Low Complexity Joint Spectrum Resource and Power Allocation for Ultra Dense Networks

In this paper,we propose a low complexity spectrum resource allocation scheme cross the access points(APs)for the ultra dense networks(UDNs),in which all the APs are divided into several AP groups(APGs)and the total bandwidth is divided into several narrow band spectrum resources and each spectrum resource is allocated to APGs independently to decrease the interference among the cells.Furthermore,we investigate the joint spectrum and power allocation problem in UDNs to maximize the overall throughput.The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonconvex optimization(MINCP)problem which is difficult to solve in general.The joint optimization problem is decomposed into two subproblems in terms of the spectrum allocation and power allocation respectively.For the spectrum allocation,we model it as a auction problem and a combinatorial auction approach is proposed to tackle it.In addition,the DC programming method is adopted to optimize the power allocation subproblem.To decrease the signaling and computational overhead,we propose a distributed algorithm based on the Lagrangian dual method.Simulation results illustrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the system throughput.

UDN中面向安全卸载的多目标联合优化算法研究

【目的】随着各类移动应用与服务的迅猛增加,移动终端电池容量同能量消耗之间的矛盾日益突出。此外,超密集网络(UDN)中小基站的超密集部署使得网络干扰变得更为复杂,且位于网络边缘的服务器易遭恶意攻击。【方法】针对多任务UDN,通过联合优化用户设备(UE)关联、密码服务分派、UE功率控制、UE与小基站的计算资源分配以最小化标准总能耗与标准总安全成本之权和。首先,为UDN构建MEC和本地计算的系统模型;然后,构建上述权和最小化问题并为其设计了进一步改进的分层自适应搜索(FIHAS)算法。【结果】仿真中,FIHAS能够获得较其他算法更低的权和,且在降低总成本方面更具优势。【结论】总体上,FIHAS能够获得较其他算法更优的系统性能。

Two-Stage Resource Allocation Scheme for Three-Tier Ultra-Dense Network

In 5 G Ultra-dense Network(UDN), resource allocation is an efficient method to manage inter-small-cell interference. In this paper, a two-stage resource allocation scheme is proposed to supervise interference and resource allocation while establishing a realistic scenario of three-tier heterogeneous network architecture. The scheme consists of two stages: in stage I, a two-level sub-channel allocation algorithm and a power control method based on the logarithmic function are applied to allocate resource for Macrocell and Picocells, guaranteeing the minimum system capacity by considering the power limitation and interference coordination; in stage II, an interference management approach based on K-means clustering is introduced to divide Femtocells into different clusters. Then, a prior sub-channel allocation algorithm is employed for Femtocells in diverse clusters to mitigate the interference and promote system performance. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme contributes to the enhancement of system throughput and spectrum efficiency while ensuring the system energy efficiency.

Ultra Dense Network:Challenges,Enabling Technologies and New Trends

5G sets an ambitious goal of increasing the capacity per area of current 4G network by 1000 fold. Due to the high splitting gain of dense small cells, ultra dense network(UDN) is widely considered as a key component in achieving this goal. In this paper, we outline the main challenges that come with dense cell deployment, including interference, mobility, power consumption and backhaul. Technologies designed to tackle these challenges in long term evolution system(LTE) and their deficiencies in UDN context are also analyzed. To combat these challenges more efficiently, a series of technologies are introduced along with some of our initial research results. Moreover, the trends of user-centric and peer-to-peer design in UDN are also elaborated.

