Ultra-wideband bilateral tapered slot-line antenna fed by coplanar waveguide

In order to broaden the bandwidth of a tapered slot- line antenna （TSA）, a bilateral tapered slot-line antenna （BTSA） with a new feeding structure of coplanar waveguide （CPW） is developed. Based on the fact that the bandwidth limitation of TSA mainly depends on its feeding structure, an improved CPW-based feed structure etched on the backboard of the BTSA is adopted to perform traveling-wave transition. Both the simulation results and measurement data verify that the proposed feeding structure results in ＂high-pass＂ frequency response for antenna impedance matching. The voltage standing wave ratio （VSWR） is less than 2：1 when the frequency is higher than 3 GHz. The antenna gain exceeds 7 dBi with good radiation patterns when the bandwidth is from 4 to 16 GHz. This ultra wideband （UWB） antenna with a compact size is specially available for the electronic systems of counter-measure and microwave imaging.

基于时频域特征融合的IR-UWB穿墙雷达人体行为识别方法

冲激脉冲(impulse radio,IR)超宽带(ultra-wideband,UWB)穿墙雷达因其良好的穿透性和距离分辨率在穿墙人体行为识别领域具有重要作用,但是常规识别方法仅采用单域特征对行为模式进行描述,识别准确率不高。针对这一问题,提出基于时频域特征融合的IR-UWB穿墙雷达人体行为识别算法。首先,通过杂波抑制及距离补偿方法获取高信噪比的人体行为距离像。其次,基于距离像提取目标时域特征,与频域特征进行融合,构建数据集。最后,基于支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)算法对人体行为进行识别。实验结果表明,所提算法对于IR-UWB穿墙雷达人体行为识别能够达到95%的准确率。

A Novel Ultra-Wideband Monopole Antenna with Band-Stop Characteristic

In this letter, a simple monopole antenna with variable band-notched characteristic for ultra wide band (UWB) function is proposed. Two L-shaped quarter-waveguide resonators coupled to the ground plane with two shorting tracks at the sides of the antenna are used to generate stop-band performance around 5.5 GHz (WLAN). The proposed antenna is fabricated on the substrate FR4 (relative permittivity of 4.7) and has a compact size of 16 × 28.5 × 1.6 mm. The designed antenna has a good impedance matching in 3.1 - 11.4 GHz frequency range with VSWR < 2, except the band 5 - 5.85 GHz.

3 - 10 GHz Ultra-Wideband Low-Noise Amplifier Using Inductive-Series Peaking Technique with Cascode Common-Source Circuit

The objective of this paper is to investigate a ultra-wideband (UWB) low noise amplifier (LNA) by utilizing a two-stage cascade circuit schematic associated with inductive-series peaking technique, which can improve the bandwidth in the 3-10 GHz microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC). The proposed UWB LNA amplifier was implemented with both co-planer waveguide (CPW) layout and 0.15-μm GaAs D-mode pHEMT technology. Based on those technologies, this proposed UWB LNA with a chip size of 1.5 mm x 1.4 mm, obtained a flatness gain 3-dB bandwidth of 4 - 8 GHz, the constant gain of 4 dB, noise figure lower than 5 dB, and the return loss better than –8.5 dB. Based on our experimental results, the low noise amplifier using the inductive-series peaking technique can obtain a wider bandwidth, low power consumption and high flatness of gain in the 3 - 10 GHz. Finally, the overall LNA characterization exhibits ultra-wide bandwidth and low noise characterization, which illustrates that the proposed UWB LNA has a compact size and favorable RF characteristics. This UWB LNA circuit demonstrated the high RF characterization and could provide for the low noise micro-wave circuit applications.

