive protein,hypersensitive C-reactive protein,and procalcitonin levels in the body.

核电蒸发器焊缝UT检测“根部反射回波”分析

对于缺陷性质的判定,国内外标准都有提到,主要分为五大类:裂纹、未熔合、未焊透、气孔、夹渣。其中裂纹、未焊透、未熔合为面状缺陷,存在扩张危险,不论缺陷的长度,往往此类缺陷均不能被接受;气孔、夹渣为体积型显示,往往参考其回波幅值和/或缺陷长度是否超过规定限值才会判定其合格与否。发现缺陷后准确的对缺陷进行性质判定,显得尤为的重要。文章通过两台蒸发器现场生产过程中主承压焊缝超声检测时遇到的类似波形,通过信号幅值对比,波形动态静态波形的观察,进行数据记录,并以及将缺陷挖开返修看到缺陷后的小结。方向是:为焊缝根部信号缺陷定性时提供一个“端角反射”方面思路的参考。

Sq外源和内源电流体系的经度效应和UT变化

根据ＩＧＹ／ＩＧＣ期间全球地磁台网以及中国地磁台站的资料，计算出每－ＵＴ小时的Ｓｑ外源和内源电流体系．对Ｓｑ电流体系ＵＴ变化和经度效应的分析研究表明，Ｓｑ外源电流体系的空间图案没有显著的ＵＴ变化，电流涡焦点的地理纬度与磁赤道有密切关系，其变化范围，北半球为２５°－３５°Ｎ，南半球为３０°－４２．５°Ｓ．外源电流总强度的平均值为２２９ｋＡ（北半球）和１７３ｋＡ（南半球），其变化范围为±５０ｋＡ（北半球）和±４０ｋＡ（南半球）．Ｓｑ内源电流体系的图案和强度有显著的ＵＴ变化，电流体系焦点纬度有类似于外源电流系的变化．在大西洋、印度洋、北太平洋地区，内源电流体系的总强度明显小于大陆地区的内源电流强度，表明这些大洋地区上地幔电导率低于大陆地区．

地磁场S_q的经度效应和UT变化

使用国际地球物理年（ＩＧＹ）和国际地球物理合作年（ＩＧＣ）期间全球地磁台网的资料和中国台站的同期地磁记录，对地磁场太阳日变化Ｓｑ的经度效应和ＵＴ变化进行了分析研究．将适用于瞬时全球磁场的球谐分析法与适用于平均场的双调和分析法相结合，提出了一种分析Ｓｑ磁场的新方案，得到了（θ，Ｔ，ｔ）坐标系中组成Ｓｑ场的三个部分，即仅随地方时ＬＴ变化的部分ＳＬＴ，仅随世界时ＵＴ变化的部分ＳＵＴ以及既随ＬＴ变化又随ＵＴ变化的部分ＳＬＵＴ．从全球来看，在ＩＧＹ／ＩＧＣ期间，这三部分的强度之比分别为：Ｘ分量１．０：０．２：０．３，ｙ分量１．０：０．１：０．６，Ｚ分量１．０：０．４：１．０．Ｓｑ的经度效应和ＵＴ变化虽然表现了同一物理过程，但它们有不同的表达形式，其决定因素是地磁轴对地理轴的倾斜，地磁场的非偶极子成分（即区域性异常）和地球内部电性的横向不均匀性（包括海陆分布、地壳上地幔电导率的区域差异）

S_q发电机电流的UT变异性及其地面磁场的重建

本文用不同经度的7对中低纬台站水平磁场分量H,求得1965年随世界时(UT)变化的S_q指数(一种描述S_q电离层发电机电流强度的地磁指数).结果表明,S_q发电机电流不仅有显著的逐日变化,而且有很大的UT变化.UT变化主要表现在电流总强度的强弱和电流涡焦点纬度移动两方面,这意味着决定发电机过程的太阳潮汐风场和电离层电导率随UT而变.用求得的S_q指数重新构造出的S_q变化与观测值符合得较好,它不仅显示出S_q幅度逐日变化的特点,而且还能复现出S_q形态的某些逐日变异性.