Numerical simulation of coupling heat transfer and thermal stress for spent fuel dry storage cask with different power distribution and tilt angles

Dry storage containers must be secured and reliable during long-term storage,and the effect of decay heat released from the internal spent fuel on the cask has become an important research topic.In this paper,a 3D computational fluid dynamics model is presented,and the accuracy of the calculation is verified,with computational errors of less than 6.2%.The thermal stress of the dry storage cask was estimated by coupling it with a transient temperature field.The total power remained constant and adjusting the power ratio of the inner and outer zones had a small effect on the stress results,with a maximum equivalent stress of approximately 5.2 kPa,which occurred at the lower edge of the shell.In the case of tilt,the temperature gradient varied in a wavy distribution,and the wave crest moved from right to left.Altering the tilt angle affects the air distribution in the annular gap,leading to the shell temperature being transformed,with a maximum equivalent stress of 202 MPa at the bottom of the shell.However,the equivalent stress in both cases was less than the yield stress(205 MPa).

Storage of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase from Dried Serum Spots: Matrix for Field Based Studies

Background: Gamma-glutamyltransferase is recognised as a biomarker to assess the harms associated with alcohol misuse. The objective ways to measure GGT in areas lacking central lab facilities are desirable. This study aims to measure GGT from dried serum spots and its storage from dried serum spots. Method: The study was approved by the institutional ethical committee. One hundred and eighty (180) patients were included in the study. Their blood samples were collected. The serum samples were spotted onto filter paper (Whatman 903) dried and stored at 4°C. The GGT levels were measured on the day of collection and at various time periods to assess the effect of storage. All the analysis was performed on SPSS version 21. Result: The GGT levels measured from fresh serum GGT levels mean (SD) 286.5 (539.4) correlated well with their respective dried serum levels 287.18 (538.2) (P = 0.80). The mean recovery of GGT from dried serum was observed to be 103.3%. A sub-sample (n = 12) was stored at 4°C. The dried serum spots were found to be stable at the end of four weeks using repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P = 0.39). Conclusion: This method has the potential to be used for epidemiological or field based studies to assess harms associated with alcohol use.

Effect of Moisture Content on Melilotus suaveolens Seed Quality During Ultra-drying Storage

In order to enhance the seed storability and supply high-quality seeds for vegetation restoration in the arid and semi-arid regions in Northwest China,the effects of ultra-drying and accelerated aging on the physiological characterstics of Melilotus suaveolens seeds were studied.Melilotus suaveolens seeds were dried in a desiccator containing silica gel to 80,53,42,33,23 and 16 g·kg-1 of moisture contents（MC）,respectively.The parameters of the seed quality including germination energy（GE）,germination percentage（GP）,relative conductivity（RC）,dehydrogenase activity（DA） and α-amylase activity（AA） were determined after ultra-drying and accelerated aging.The results showed that ultra-dried seeds with 42 g·kg-1 of MC showed the minimum changes of GE and GP before and after seed aging.Moreover,ultra-dry seeds with 42 g·kg-1 of MC showed higher DA and AA,and lower RC than non-ultra-drying seeds.Therefore,ultra-drying to 42 g·kg-1 of MC was helpful for M.suaveolens seed storage.

Development of volatiles and odor-active compounds in Chinese dry sausage at different stages of process and storage

The effect of process and storage on the volatiles and odorant profi le of Chinese dry sausage was evaluated,as well as its physicochemical parameters.Microbial esterification and wine(27.54%–43.35%),and lipid oxidation(11.30%–34.92%)played a key role in flavor profile during process and storage.A significant increase of each volatile was detected during process except gradual decrease of volatiles from spices,while a gradual decrease of each volatile was detected during storage except signifi cant increase of volatiles from lipid oxidation and esterifi cation.15 and 6 odor-active compounds were respectively correlated(P<0.05)with the process and storage time.Level of heptanal,1-octen-3-ol,the ethyl of 2-methylbutanoic,3-methylbutanoic,butanoic,benzoic,hexanoic,heptanoic,octanoic and decanoic acid were best discriminators of process stage,while(E)-2-nonenal,ethyl hexanoate,ethyl heptanoate,and methyl decanoate,were marker compounds of storage time.An objective method was established to evaluate the stages of process and storage for samples.

