Isolation Enhancement in a Compact Four-Element MIMO Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications

Mutual coupling reduction or isolation enhancement in antenna arrays is an important area of research as it severely affects the performance of an antenna.In this paper,a new type of compact and highly isolated Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output(MIMO)antenna for ultra-wideband(UWB)applications is presented.The design consists of four radiators that are orthogonally positioned and confined to a compact 40×40×0.8 mm3 space.The final antenna design uses an inverted L shape partial ground to produce an acceptable reflection coefficient(S11<−10 dB)in an entire UWB band(3.1–10.6)giga hertz(GHz).Moreover,the inter-element isolation has also been enhanced to>20 db for majority of the UWB band.The antenna was fabricated and tested with the vector network analyzer(VNA)and in an anechoic chamber for scattering parameters and radiation patterns.Furthermore,different MIMO diversity performance metrics are also measured to validate the proposed model.The simulation results and the experimental results from the constructed model agree quite well.The proposed antenna is compared with similar designs in recently published literature for various performance metrics.Because of its low envelope correlation coefficient(ECC<0.1),high diversity gain(DG>9.99 dB),peak gain of 4.6 dB,reduced channel capacity loss(CCL<0.4 b/s/Hz),and average radiation efficiency of over 85%,the proposed MIMO antenna is ideally suited for practical UWB applications.

Fully-integrated ultra-wide band LNA in 0.18μm CMOS technology for 3-10 GHz applications

The paper presents a fully integrated ultra-wide band(UWB)low noise amplifier(LNA)for 3-10 GHz applications.It employs self-biased resistive-feedback and current-reused technique to achieve wide input matching and low power characteristics.An improved biased architecture is adopted in the second stage to attain a better gain-compensation performance.The design is verified with TSMC standard 1 P6 M 0.18μm RF CMOS process.The measurement results show that the parasitic problem of the transistors at high frequencies is solved.A high and flat S21 of 9.7±1.5 dB and the lowest NF 3.5 dB are achieved in the desired frequency band.The power consumption is only 7.5 mA under 1.6 V supply.The proposed LNA achieves broadband flat gain,low noise,and high linearity performance simultaneously,allowing it to be used in 3-10 GHz UWB applications.

ON THE PAR REDUCTION OF MB-OFDM ULTRA-WIDEBAND SIGNALS

The Peak to Average power Ratio (PAR) of a Multi-Band Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM) Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) signals can be substantially larger than that of single carrier or carrier-less ultra-wideband signals. In this letter, a novel PAR reduction scheme for the MB-OFDM UWB system based on spreading and interleaving is proposed. By spreading the coded bits over each subcarrier in corresponding band and interleaving the spread symbols across all bands, the PAR statistics of the MB-OFDM signals can be improved and the PAR is reduced obviously. In the PAR reduction scheme, there is no loss in transmission data rate or Bit Error Rate (BER) performance decreasing. Since the spreading and interleaving operation are implemented by unitary Hadamard sequences and used for an approach to provide the robustness of the UWB system to narrowband interference, there is no additional implementation burden. Simulation results show that the investigated scheme gives the PAR reduction of 3dB compared with that of the original MB-OFDM signals.

Compact Coplanar Epsilon-Negative Antenna with Ultra-Wide Band Character

In this paper, a compact coplanar epsilon.negative(ENG) antenna is proposed with ultra.wide operation band and small size of 18×11.5 mm2. The proposed antenna is designed based on a coplanar.waveguide(CPW) feeding antenna, and thus the via.free structure is employed to realize the ENG unit cell, which is convenient to tune the frequency of zeroth.order resonance(ZOR) and extends the ZOR bandwidth. The high.order resonant frequencies are achieved and mainly determined by the separate slots that are located between the radiating patch and the ground plane. Adding the left.handed inductance between the radiating patch and ground has slight impact on the high.order resonant frequencies, and then the ultra.wide band is achieved by merging the ZOR bandwidth with the high.order resonant bandwidths. The ground plane primarily works as a matching network for the proposed antenna. Although it generates a low.frequency resonance, the performance is undesirable due to the impedance mismatching. The measured results show that the reflection coefficient, |S11| <.10 d B, is in a wide frequency range from 5.25 to 13 GHz, which covers the upper operation band of UWB communication. Also, the antenna contains relatively stable gains and omni.directional radiation patterns.

Performance of multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ultra wide-band system on IEEE UWB channels

Multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) ultra wide-band (UWB) is a novel wireless communication technology. It has many advantages and is being actively researhed. In this study, we constructed and implemented a simulation model of UWB communication systems in Simulink. We found the MB-OFDM UWB system has the best performance in distance between 4 m to 10 m without the line-of-sight requirement.