Joint User Association and Resource Allocation for Self-Backhaul Ultra-Dense Networks

In order to meet the exponentially increasing demand on mobile data traffic, self-backhaul ultra-dense networks(UDNs) combined with millimeter wave(mm Wave) communications are expected to provide high spatial multiplexing gain and wide bandwidths for multi-gigabit peak data rates. In selfbackhaul UDNs, how to make the radio access rates of small cells match their backhaul rates by user association and how to dynamically allocate bandwidth for the access links and backhaul links to balance two-hop link resources are two key problems on improving the overall throughputs. Based on this, a joint scheme of user association and resource allocation is proposed in self-backhaul ultra-dense networks. Because of the combinatorial and nonconvex features of the original optimization problem, it has been divided into two subproblems. Firstly, to make the radio access rates of small base stations match their backhaul rates and maximize sum access rates per Hz of all small cells, a proportional constraint is introduced, and immune optimization algorithm(IOA) is adopted to optimize the association indicator variables and the boresight angles of between users and base stations. Then, the optimal backhaul and access bandwidths are calculated by differentiating the general expression of overall throughput. Simulation results indicatethat the proposed scheme increases the overall throughputs significantly compared to the traditional minimum-distance based association scheme.

Improved Clustering and Resource Allocation for Ultra-Dense Networks

To reduce the interference among small cells of Ultra-Dense Networks(UDN),an improved Clustering-Assisted Resource Allocation(CARA)scheme is proposed in this paper.The proposed scheme is divided into three steps.First,an Interference-Limited Clustering Algorithm(ILCA)based on interference graph corresponding to the interference relationship between Femtocell Base Stations(FBSs),is proposed to group FBSs into disjoint clusters,in which a pre-threshold is set to constrain the sum of interference in each cluster,and a Cluster Head(CH)is selected for each cluster.Then,CH performs a twostage sub-channel allocation within its associated cluster,where the first stage assigns one sub-channel to each user of the cluster and the second stage assigns a second sub-channel to some users.Finally,a power allocation method is designed to maximize throughput for a given clustering and sub-channel configuration.Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme distributes FBSs into each cluster more evenly,and significantly improves the system throughput compared with the existing schemes in the same scenario.

Distributed Chunk-Based Optimization for MultiCarrier Ultra-Dense Networks

In this paper,a distributed chunkbased optimization algorithm is proposed for the resource allocation in broadband ultra-dense small cell networks.Based on the proposed algorithm,the power and subcarrier allocation problems are jointly optimized.In order to make the resource allocation suitable for large scale networks,the optimization problem is decomposed first based on an effective decomposition algorithm named optimal condition decomposition(OCD) algorithm.Furthermore,aiming at reducing implementation complexity,the subcarriers are divided into chunks and are allocated chunk by chunk.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves more superior performance than uniform power allocation scheme and Lagrange relaxation method,and then the proposed algorithm can strike a balance between the complexity and performance of the multi-carrier Ultra-Dense Networks.

Research on Interference Cancellation for Switched-on Small Cells in Ultra Dense Network

In ultra-dense heterogeneous networks, the co-channel inter- ference between small cells turns to be the major challenge to cell throughput improvement, especially for cell edge users. In this paper, we propose a distributed frequency resource al- location approach for interference cancellation, which allo- cates appropriate frequency resources when a small cell is switched on to reduce the co-channel interference to its neigh- boring small cells. This frequency resource pre-allocation aims at avoiding co-channel interference between small ceils and improving users ＇ throughput. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme can effectively reduce the co-chan- nel interference and achieve considerable gains in users＇ through put.

Two-Codebook-Based Cooperative Precoding for TDD-CoMP in 5G Ultra-Dense Networks

In ultra-dense networks （UDN）, the local precoding scheme for time-division duplex coordinated multiple point transmission （TDD-CoMP） can have a good performance with no feedback by using reciprocity between uplink and dovallink. However, if channel is time-varying, the channel difference would cause codeword mismatch between transmitter and receiver, which leads to performance degradation. In this paper, a linear interpolation method is proposed for TDD-CoMP system to estimate the uplink channel at the receiver, which would reduce the channel difference caused by time delay and decrease the probability of codeword mismatch between both sides. Moreover, to mitigate severe inter-cell interference and increase the coverage and throughput of celledge users in UDN, a two-codebook scheme is used to strengthen cooperation between base stations （BSs）, which can outperform the global precoding scheme with less overhead. Simulations show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the link performance compared to the global precoding scheme.

