Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Water Flow with Air Injection in Polyethylene Tube Placed over Metal Rods: Influence of Pitch Length and Tube Width

A polyethylene tube can be used as a heat exchanger for a low-running-cost?temperature control system. In this system, the flow of temperature-controlled?water in the tube is used as the heat source, and the tube is placed on the ceiling of a temperature-controlled space using a metal net. Owing to this structure, the tube is deformed by its weight. This deformation has a significant influence on heat transfer and flow characteristics. Therefore, an air injection method, in which air and water are injected simultaneously into the tube, is developed for preventing the deformation of the tube. In this study, bedding metal rods were used instead of a metal net. The influence of the pitch length of the metal rods (5 - 15 cm) and the width of the polyethylene tube 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 cm was examined experimentally. The length of the polyethylene tube was 178 cm. The air flow rate was 9.5 × 10-5 m3/s. The water flow rates were 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 mL/min. Results show that the thermal response improved because of air injection. In particular, the temperature at steady state increased, and steady state was attained approximately 1.2 - 3 times faster with air injection than without air injection. The optimum pitch length of the metal rods and the range of the optimum width of the polyethylene tube were 8 cm and 20 - 25 cm, respectively, with and without air injection.

Research on the Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Water-Cooling Plate in a Heat Dissipation System

The water-cooling heat dissipation technology can solve the heat dissipation and noise problems of the calculation plate.Therefore,the structural design of the water-cooling plate directly affects its flow and heat transfer characteristics,which restricts the promotion and application of the technology.To this end,the water-cooling plate of a heat dissipation system was taken as the research object,and its flow and heat transfer characteristics were numerical simulated and experimental studied.Through comparative analysis,the rationality of the numerical simulation method was verified.Based on this,three improved schemes of water-cooling plate structure were proposed and numerical simulation was carried out,and the optimal model was verified by experiments.The results of the study show that compared with the original water-cooling plate,the optimized water-cooling plate has increased internal flow velocity and distributes uniformly,increased heat transfer amount by 4.2%,and the average temperature of the calculation plate decreased by 5.3%.

Research on Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics Inside Spiral Pile-honeycomb Structures with Different Shapes

Spiral plate heat exchanger is a traditional compact heat exchanger,and widely used in the occasion of the high heat transfer capacity requirements,such as waste heat recovery. In the situation of energy shortage and rapid development of heat transfer technology^([1-3]),cylindrical,elliptical and rhombic spiral pile-honeycomb heat transfer models are established^([4-5]). The internal flow and heat transfer are simulated by using CFD software FLUENT15. 0 and RNG k-ε turbulent model,and then the three models are analyzed. The results show that the secondary flow and vortex are induced again in the secondary honeycomb,which further increases the turbulence intensity of the fluid. The thickness of the boundary layer is reduced twice,and the heat transfer effect is better than that of the honeycomb spiral structure. The spiral pile-honeycomb model for the rhombus is better than the models of cylinder and ellipse in heat transfer performance.

The Effect of the Gap Ratio on the Flow and Heat Transfer over a Bluff Body in Near-Wall Conditions

In order to study the effect of different gap ratios on the thermofluid-dynamic field around a bluff body located in proximity to a heated wall,a series of experiments and numerical simulations have been conducted.The former were carried out using an open circulating water tank experimental platform and a single cylinder and square column as geometrical models(their characteristic length being D).The latter were based on the well-known SIMPLE algorithm for incompressible flow.The results show that the gap ratio is an important factor affecting the wake characteristics of near-wall bluff bodies.When the gap ratio is small,the influence of the wall on the bluff body wake is large.With an increase in the gap extension,periodic vortex shedding is enabled and heat transfer is strengthened accordingly;in addition,the vortex shedding period is larger for the square column.The square column displays hysteresis compared with the cylinder at the same gap ratio(the critical gap ratio of cylinder is 0.2~0.4,while that of square column is 0.4
0.6).

Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics and Delayed Dry-Out Ability of Non-Azeotropic Mixtures R245fa/R134a in Microchannels

Microchannel flow boiling heat transfer has the advantages of strong heat dissipation capacity,good temperature uniformity,and compact structure.It is an excellent way to thermally manage electronic devices,but when the heat flux exceeds CHF(Critical Heat Flux),the heat transfer performance deteriorates as the working fluid dries out.Non-azeotropic mixtures have the potential to effectively delay or avoid dry-out during the boiling process due to their temperature slide characteristics which causes the mass transfer resistance.To understand the influence of non-azeotropic mixtures on microchannel flow boiling,using the phase-change microchannel heat sink as the research object,the experiments on the flow boiling heat transfer performance of R245fa/R134a mixtures under different working conditions were carried out,and the characteristics of flow boiling heat transfer were obtained under the different working conditions,and comparison was developed with those of pure substance R245fa.The results demonstrated that a small amount of low-boiling-point components in the high-boiling-point working fluid inhibited boiling heat transfer to some extent,and lowered the average heat transfer coefficient under the non-dryout condition slightly lower than that of the pure substance;however,it also effectively delayed the onset of local dry-out and prevented significant deterioration in thermal transfer performance under the lower mass flow rate and higher heat flux,which could enhance the heat sink's stability.

Effect of End Shape on Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Two Parallel Plates

Flow around a pair of flat plates is a basic hydrodynamics problem.In this paper,the flow and heat transfer characteristics of two parallel plates with different edge shapes are numerically calculated.Under different inclined angles,the influence of chamfered and rounded structures with different sizes at the end-edge on unsteady flow and heat transfer characteristics of two parallel plates are analyzed.It is found that the instability and unsteadiness of flow decrease with the increase of end-edge size,and the non-uniformity of wake velocity of both rounded and chamfered plates decreases gradually.The non-uniformity of wake temperature increases firstly and then decreases at a small inclined angle,and the amplitude becomes the largest when S_(rou)(S_(cha))=3,while it basically keeps monotonically increasing at a large inclined angle.Moreover,the global heat transfer performance of the flat plate is obviously affected by the end-edge modification,especially the chamfered structure.With the increase of chamfered size,the global Nusselt number basically shows the decreasing trend.This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of plate-shape structure in engineering fields.

CFD Analysis of Fluid-Dynamic and Heat Transfer Effects Generated by a Fixed Electricity Transmission Line Interacting with an External Wind

The flow past a fixed single transmission conductor and the related heat transfer characteristics are investigated using computational fluid dynamics and a relevant turbulence model.After validating the method through comparison with relevant results in the literature,this thermofluid-dynamic problem is addressed considering different working conditions.It is shown that the resistance coefficient depends on the Reynolds number.As expected,the Nusselt number is also affected by Reynolds number.In particular,the Nusselt number under constant heat flux is always greater than that under a constant wall temperature.

Experiment on Effect of Tip Clearance Leakage Flow on Heat Transfer of Turbine Outer Ring

The cascade model was tested using transient liquid crystal temperature measurement technology.The effects of main flow Reynolds number,blowing ratio and tip clearance height on the convective heat transfer coefficient of the turbine outer ring were studied.Two feature lines were marked on the turbine outer ring corresponding to the position of the blade.The conclusions are as follows:The tip clearance leakage flow has a great influence on the convective heat transfer coefficient of the turbine outer ring.When the clearance height and the blowing ratio are kept constant,gradually increasing the main flow Reynolds number will result in an increase in the convective heat transfer coefficient of the turbine outer ring.When the clearance height and the main flow Reynolds number are kept constant and the blowing ratio is gradually increased,the convective heat transfer coefficient of the turbine outer ring is almost constant.The heat transfer coefficient of the turbine outer ring surface is little affected by the blowing ratio;The clearance height has great influence on the heat transfer characteristics of the turbine outer ring.Under the typical working condition in this paper,when the tip clearance height ratio is 1.6%,the convective heat transfer coefficient of the outer surface of the turbine is the highest.