Mobile Robot Positioning and Tracking Based on Ultra-wideband Technology

To solve the precision self-positioning problem for mobile robot,a positioning program based on ultra-wideband technology was proposed. Ultra-wideband pulse has very high bandwidth; ranging accuracy can achieve centimeter-level theoretically. The mobile robot obtained the distance to the reference node by sending ultra-wideband pulse. According to the geometric relations among the references and the robot,establish equations to calculate the position coordinates. Then Kalman filter algorithm was applied for mobile robot tracking. Simulation results show that robot positioning and tracking based on ultra-wideband technology can achieve indoor and outdoor seamless docking.

Design of Integrated Triple Band Notched for Ultra-Wide Band Microstrip Antenna

Ultra-wideband (UWB) is one of the recent topics that received a great concern from academia and industry. However, UWB found many difficulties to be standardized due to the overlay working that made UWB an important potential interference source to many licensed and unlicensed spectrum throughout the band 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. This paper demonstrates the design of integrated triple band notched for UWB Microstrip antenna. We simulated UWB short range systems which require low power and these are built using inexpensive digital components. We proposed a compact triple band notched CPW (Co-planar Waveguide) fed Micro strip Antenna (MSA) for UWB. This band-notched antenna has rejection characteristics at 3.2 GHz (for Wi-MAX band 3.16 to 3.32 GHz), at 5.5 GHz (for WLAN 2 band—5.3 to 5.72 GHz) and at 7.9 GHz (for ITU band 7.72 GHz to 8.13 GHz). The simulation was done using IE3D simulator.

Designing a Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistor with High Transition Frequency for Ultra-Wideband Application

Theoretical calculations predict transition frequencies in the terahertz range for the field-effect transistors based on carbon nanotubes, and this shows their suitability for being used in high frequency applications. In this paper, we have designed a field-effect transistor based on carbon nanotube with high transition frequency suitable for ultra-wide band applications. We did this by optimizing nanotube diameter, gate insulator thickness and dielectric constant. As a result, we achieved the transition frequency about 7.45 THz. The environment of open source software FETToy is used to simulate the device. Also a suitable model for calculating the transition frequency is presented.

Numerical simulation of the coupling of ultra-wide band electromagnetic pulse into landmine by aperture

The modern landmine＇s electronic fuse is susceptible to strong interference or can even be damaged by the ultra-wide band electromagnetic pulse（UWB-EMP）. The finite-difference time-domain（FDTD） method in lossy media with cylindrical coordinates is used to study the interactions of the UWB-EMP with the landmine. First, the coupling of UWB-EMP into the landmine shielding shell through an aperture is numerically simulated. Second, the coupled electromagnetic field of mine shells made of different shielding materials and with apertures of different sizes is plotted. Third, the aperture coupling laws of UWB-EMP into shells are analyzed and categorized. Such an algorithm is capable of effectively preventing ladder similar errors, and consequently improving the calculation precision, and in addition to adopting the message passing interface（MPI） parallel method to divide the total calculating range into more sub-ranges, the overall calculating efficiency is greatly increased. These calculations are surely a constructive reference for modern landmine design against electromagnetic damage.

Evaluation of System Performance of Ultra-Wide Band Jointing in MC Signaling in Correlated Environments

The evaluation of System Performance of UWB (ultra-wide band) jointing in MC (multi-carrier) signaling in correlated environments is presented in the report. The correlated Nakagami-m statistical distribution for the multipath fading model is assumed in this scenario. In fact to establish the model for analyzing in this article is using MC-CDMA (multi-carrier code-division multiple-access) system characterization combined with a UWB scheme. The average BER (bit error rate) is calculated and compared to a special case of previously published results. Studied results from this paper can be implied to approve the system performance for a UWB system combined with a MC-CDMA wireless communication system. It is worth noting that the Nakagami-m distributed fading parameter significantly dominates UWB system performance when it cooperates with MC signaling under a fading environment. Finally, it is worthy of noting that when the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) at system’s receiver reaches a preset high threshold value, the parameter of power decay ratio effect could be not included.