Reliability of enzyme assays in dried blood spots for diagnosis of 4 lysosomal storage disorders

Introduction: Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are inherited diseases caused, in the majority of them, by the deficiency of lysosomal enzymatic activities. Ob-jectives: We aimed to analyze the usefulness of DBS samples for diagnosis of 4 LSDs, with the availability of a large quantity of patient samples. Design and methods: Blood samples from previously diagnosed patients with Fabry, Gaucher, Hunter, and Maro-teaux-Lamy syndromes and normal control individ-uals, were collected and dispen-sed in filter paper, and used for enzymatic activity determination. Results: Diagnosis of hemi/homo-zygous patients with Fabry, Hunter and Maroteaux-Lamy diseases using DBS samples showed ideal parameters of 100% sensitivity and specificity. DBS assay for Gaucher disease would need a posterior confirmatory step. Conclusions: Leukocyte measu-rement is the only reliable way to diagnose Gaucher disease. For Hunter, Fabry and Maroteaux-Lamy disorders discrimination between patients and controls seems adequate by DBS.

Survival of encapsulated probiotics through spray drying and non-refrigerated storage for animal feeds application

The objective of this study is to verify potential of various types of microorganisms during spray drying and non-refrigerated storage that can be enhanced substantially by selecting suitable protective colloids. Four selected probiotics tested are Lactbacillus plantarum B13 and B18, which are the bacteria probiotics and Kluyveromyces lactis and Saccharomyces blouradii, non-bacteria probiotics. Two levels of experiment occur starting with formulation study of encapsulation agent followed by the viability study of different probiotics after spray dry and two weeks nonrefrigerated storage. The formulation of 30% of gum Arabic, 15% of gelatin and 45% of coconut oil can homogenize well at least for two hours and can produce acceptable dried product (below 4% of moisture content) at low outlet temperature (70℃ -75℃). K. lactis, S. blouradii gives 2.57% and 2.4% of viability percentage after spray drying process and 25.84% and 2.04% after two weeks nonrefrigerated storage respectively. The colonies of non-probiotics bacteria after both conditions are between 1010 and 106 cfu/mL which is among the accepted level for industrial application. However, the survival of probiotics in a spray-dried form during non-refrigerated storage is higher at low of moisture content compared to others.

Seismic considerations for spent nuclear fuel storage in dry casks

To aid the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission,Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) was contracted to investigate the seismic behavior of typical dry cask storage systems. Parametric evaluations characterized the sensitivity of calculated cask response characteristics to input parameters. The parametric evaluation investigated two generic cask designs (cylindrical and rectangular),three different foundation types (soft soil,hard soil,and rock),and three different casks to pad coefficients of friction (0.2,0.55,0.8) for earthquakes with peak ground accelerations of 0.25g,0.6g,1.0g and 1.25g. A total of 1 165 analyses were completed,with regression analyses being performed on the resulting cask response data to determine relationships relating the mean (16 % and 84 % confidence intervals on the mean) to peak ground acceleration,peak ground velocity,and pseudo-spectral acceleration at 1 Hz and 5 % damping. In general,the cylindrical casks experienced significantly larger responses in comparison to the rectangular cask. The cylindrical cask experienced larger top of cask displacements,larger cask rotations (rocking),and more occurrences of cask toppling (the rectangular cask never toppled over). The cylindrical cask was also susceptible to rolling once rocking had been initiated,a behavior not observed in the rectangular cask. Cask response was not overly sensitive to foundation type,but was significantly dependent on the response spectrum employed.

Effect of Interacting Abiotic Storage Conditions on Respiration,Dry Matter Losses and Aflatoxin B_(1) Contamination of Stored Turkey’s Shelled Hazelnuts