池式钠冷快堆复杂空间内流动与传热特性三维数值模拟研究综述

钠冷快堆是第四代先进核能系统的重要堆型之一。池式钠冷快堆安全裕量大,但结构较为复杂,其堆内一回路循环流动呈多尺度、复杂空间、多路径、三维流动等特点,给池式钠冷快堆计算与实验带来一定困难。近年来,计算流体力学(CFD)的快速发展为解决上述问题提供了重要技术路径,本文对池式钠冷快堆复杂空间内流动与传热特性三维数值模拟研究进行综述。对于全堆一体化整体计算,获取池式钠冷快堆典型对称/非对称工况下的三维温度场分布及关键热工参数瞬态变化,评价其余热排出能力;对于局部部件或区域精细化计算,获取局部三维流动与传热特征参数,也为全堆一体化计算提供关键输入。相关研究为池式钠冷快堆安全稳定运行及设计优化提供重要支撑。

切向进气结构对径向流甲醇合成反应器传热特性影响研究

为探究切向进气结构对径向流甲醇合成反应器内催化床层传热特性的影响,通过改变径向流甲醇合成反应器内外分布筒体开孔角度,将混合气入口处普通进气方式改为切向进气,建立了θ=0°、15°、30°、45°的切向进气径向流甲醇合成反应器结构,并采用CFD软件对各角度下反应器温度场进行模拟计算。研究表明,合理的切向角度下的切向进气结构可以提高反应器内流体的混合程度,增加反应物的接触面积,增强传热,不仅能提高反应器温度分布的均匀性,还提高了反应效率和产物收率。研究发现,当θ=30°时反应器内温度场分布最为均匀。

The flow and heat transfer characteristics of mixed convection

Mixed convection is of interest and importance in a wide variety of engineeringapplication.However,much of the effort in the past was concerned with laminar flow insimple configurations and geometries in order to obtain the convection mixed heat transfercriterional equation.Much of the research work has directed delineating the forced,mixedand free convection transport regimes.In this note,the parameters that

竖直多波纹板式换热器内R134a的流动沸腾实验研究

针对竖直多波纹板片内R134a的流动沸腾进行实验研究,采用高速相机捕捉并分析两相流型的衍变规律,分析干度对换热系数、压降的影响。结果表明:板片内部的汽液相于其所处平面沿水平方向存在交替分布特征;随着干度上升,板片左上角部分流域出现相对停滞的液膜区,其面积随着干度的增加而扩大;波纹板片内的主导换热机制由核态沸腾逐渐转变为对流沸腾。当干度x较低时(x<0.4),换热系数随干度的增加缓慢增加;随后换热系数随干度的上升速率加快(0.4<x<0.6),并于x=0.6时达到最大值;高干度时(x>0.7),板片内出现局部干涸现象,换热系数迅速下降。当质量通量相同时,板片的摩擦压降随干度的增加而增加,而饱和压力的上升会使得摩擦压降有所降低,最大降幅为20.4%。

微通道中一类生物流体在高Zeta势下的电渗流及传热特性

在高壁面Zeta势下,研究滑移边界条件下满足牛顿流体模型的一类生物流体的电渗流动及传热特性,流体在外加电场、磁场和焦耳加热共同作用下流动.首先,在不使用Debye-Hückel线性近似条件时,利用切比雪夫谱方法给出非线性Poisson-Boltzmann方程和流函数满足的四阶微分方程及热能方程的数值解,将所得结果与利用Debye-Hückel线性近似所得结果进行比较,证明本文数值方法的有效性.其次,讨论电磁环境下壁面Zeta势、哈特曼数H、电渗参数m、滑移参数β对流动特性、泵送特性和捕获现象的影响,并探究焦耳加热参数γ和布林克曼数Br等参数对传热特性的影响.结果表明,壁面Zeta势、电渗参数m、滑移参数β的增大对流体速度有促进作用,而哈特曼数H的增大会抵抗流体流动.研究进一步表明,焦耳加热参数γ和布林克曼数Br的增大会导致温度升高.