卷积-长短期记忆神经网络超宽带定位方法

针对室内视距环境下超宽带(UWB)观测值中的测距误差影响定位精度的问题,提出一种基于卷积神经网络与长短期记忆网络(CNN-LSTM)相结合的UWB测距误差改正模型:将基站与标签之间的测距值和Chan算法解算的标签初始坐标作为卷积神经网络(CNN)的输入,借助CNN良好的数据特征提取能力,充分挖掘UWB测距值的特征;然后利用长短期记忆网络(LSTM)进行进一步的特征学习,并进行训练和预测UWB测距值,以减少测距误差对UWB测距值精度的影响;最后,利用高斯-牛顿迭代算法求解出最终的UWB定位结果,同时,建立多项式和指数函数UWB测距误差改正模型,并与本文方法进行对比分析。实验结果表明,在静态和动态实验下,基于CNN-LSTM网络模型结果的精度均优于其他2种模型,证明该算法可有效降低测距误差,提高UWB的定位精度。

融合改进小波去噪与T-Taylor的井下定位算法

针对超宽带井下定位方法中,信号易受到非视距(NLOS)误差的影响,导致定位算法的精确度与环境适应性较差的问题,本文提出了一种融合改进小波去噪和T-Taylor算法的井下定位算法。对原始测距值进行降噪处理,抑制NLOS误差对定位的影响;同时引入三球交会算法,将其作为Taylor算法的初始算法,确保Taylor算法收敛的同时,增强定位算法在井下复杂环境的定位精度与环境适应性;通过蒙特卡罗仿真试验进行验证。结果表明,融合算法能够在一定程度上降低测距误差,增强算法对于复杂环境的适应性,提高定位精度,在NLOS环境下较C-Taylor算法有更高的定位精度与抗噪声性能。经实地定位试验验证,融合算法平均定位精度相比于C-Taylor算法有一定程度的提升,提高了37.3%。

基于ICEEMDAN-CNN的非视距识别方法

在超宽带室内定位中,受复杂室内环境下各种障碍物的干扰导致信号处于非视距场景传播,进而产生定位误差。针对非视距传播对室内定位精度影响的问题,提出了一种基于ICEEMDAN的非视距识别方法。首先对信道脉冲响应进行模态分解,得到含有不同尺度特性的IMF,其次利用皮尔森相关系数法选取部分IMF进行重构,保留较为有效的信息,并对重构信号进行小波变换获得有效的时频特征,最后通过构建卷积神经网络识别非视距信号。实验数据基于802.15.4a UWB模型和开源数据集,结果表明所提出的识别方法平均准确率达到了98.5%,与其他算法相比模拟数据集提高了5.6%,PDS数据集提高了14.3%,验证了所提出识别方法的有效性。

基于VBKF-CPA-TSA算法的UWB定位技术

设施内移动农业设备的精准定位是农业智能化、无人化发展的关键。针对设施内GPS拒止环境下农业设备的定位问题,提出利用超宽带(UWB)系统构建设施内移动农业设备的导航定位系统。为了提高移动农业设备的定位精度,提出利用变分卡尔曼滤波(VBKF)对UWB系统的4个测量距离进行平滑处理,提高测量距离的估计精度,采用全质心定位算法(CPA)求解目标节点的位置坐标;为了进一步提高定位精度,利用改进的泰勒级数优化算法(TSA)对VBKF-CPA方法的定位结果进行优化处理。以移动机器人为实验平台,利用UWB系统在室内开展了动静态模拟实验,验证所提方法的有效性。实验结果表明,VBKF-CPA-TSA算法能提升目标节点的定位精度,获得较稳定的定位结果,x轴、y轴、z轴的平均误差由0.085、0.071、0.064 m减小为0.034、0.032、0.028 m,平均估计精度分别提高了60%、54.9%、56.3%;VBKF-CPA-TSA算法的动态定位轨迹更逼近真实轨迹,表明所提定位算法能提高设施内UWB系统的定位精度,该方法为设施内GPS拒止环境中移动农业设备的定位提供新方法。

Improved Adaptive Iterated Extended Kalman Filter for GNSS/INS/UWB-Integrated Fixed-Point Positioning

To provide stable and accurate position information of control points in a complex coastal environment,an adaptive iterated extended Kalman filter(AIEKF)for fixed-point positioning integrating global navigation satellite system,inertial navigation system,and ultra wide band(UWB)is proposed.In thismethod,the switched global navigation satellite system(GNSS)and UWB measurement are used as the measurement of the proposed filter.For the data fusion filter,the expectation-maximization(EM)based IEKF is used as the forward filter,then,the Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother for IEKF filter’s result smoothing.Tests illustrate that the proposed AIEKF is able to provide an accurate estimation.