Hazelnuts are an economically important nut which is consumed world-wide.It is prone to infection by Aspergillus flavus and contamination with aflatoxins.Taking Tukey’s hazelnuts as a research object,the objective of this study were to(a)quantify respiration rates and(b)dry matter losses(DMLs)and(c)aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1))contamination of naturally stored shelled hazelnuts at different temperatures and water availabilities.Subsequently,shelled hazelnuts were inoculated with additional A.flavus inoculum prior to storage to examine effects on dry matter losses and on AFB_(1) contamination.Maximum respiration of hazelnuts and associated mycoflora was under wetter conditions of 0.90~0.95 water activity(aw=12.5%~18%moisture content).This resulted in between approx.10%DML at 25 and 30℃after 5 days storage.Inoculation and storage of shelled hazelnuts+A.flavus inoculum resulted in similar patterns of respiration with optimal levels at 25~30℃and>0.90 aw.Indeed,AFB_(1) contamination was highest at the maximum water levels tested of 0.90 aw.Indeed the contamination level exceeded the legislative limits set by the EU for AFB_(1) contamination of these nuts.Correlation between DMLs and all the AFB_(1) data in both sets of studies showed that very small changes in DML due to poor drying or storage of≥0.6%resulted in AFB_(1) contamination levels exceeding the EU legislative limits.Thus,efficient drying and safe monitored storage is necessary to minimise the risk of AFB_(1) contamination in this economically important commodity and to avoid exposure of consumers to such toxins.

Key technologies and practice for gas field storage facility construction of complex geological conditions in China

In view of complex geological characteristics and alternating loading conditions associated with cyclic large amount of gas injection and withdrawal in underground gas storage(UGS) of China, a series of key gas storage construction technologies were established, mainly including UGS site selection and evaluation, key index design, well drilling and completion, surface engineering and operational risk warning and assessment, etc. The effect of field application was discussed and summarized. Firstly, trap dynamic sealing capacity evaluation technology for conversion of UGS from the fault depleted or partially depleted gas reservoirs. A key index design method mainly based on the effective gas storage capacity design for water flooded heterogeneous gas reservoirs was proposed. To effectively guide the engineering construction of UGS, the safe well drilling, high quality cementing and high pressure and large flow surface injection and production engineering optimization suitable for long-term alternate loading condition and ultra-deep and ultra-low temperature formation were developed. The core surface equipment like high pressure gas injection compressor can be manufactured by our own. Last, the full-system operational risk warning and assessment technology for UGS was set up. The above 5 key technologies have been utilized in site selection, development scheme design, engineering construction and annual operations of 6 UGS groups, e.g. the Hutubi UGS in Xinjiang. To date, designed main indexes are highly consistent with actural performance, the 6 UGS groups have the load capacity of over 7.5 billion cubic meters of working gas volume and all the storage facilities have been running efficiently and safely.

Germination pretreatment and storage behavior of Terminalia laxiflora seed

Terminalia laxiflora Engl.&Diels.is an important indigenous and multi-purpose species in Ethiopia.However threatened due to low germination and its storage behavior is unknown.In this study,we aimed to(1)test pretreatments for breaking the dormancy of T.laxiflora seed and(2)determine its storage behavior.Seeds were subjected to four pretreatments such as soaking,scarification,high-temperature,and control.Experiments were done before storage and after 2 years of dry storage at cold temperature(-10℃)based on randomized design with four replicates.The first round of experimental results showed that T.laxiflora seeds with high temperature treatments at 78℃for 10 min showed significantly higher germination percentage(80%).In the second round experiment,high-temperature treatment at 78℃for15 min,cold water soaking,high-temperature treatment at78℃for 10 min,hot water soaking,and high-temperature treatment at 78℃for 5 min showed significantly higher germination percentage from the remaining treatments(75,64,58,56,and 53%,respectively).To break the dormancy of T.laxiflora seed and attain good germination result,seeds should be pretreated with high-temperature at 78℃for 10 min to test the initial germination before storage and should be pretreated with high-temperature(at 78℃for15,10,or 5 min),soaked in cold,or hot water for 24 h to monitor the germination after storage.The two experiments show that T.laxiflora produces orthodox seed.