Downlink SINR and Rate Distribution of Ultra-Dense Het Nets with Burst Traffic

SINR distribution and rate overage distribution are crucial for optimization of deployment of Ultra-dense Het Nets.Most existing literatures assume that BSs have full queues and full-buffer traffic.In fact,due to ultra-dense deployment of small cells,traffic in small cell varies dramatically in time and space domains.Hence,it is more practical to investigate scenario with burst traffic.In this paper,we consider a two-tier non-uniform ultra-dense Het Net with burst traffic,where macro BSs are located according to Poisson Point Process(PPP),and pico BSs are located according to Poisson Hole Process(PHP).The closed-form expressions of SINR distribution and rate distribution are derived,and then validated through simulation.Our study shows that different from the result of full buffer case,the SINR distribution and rate distribution of users depend on the average transmission probabilities of BSs in burst traffic case.

基于接收信号强度预测的自适应垂直切换算法

城市部署的超密集异构无线网络中车辆终端的运动状态和业务类型差异巨大,针对不同运动状态和业务类型的终端并发接入导致的频繁切换和拥塞问题,提出一种基于接收信号强度预测的自适应垂直切换算法。在切换触发阶段使用长短时记忆神经网络预测接收信号强度,在信道链路质量恶化之前提前触发切换,在网络选择阶段综合考虑网络参数以及终端在不同运动状态和业务类型下的接入偏好,并选出综合效益值最高的网络作为切换目标网络。仿真结果表明,该算法能更好地适应终端运动状态和业务类型的变化,能降低不必要的切换次数和网络拥塞度。

超密集网络中基于多基站博弈均衡的分布式无线资源管理算法

移动边缘计算和超密集网络技术在扩大移动设备计算能力和增加网络容量方面有明显的优势.然而,在两者融合的场景下,如何有效降低基站之间的同信道干扰,减少任务传输的时延和能耗是一个重要研究课题.本文设计了一个基于多基站博弈均衡的分布式无线资源管理算法.将小基站之间的无线资源管理问题转化为博弈问题,提出一种基于奖励驱动的策略选择算法.基站通过迭代不断更新其策略的选择概率,最终优化子信道分配和发射功率的调控.仿真结果表明,我们的算法在提高信道利用率和降低任务处理的时延和能耗方面具有优势.

5G超密集异构网络双连接技术架构设计

双连接(Dual Connectivity,DC)技术是一种创新型技术,可以满足5G超密集异构网络(Heterogeneous Network,HetNet)日益增长的高数据速率传输需求。在5G超密集HetNet中,DC切换是对传统移动网络切换的进一步优化和发展。因此,以DC技术的一般概念为基础,设计了5G非独立接入(Non-Standalone Access,NSA)架构和独立接入(Standalone Access,SA)架构。同时,为确保5G超密集HetNet业务的连续性,避免小蜂窝之间频繁切换和乒乓效应的发生,设计了基于DC的切换程序。

超密集网络中基于BCD的联合频谱资源优化方法

针对超密集网络(ultra dense network,UDN)中基站密集部署导致的严重层间干扰问题,构建了考虑频谱复用和共信道干扰条件下最大化系统总吞吐量问题模型,提出了一种基于块坐标下降(block coordinate descent,BCD)法的联合频谱资源优化(joint resource optimization based on BCD,JROBB)方法。该方法将原问题分解为分簇、子信道分配和功率分配三个子问题,通过BCD法迭代优化子信道分配和功率分配,逼近原问题的最优解。仿真分析表明,在复杂度提升有限的情况下,系统总吞吐量比现有典型算法平均至少提升22%,可以有效提升频谱利用率。