Experimental Study of On-Body Radio Channel Performance of a Compact Ultra Wideband Antenna

In this paper, on-body radio channel performance of a compact ultra wideband (UWB) antenna is investigated for body-centric wireless communications. Measurement campaigns were first done in the chamber and then repeated in an indoor environment for comparison. The path loss parameter for eight different on-body radio channels has been characterized and analyzed. In addition, the path loss was modeled as a function of distance for 34 different receiver locations for propagation along the front part of the body. Results and analysis show that, compared with anechoic chamber, a reduction of 16.34% path loss exponent is noticed in indoor environment. The antenna shows very good on-body radio channel performance and will be a suitable candidate for future efficient and reliable body-centric wireless communications.

Ultra-Wideband Log Periodic Dipole Antenna (LPDA) for Wireless Communication Applications

This paper proposes a printed log-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) for ultra wide bandwidth (UWB) applications. The antenna comprises of cascading four U shaped elements of different line lengths with balun circuit to improve the antenna impedance matching. The proposed antenna dimensions are 50 × 50 mm2 with FR4 substrate thickness 0.8 mm. Full-wave EM solver HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) is used for modeling the proposed antenna. The pulse distortion is verified by the measured the proposed antenna performance with virtually steady group delay. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed antenna exhibits good impedance matching, stable radiation patterns throughout the whole operating frequency bands, acceptable gain and stable group delay over the entire operating band. An UWB extended from 1.85 GHz to 11 GHz is obtained, and the average antenna gain is about 5.5 dBi over the operating band with peak gain around 6.5 dBi and 70% average radiation efficiency.

Link Budget Design with Performance Evaluation of Tunable Impulse-Based Ultra Wideband to Support the Integration of Wireless Sensing and Identifications Infrastructures

Recently, many studies propose the use of ultra-wideband technology for passive and active radio frequency identification systems as well as for wireless sensor networks due to its numerous advantages. By harvesting these advantages of IR-UWB technology at the physical-layer design, this paper proposes that a cross layer architecture platform can be considered as a good integrator for different wireless short-ranges indoor protocols into a universal smart wireless-tagged architecture with new promising applications in cognitive radio for future applications. Adaptive transmission algorithms have been studied to show the trade-off between different specific QoS requirements, transmission rates and distances at the physical layer level and this type of dynamic optimization and reconfiguration leads to the cross-layer design proposal in the paper. Studies from both theoretical simulation and statistical indoor environments experiments are considered as a proof of concept for the proposed architecture.

Miniaturized Planar Ultra-Wideband Bandpass Filter with Notched Band

This paper presents a planar ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter with sharp out-of-band rejection performance. The filter is formed by a folded multiple-mode resonator to realize high performance in an operation band from 3.3 to 10 GHz with a very compact size of 20 mm × 20 mm × 0.5 mm. An extra notched band centered at 5.8 GHz is further accomplished by etching a Hilbert fractal curve slit on the filter without the necessity of readjusting the geometrical parameters. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement.

A NOVEL ULTRA WIDEBAND MONOPOLE ANTENNA WITH BAND-NOTCHED CHARACTERISTICS

A simple and compact microstrip-fed Ultra WideBand(UWB) printed monopole antenna with band-notched characteristic is proposed in this paper.The antenna is composed of a square ring with a small strip bar,so that the antenna occupies about 7.69 GHz bandwidth covering 3.11～10.8 GHz with expected band rejection from 5.12 GHz to 5.87 GHz.A quasi-omnidirectional and quasi-sym-metrical radiation pattern is also obtained.This kind of band-notched UWB antenna requires no ex-ternal filters and thus greatly simplifies the system design of UWB wireless communication.

Adaptive waveform design based on Morlet wavelet for ultra-wideband MIMO radar

For the issue of deterioration in detection performance caused by dynamically changing environment in ultra-wideband（UWB） multiple input multiple output（MIMO） radar, this paper proposes a novel adaptive waveform design which is aimed to improve the ability of discriminating target and clutter from the radar scene. Firstly, a sequence of Morlet wavelet pulses with frequency hopping and pulse position modulation by Welch-Costas array is designed. Then a waveform optimization solution is proposed which is achieved by applying the minimization mutual-information（MI） strategy. After that, with subsequent iterations of the algorithm, simulation results demonstrate that the optimal waveform design method brings an improvement in the target detection ability in the presence of noise and clutter.