蒸汽加热垂直矩形窄通道内流型与局部换热特性研究

为了明确竖直矩形窄通道内各阶段流动沸腾的换热特性,优化换热器性能,以去离子水为工质,对尺寸为1400 mm×250 mm×2.75 mm(高×宽×深)的蒸汽加热垂直矩形窄通道内流动沸腾流型与局部换热特性进行实验研究。将由实验数据得到的流型图与不同加热条件下的现有流型图进行了对比分析。结合流型变化分析了进口温度、质流密度、加热功率对局部换热特性的影响,并基于对实验数据的参数分析,得到适用于该实验工况下的新流动沸腾传热关联式。结果表明:入口温度的升高对提升核态沸腾段的换热有积极作用,而在进入搅拌流阶段后,其对局部传热系数的影响很小;质流密度增加会降低核态沸腾阶段的局部传热系数,提升液膜流动蒸发区的局部传热系数;随着加热功率的增加,局部传热系数的峰值呈现左移的趋势;新的传热关联式能很好地预测该实验工况下蒸汽加热垂直矩形窄通道内流动沸腾的局部传热系数。

燃气透平榫头/榫槽装配间隙流动与换热特性研究

为精确设计燃气轮机二次空气系统,针对燃气透平动叶榫头/榫槽间隙内的流动与换热问题开展研究。以燃气透平动叶榫头/榫槽配合面S形间隙结构为研究对象,试验研究了榫头/榫槽装配间隙内的流阻与换热特性,并数值分析了其详细流动结构。首先,采用压力扫描阀和热色液晶测温技术测量了榫头/榫槽内的流阻和努塞尔数分布。然后,利用试验结果对所采用的数值计算方法进行了考核,并进行了网格无关性验证。最后,详细分析了5种雷诺数、5种结构参数榫头/榫槽高度及5种间隙宽度下榫头/榫槽装配间隙结构内部流动与换热特性。结果表明:在试验测量范围内,左侧壁面的平均努塞尔数始终比右侧高10%左右;随着雷诺数的增大,榫头/榫槽装配间隙的阻力损失系数和换热强度均逐渐增大,当雷诺数从15000增大到35000时,平均阻力系数增大了2倍,两侧面整体平均努塞尔数均增大了1.1倍;随着榫头/榫槽装配间隙相对高度的增大,阻力损失系数及壁面努塞尔数均逐渐减小;随着榫头/榫槽装配间隙宽度的增大,试验范围内平均阻力系数增大了30.7%,左右两侧面平均努塞尔数分别增大了95.5%和94.9%。

油滴与高温固体壁面碰撞的流动与传热及飞溅特性

考虑油滴(油膜)/固体壁面接触角动态变化和油液热力学特征参数受温度影响,基于流体体积法建立了油滴与高温固体壁面碰撞的三维流动与传热数值计算模型,通过试验验证了数值计算模型的正确性。基于数值计算模型,分析了油滴碰撞高温固体壁面后的流动与传热及飞溅特性,以试验和数值计算结果为基础,建立了描述油膜铺展/飞溅临界判据。结果表明:油滴碰撞高温固体壁面后的状态与碰撞条件有关,破碎、飞溅有利于油膜的铺展流动;二次油滴是油膜边缘破碎产生的油带断裂而成,大直径二次油滴分裂为小直径油滴;随油膜铺展进程,壁面平均热流密度增大,而油膜的径向热流密度则逐渐减小;增大碰撞速度、油滴直径和润滑油温度,有利于油膜的破碎与飞溅,二次油滴数量和下飞溅角均随之增大。