一种基于UWB的CTK-IDS联合定位算法

为提高超宽带(Ultra Wide Band,UWB)技术应用于室内运动环境的定位精度和抗干扰能力,提出一种改进的Chan-泰勒-卡尔曼双边双向(Chan-Taylor-Kalman-Improved Double-Sided,CTK-IDS)联合定位算法。该算法通过测距计算修正与预测拟合技术,以降低设备测距误差及提升测距精度,采用改进的双边双向测距(Improved Double-Sided Two-Way Ranging,IDS-TWR)算法计算信号传播时间。将Chan算法估计的位置坐标作为Taylor算法的初值点进行迭代,从而解算出运动员的位置坐标。最后,结合Kalman滤波进行坐标的二次估计,以减弱非视距、多径等环境因素的影响,实现运动员室内运动环境中的实时、精准定位。验证结果表明,在室内环境中使用该算法可以使移动标签位置的平均误差在4~5 cm以内,最大定位误差不超过13 cm。

IMMKF与Chan-Taylor算法的协同定位

TDOA(Time Difference of Arrival)测距方式是UWB(Ultra Wide Band)室内定位的常用方法,针对其不可避免的随机误差以及目标改变运动状态定位不准确的问题,文中提出了一种Chan-Taylor-IMMKF(Interacting Multiple Model Kalman Filter)定位算法。该算法由Chan-Taylor加权算法与加入自适应算法IMM卡尔曼滤波算法组成,通过Chan-Taylor加权算法初次取得目标估计坐标,将该坐标值作为自适应算法IMM的卡尔曼滤波器的测量值,对目标坐标进行多次滤波处理,最终加权得到目标的最终估计坐标。实验将该算法与未滤波的Chan-Taylor加权算法、使用传统的卡尔曼滤波算法进行对比,结果显示该算法有效减小了系统的随机误差,并克服了传统卡尔曼滤波器在目标忽然改变运动状态时不能及时跟踪从而产生较大误差的问题,将误差标准差均值控制在15 cm之内。

Optimization of band-notched UWB antenna using micro-genetic algorithm combined with FDTD

The micro-genetic algorithm (MGA) optimization combined with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is applied to design a band-notched ultra wide-band (UWB) antenna. A U-type slot on a stepped U-type UWB monopole is used to obtain the band-notched characteristic for 5 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) band. The measured results show that voltage standing wave ration (VSWR) less than 2 covers 3.1-10.6 GHz operating band and VSWR more than 2 is within 5.150-5.825 GHz notched one with the highest value of 5.6. Agreement among the calculated, HFSS simulated and measured results validates the effiectiveness of this MGA-FDTD method, which is efficient for UWB antennas design.

Compact Bluetooth/UWB Antenna with Multi-Band Notched Characteristics

A small-sized, low-profile, and planar dual band antenna for Bluetooth (2.4 - 2.484 GHz) and ultra-wideband (UWB) (3.1 - 10.6 GHz) with multi-band notched antennas is presented. Two antennas A and B with different types of slots are used to obtain tri-band notched characteristic. In antenna A notched bands, 5 - 6 GHz for WLAN, and 3.3 - 4 GHz for WiMAX, are achieved using a U-slot in ground structure and in the radiating patch. In antenna B two notched bands at 3.3 - 4 GHz, for WiMAX and 7.2 GHz for C-band satellite communication systems are achieved by using a U-slot in ground structure and a H-shaped slot in the radiating patch. The radiation characteristics of the two antennas are calculated using a commercial EM simulator based on Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Finite Integration Technique (FIT). The two antennas show acceptable gain flatness with stable omnidirectional radiation patterns across the integrated Bluetooth and UWB bands.

Novel Compact UWB Band Notch Antenna Design for Body-Centric Communications

This research analyzes and implements an innovative and tiny ultrawideband(UWB)antenna with band-notched features for body-centric communication.The shape of the designed antenna looks like a‘swan’with a slotted patch.Computer Simulation Technology(CST)is used to assess and investigate the performance of this antenna.With a band notch,this antenna can prevent interference from Wireless Local Area Network(WLAN)(5.15–5.825 GHz)and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX)(5.25–5.85 GHz)systems.At first,the performance parameters like return loss response,gain,radiation patterns,and radiation efficiency of this UWB antenna are evaluated.After that,the human body effects on the antenna performance of the antenna are also examined to place the antenna at various distances away from 3-layers of phantom body model at different frequencies.All the on-body performance parameter results are compared and analyzed with free space performance parameter results.Lastly,by changing patch slot length and ground plane length,parametric studies were done for performance comparison.According to this research,it is noticed that the antenna is tiny and new.It shows good performance in body case as well.Hence,the antenna is very suitable for healthcare applications.