码间干扰效应对I-UWB频谱效率的限制作用

对于脉冲超宽带(I-UWB)系统,随着传输速率的提高而增强的码间干扰致使误码率恶化,限制了可实现的最高速率,从而降低了频谱效率。作者分析了码间干扰对I-UWB频谱效率的限制作用。首先推导了I-UWB的码间干扰估算公式,然后仿真了在IEEE定义的4种信道模式下,随着传输速率的增加码间干扰对误码率的恶化作用。结果表明,如果要求未编码的误码率不高于千分之一,由于码间干扰效应,系统可实现的最大传输速率远小于传输带宽所允许的最大速率,当采用二阶高斯脉冲时最高频谱效率只有带宽的百分之几。

基于质心-Taylor的UWB室内定位算法研究

针对室内环境影响定位精度的非视距传播(non-line-of-sight,NLOS)问题,在对基于到达时间差(time differ-ence of arrival,TDOA)的超宽带(ultra wideband,UWB)室内定位模型和算法进行分析研究的基础上,提出了质心-Taylor混合定位算法。该算法利用对测距误差不敏感的质心算法对目标进行初始粗定位,然后将其作为Taylor级数展开法的迭代初值进行二次精细定位,并动态地将前期定位完毕的节点转化为后续定位过程的参考节点,最大限度地利用不断增加的已知信息,在提高Taylor初值质量的前提下减少预设参考节点数目,降低系统硬件成本。采用MATLAB软件进行了模拟仿真。仿真结果表明,该算法定位性能优越,尤其在NLOS测距误差较大的环境下能有效地提高系统的定位精度。

基于全质心-Taylor的UWB室内定位算法

针对室内环境下的非视距(NLOS)传播给定位精度造成较大误差的问题,通过对超宽带(UWB)定位模型进行分析,提出了一种基于全质心-Taylor的混合定位算法。采用对测距误差不敏感的全质心算法将锚点测距数据分组运算,获得目标节点的初始粗定位信息,采用质心修正算法对粗定位节点进行优化运算,从而确定Taylor级数展开初值,再进行迭代求解,进行第二次精细定位。实验结果表明:与Chan-Taylor算法、最小二乘估计(LSE)-Taylor算法相比,本文算法定位精度有明显提高。

面向室内行人的Range-only UWB/INS紧组合导航方法

为了提高室内行人组合导航系统的精度和灵活性,提出了一种Range-only超宽带(UWB)/惯性导航系统(INS)紧组合导航方法。该方法将锚点的位置信息引入到系统状态变量中并通过数据融合滤波器进行预估,以克服传统UWB/INS紧组合导航模型中需要预先获取锚点位置信息的缺点,减少锚点位置信息精度对组合导航系统的影响。在此基础上,利用迭代扩展卡尔曼滤波(IEKF)来完成组合导航系统的数据融合滤波,以提高对目标行人导航信息的预估精度。实验结果显示,所提方法的平均绝对位置误差与传统UWB/INS紧组合方法相比降低了11.69%,算法对锚点位置信息的依赖程度也显著降低。

基于IA-BP神经网络的UWB室内定位系统

复杂的室内环境给定位系统带来非视距误差和多径干扰,消除或降低误差成为超宽带(UWB)室内定位研究的热点。提出一种基于IA-BP神经网络的UWB室内定位方法,将BP神经网络训练的误差值作为免疫算法计算亲和度的抗原,通过免疫算法寻得BP神经网络的最优权值和阈值,避免BP神经网络收敛速度较慢和容易陷入局部最优值的问题,达到定位误差较小的目的。仿真实验结果表明,IA-BP神经网络训练100个样本输出的最大归一化误差不超过0.02,以3个锚点构成的定位场景中,待定位节点的仿真输出轨迹与实际运动轨迹基本吻合。