Changing the Moisture Content of the Spartina and Miscanthus and Willow Shoots during Storage in Natural Conditions

The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the distribution of energy plant moisture content along the height of their shoots and the dynamics of moisture during storage in natural conditions. The shoots of Spartina, Miscanthus and willow were used in the study. Entire shoots were cut into sections of 10 cm and for each set in monthly cycles for six months moisture content was evaluated. After a month＇s storage of freshly cut shoots the biggest decrease of content moisture in the shoots of Spartina and Miscanthus was recorded, by 31% and 22%, respectively, and the lowest in willow shoots （12%）. After sixth months of shoots storage the lowest moisture content （10%-12%） was reached in miscanthus. The most uneven moisture content along the height of shoots Spartina was characterized because on one third of the height from the bottom, the moisture content of shoots was 20%, and the top had moisture content in the range 5%-10%. Willow shoots were characterized by the smallest drop in moisture, and the final moisture content was about 23%, with the top part of moisture content of 10%-20%. The dynamics of moisture change during the six months of storage of grass shoots （Miscanthus and Spartina） in natural conditions under roofing was described by one power function regression, and willow by another one. Empirical models can be used to predict changes in moisture content of these plants in experiment conditions, since the coefficients of determination were 94.66% and 89.18%, respectively.

Features of Usage of Electromagnetic Field of Extremely Low Frequency for the Storage of Agricultural Products

The way of increase of storage period of agricultural raw materials under the influence of low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF LF) has been considered in the article. Existing developments of the EMF LF usage on the base of patents have been examined. The results of EMF LF processing of wood, wine, seeds, vegetative, fish and meat products have been presented.

不同贮藏温度及包装条件对乌天麻干片挥发性气味的影响

采用电子鼻及吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(purgeand trap-gaschromatography-massspectrometry,PT-GC-MS)分析3个贮藏温度(10、25、40℃)及4种包装条件(空气、N_(2)、CO_(2)、脱氧)对乌天麻干片的挥发性气味的影响。结果表明:在120 d的贮藏期内,不同温度及包装下的乌天麻干片挥发性气味存在一定的差异。温度是影响贮藏期乌天麻干片挥发性气味最主要的因素,低温更有利于保持乌天麻干片挥发性成分。其次是包装条件,在同一温度条件下,脱氧处理更有利于保持乌天麻干片的挥发性气味。随着贮藏时间的延长,不同温度及包装条件下,乌天麻干片中挥发性物质在种类和含量上均发生变化,在120 d贮藏期内,10℃脱氧处理组共检测出挥发性成分29种,总含量为214.52μg/g,醇类占总挥发性成分的54%;酯类占总挥发性成分的14%;烷烃类占总挥发性成分的10%;与对照组的挥发性成分最为接近。综上所述,10℃脱氧包装为乌天麻干片最佳贮藏条件,在该条件下贮藏,乌天麻干片的风味成分损失最小,可在较长贮藏期内有效保留乌天麻干片的风味成分。

水风光储一体化系统中储能平抑出力波动效果评价研究

随着新型电力系统的发展,风能、光能等高比例新能源的联网运行是实现其大规模开发利用重要途径,也是在双碳政策背景下节能减排的重要方式。由于风电和光伏出力具有极强的随机性与不可控性,高比例的风电与光伏接入电网势必会产生巨大的波动,从而降低电能质量,给电网运行带来许多不便。如何既能高比例地消纳风电与光伏,又能尽量减少其并网产生的不利影响成为一项重要课题。本文建立了风电、光伏及水电的出力模型,分析了不同情景下的出力特点与趋势,根据其出力的强不确定性、间歇性与周期性的特点,计算不同组合方式下的组合能源系统出力数据并对比分析。以某水电站为例,建立以水电调节为主的水风光发电系统,并在其中加入超短期储能装置,研究发现此组合能源出力系统可以很好地平抑出力波动并达到出力最高,且经济效益良好。

丙三醇联合防腐剂对半干武昌鱼贮藏期间品质的影响

为改善半干武昌鱼货架期短、难以常温流通等问题,以半干武昌鱼为对象,通过测定菌落总数(total viable counts,TVC)、酵母菌和霉菌总数、微生物组成、总挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)含量、硫代巴比妥酸反应物(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARS)值、pH值等指标,并结合感官评分,研究丙三醇联合防腐剂对半干武昌鱼贮藏过程中品质的影响。结果表明,随着贮藏时间的延长,丙三醇联合复合防腐剂(0.075%山梨酸钾+0.025%脱氢乙酸钠)处理和对照组半干武昌鱼的感官评分均不断下降,TVC、酵母菌总数、乳杆菌属相对丰度、TVB-N含量、TBARS值、pH值均不断升高。与对照组相比,丙三醇联合防腐剂处理可以减缓半干武昌鱼感官评分下降,抑制细菌和酵母菌生长,减少细菌多样性,降低乳杆菌属细菌相对丰度,减少TVB-N的积累,减缓脂肪氧化速率,并将半干武昌鱼在25、15、4℃下的货架期分别延长2、4、7 d。本研究可为半干武昌鱼的质量控制与货架期延长提供参考。