基于分布式联邦学习的毫米波通信系统波束配置方法

针对超密集组网中毫米波通信系统复杂的波束配置问题,该文提出一种基于分布式联邦学习(DFL)的波束配置算法(BMDFL),旨在利用有限的波束资源实现用户覆盖率最大化。考虑到传统集中式学习存在用户数据安全问题,基于分布式联邦学习框架构建系统模型,从而减少用户隐私信息的泄露。为了实现波束的智能化配置,引入双深度Q学习算法(DDQN)训练系统模型,并通过马尔可夫决策过程将长期的动态优化问题转化为相应的数学模型进行求解。仿真结果从系统的网络吞吐量和用户覆盖率方面验证了该方法的有效性和鲁棒性。

非完美频谱感知下认知超密集网络的资源分配

针对实际认知超密集网络场景中认知无线电存在非完美频谱感知的情况,提出了一种基于非完美频谱感知的资源分配方案,目标是在考虑跨/同层干扰约束、保障用户服务质量下,最大化非完美频谱感知下认知超密集网络中次级网络的能效。为此,依据网络模型构建能效优化问题,其为混合整数非凸规划问题,先通过分时共享松弛法和丁克尔巴赫法将其转换成等价的凸优化问题,再使用拉格朗日对偶法求其最优解,以此获得最优能效时的子信道和功率分配策略。基于此,提出了一种迭代的子信道和功率分配算法;为权衡计算复杂度,还提出了一种实用的子信道和功率分配算法。仿真结果表明,所提算法都有效地提升了网络能效。

UDN中基于K-means聚类算法的干扰协调方案

针对超密集网络中低功率节点间的干扰问题,提出一种基于K-means聚类算法的时域干扰协调方案。根据节点的分布特点对其进行分类,计算每个类内的节点干扰并求和得到节点所受的总干扰。在此基础上,根据干扰最小化原则进行时域几乎空白子帧分配,以最大化系统局部吞吐量。仿真结果表明,相比基于广义干扰模型的干扰协调方案,该方案结果更精确,网络吞吐量更高。

干扰门限与回程容量限制下UDN的能效与谱效联合优化算法

针对回程干扰门限与链路容量限制下的超密集网络(UDN)场景,提出了一种基于整数线性规划和拉格朗日对偶分解的能量效率与频谱效率联合优化算法。所提算法首先将回程容量限制下的用户归属问题建模为整数线性规划(ILP)问题,基于动态规划的思想设计算法求解该问题,从而完成用户与微基站的连接;在此基础上,利用拉格朗日对偶分解,通过基于迭代的资源分配算法实现频谱资源和功率的分配。仿真结果表明,相较于传统算法,所提算法能显著提升系统的能量效率和频谱效率,同时可以更充分地利用微基站的业务承载能力。

基于深度强化学习的任务卸载和资源分配优化

移动边缘计算(MEC)可以在网络边缘为用户提供就近的存储和计算服务,从而为移动用户带来低能耗、低时延的优势。该文针对基于超密集网络(UDN)的多用户多MEC场景,从用户侧出发,以最小化用户计算总开销为目的,解决用户在卸载过程中的卸载决策和上传传输功率优化以及MEC计算资源分配问题。具体而言,考虑到该问题是一个具有NP-hard性质的MINLP问题,该文将该问题分解为两个子问题并通过两个阶段的方式进行求解。首先在第一个阶段设计了一种基于深度强化学习(DQN)的任务卸载决策来解决任务卸载子问题,然后在第二个阶段分别使用KKT条件以及黄金分割算法解决MEC计算资源分配和上行传输功率的优化问题。仿真结果表明,所提方案在保证用户时延约束的前提下,有效降低了用户的计算开销,提升了系统性能。

基于移动通信网络的高精度定位关键技术研究

在通信技术快速发展的社会背景下,我国移动通信技术也取得了显著的进步,以5G为主的各通信技术在各行各业中得到了广泛应用。5G网络能通过应用大宽带、高精度定位技术的方式,实现2~3 m的定位精度,显著优于4G网络,且具有延迟低、速度快等优势。文中从移动通信网络的角度出发,探讨了5G高精度定位关键技术,旨在促进5G技术的进一步推广与应用,为6G技术的研发作出积极贡献。