DS-UWB接收机双陷波器抑制窄带干扰研究

针对直接扩频序列超宽带(DS-UWB)通信系统中常见的窄带干扰问题,提出了一种采用陷波技术的窄带干扰抑制新方法。理论分析表明,传统的只使用接收陷波器的窄带干扰抑制方法在滤出窄带干扰信号的同时,也导致了有用信号和模板信号相关函数峰值的损失,劣化了系统误码性能,而该方法同时对接收信号和模板信号进行相同的陷波处理可补偿这种损失,提高系统性能。对DS-UWB接收机的仿真结果表明,当信干比(SIR)为-20dB时,采用该方法后误码率(BER)曲线与没有干扰时的曲线基本重合;当E_b/n0 = 8dB时,对应BER = 1 E-3,该方法较没有陷波器时抗窄带干扰能力提高了26dB;较只有接收陷波器时提高了17dB。以上结果说明该方法是DS-UWB接收机窄带干扰抑制的有效方法。

基于TH神经网络的UWB-SAR抑制RFI方法

在超宽带合成孔径雷达 (UWB SAR)系统中 ,若将接收信号先通过一个自适应预测误差滤波器 ,然后再进行成像处理运算 ,能极大改善其抑制射频干扰 (RFI)能力 .本文提出了一种迅速、有效的抑制RFI方法 ,它利用谱峰判阶并结合Tank Hopfield(TH)神经网络计算滤波器权系数 ,在保持足够的抑制RFI能力的同时 ,大大提高了运算效率 .

跳时超宽带(TH-UWB)多址系统性能的研究

针对多用户跳时超宽带(TH-UWB)系统建立了数学模型,其目的在于研究多址干扰对TH-UWB系统各方面性能的影响。利用多址干扰服从高斯分布的特性,分析了多址系统的误码率性能,得到了系统数据速率及上界的解析数学表达式,并将误码率理论值与实验数据进行了比较。仿真结果表明,误码率理论值与实验值一致。此外,还分析了在不同的室内密集信道下功率控制对系统数据速率的影响,结果表明,非精确的功率控制将导致系统的误码率及数据速率的下降,且可视距信道中的性能好于非可视距信道中的系统性能。

具有双陷波特性的UWB-MIMO天线

提出了一款具有双陷波特性的紧凑型超宽带多输入多输出(ultra wideband multiple-input multipleoutput, UWB-MIMO)天线.天线由两个辐射元件组成,整体尺寸为41 mm×25 mm×1.6 mm.通过在天线的接地平面中引入两个叠加的T型结构获得良好的隔离度;同时,通过在天线上刻蚀C型槽和U型槽实现双陷波特性,有效抑制了无线局域网(wireless local area networks, WLAN)和X波段通信卫星的干扰;并从表面电流分布的角度分析了陷波原理.实验结果表明:所设计的MIMO天线的阻抗带宽为2.8~13.4 GHz,两个陷波频带分别为4.8~5.94 GHz和6.9~8.23 GHz;在整个工作带宽内,隔离度大于15 dB.说明MIMO天线具有良好的辐射特性、稳定的增益和较低的包络相关系数(envelope correlation coefficient, ECC)(<0.1),适用于UWB-MIMO系统应用.

一种新的有效的MIMO-UWB信道模型及其在STBC-UWB系统中的应用

现存的MIMO-UWB(multi-input multi-output ultra wideband)信道模型不能准确地评价UWB通信系统的性能。文章采用平行波近似理论,在单输入单输出UWB双向信道模型的基础上,结合实际信道测量提出了一种新的有效的MIMO-UWB信道模型并把它应用到STBC-UWB(space time blockcoding ultra wideband)单载波频域均衡系统中。仿真结果表明,该信道模型可以很好地逼近室内测量信道,比子信道相互独立的信道模型能更好地评价系统的误码率性能。