含肋柱微通道换热器内纳米氧化铝流体流动传热特性研究

陶瓷工业的节能降碳对于环境保护和可持续发展具有重要意义,而余热回收是实现节能降碳的有效途径,为了提升陶瓷窑炉中烟气余热的回收效率,研究将纳米陶瓷氧化铝粉和水组成的Al_(2)O_(3)-水纳米陶瓷流体与肋柱结合来协同强化微通道换热器换热性能。采用了非正交多松弛(MRT)格子玻尔兹曼方法(LBM)研究了含肋柱的微通道内Al_(2)O_(3)-水纳米陶瓷流体的流动传热特性,并通过与前人相关工作结果进行对比验证了该模型的准确性与可靠性。具体研究了在肋柱换热总面积不变的情况下,不同肋柱高度hi以及纳米颗粒体积分数φ对微通道流动传热特性的影响。研究结果表明,与平直流道相比,肋柱的加入显著增强了微通道的换热性能。此外,随着φ增大,微通道换热性能增强。在肋柱换热总面积不变的情况下,随着hi的增大,微通道换热性能逐渐减弱,当hi为0.3125时热性能因数TPF最大,综合传热性能与压力损失的表现最好。虽然添加肋柱使得微通道传热性能得到提升,但综合压力损失与传热性能却小于平直表面。研究结果能对微通道换热器内的结构设计与优化提供一定参考。

通孔型泡沫金属用于换热器的研究综述与展望

考虑到通孔型泡沫金属具有流通性强、导热性好、可塑性强,以及良好的吸音性、支撑性、轻量性等特性,将泡沫材料填充于换热单元和热源之间空隙的做法,被广泛地应用于换热设备。为了充分研究和深入开发利用通孔型泡沫金属在换热器中的潜在价值,对国内、外应用泡沫金属在换热器中的理论研究、数值研究及实验研究进行概述;鉴于固体导热性、流体传热性以及流体流动性是换热器中必须考虑且兼顾的3个特性,系统地梳理了胞体模型参数、介质流速、介质压降、对流换热系数等关键参数的协同关系;分析了泡沫金属胞体建模以及填充于换热器中的布置形式;用综合性能指标评价了泡沫金属传热与压降的关系式;提出了未来进一步研究的方向和建议。

Influence of liquid film shape on evaporation performance of agitated thin film evaporator

The agitated thin film evaporator(ATFE),which is known for its high efficiency,force the material to form a film through the scraping process of a scraper,followed by evaporation and purification.The complex shape of the liquid film inside the evaporator can significantly affect its evaporation capability.This work explores how change in shape of the liquid films affect the evaporation of the materials with non-Newtonian characteristics,achieved by changing the structure of the scraper.Examining the distribution of circumferential temperature,viscosity,and mass transfer of the flat liquid film shows that the film evaporates rapidly in shear-thinning region.Various wavy liquid films are developed by using shear-thinning theory,emphasizing the flow condition in the thinning area and the factors contributing to the exceptional evaporation capability.Further exploration is conducted on the spread patterns of the wavy liquid film and flat liquid film on the evaporation wall throughout the process.It is noted that breaking the wavy liquid film on the evaporating wall during evaporation is challenging due to its film-forming condition.For which the fundamental causes are demonstrated by acquiring the data regarding the flow rate and temperature of the liquid film.The definitive findings of the analysis reveal a significant improvement in the evaporation capability of the wavy liquid film.This enhancement is attributed to increasing the shear-thinning areas and maintaining the overall shape of the film throughout the entire evaporation process.

喷嘴布置对提升管内气-固流动特性及传热传质的影响

催化裂化提升管内良好的相间传热与传质、气-固流动特性可为催化裂化装置提供有利的反应环境。以某炼油厂1.80 Mt a催化裂化装置的提升管为模型,通过数值模拟方法研究了4种不同喷嘴布置对提升管内气-固流动特性及传热传质的影响。模拟结果显示:喷嘴数量为8、喷嘴倾角为30°的布置(布置B)下提升管内催化剂固含率分布和原料油的油气分布均优于其他布置;提升管内相间传热非常迅速,4种喷嘴布置下气-液-固三相温度场分布几乎一致,其中布置B下原料油雾滴分布相对较为均匀。通过对原料油雾滴蒸发情况进行评估,发现布置B具有最好的蒸发效果,有利于催化裂化反应的进行和改善产品分布。