冷应激对原料乳组分及超高温灭菌乳存储期理化变化的影响

温度是影响牛乳品质的重要应激因素,包括热应激和冷应激,在我国北方尤其是高寒地区冷应激对牛乳品质会产生一定影响。文章研究了冷应激对原料乳品质的影响及加工成超高温灭菌乳在储存期间的物理化学变化。结果表明,冷应激原料乳脂肪含量偏高、脂肪球更大,而总蛋白含量较低,α一乳白蛋白含量更高,在超高温灭菌乳储存期间更容易发生脂肪聚集。研究为实际生产中奶牛冷应激的合理控制与提高加工产品稳定性提供理论参考。

短波长紫外辐射对干红辣椒上黄曲霉的抑制机制

由于黄曲霉毒素具有强烈的致癌性,干红辣椒中的黄曲霉和黄曲霉毒素污染已经引起人们对食品安全的担忧。为研究短波长紫外线(ultraviolet light C,UV-C)在控制干红辣椒上黄曲霉污染的潜力。该研究通过控制UV-C紫外照射距离和时间,测定UV-C紫外在培养基和干红辣椒上黄曲霉菌落生长的直径和产黄曲霉毒素B1的含量,比较干红辣椒在不同UV-C照射时间前后颜色、天然着色物质、辣椒素类物质的变化,并通过测定黄曲霉胞内物质泄露、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(glutathione reductase,GSH)活性,研究UV-C紫外对黄曲霉的抑制机理。结果表明,UV-C紫外辐射在培养基上可以有效控制黄曲霉生长和产毒,菌落直径抑制率可达到100%,而且抑制效果依赖于辐照剂量;在干红辣椒上UV-C表现出类似的抑制黄曲霉生长和产毒效果,紫外处理2.5 h时,菌落总数下降2个数量级(抑制率大于95%);紫外照射距离为10cm时,黄曲霉生长直径仅为(14.75±0.86)mm,抑制率可达到60%以上。当紫外照射时间低于1.5 h时,对干红辣椒的品质影响不大;通过测定发现UV-C对黄曲霉的损伤机制是破坏细胞膜完整性、破坏细胞内抗氧化系统以及造成细胞脂质过氧化。由此可知,UV-C可作为控制干红辣椒中黄曲霉污染的有效工具,并降低干红辣椒中黄曲霉毒素污染。

改良超低温保存箱制备新鲜冰冻血浆的质量分析

目的 观察分析使用改良后的超低温保存箱,对制备新鲜冰冻血浆(FFP)的质量影响。方法 选取2023年7—11月采集的400 mL的合格全血标本80例(去除O型),实验分为4组,每组标本20例。A组:使用传统低温冰箱速冻1 h后,放入-30℃冷库储存;B组:使用平板速冻机速冻1 h后,放入-30℃冷库储存;C组:使用改良超低温保存箱速冻1 h后,放入-30℃冷库储存;D组:使用新改良超低温保存箱速冻1 h并储存12 h后,放入-30℃冷库储存。检测4组标本凝血因子FⅧ和纤维蛋白原(Fg)的含量。结果 B、C、D 3组的FⅧ含量均显著高于A组,有统计学差异(P<0.05),B、C、D 3组之间FⅧ含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),4组之间的Fg含量差异均没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 新改良的超低温保存箱在制备FFP的质量上优于低温冰箱的传统制备工艺,与平板速冻机制备效果差异无统计学意义,但改良式的超低温保存箱兼顾储存功能,可以使FFP的制备流程更加灵活,可以提高成分制备工作的效率。

萝卜干加工贮藏与高值化利用关键技术研究进展

萝卜是我国第二大蔬菜作物,2021年我国萝卜总产量约为1817.6万t,占全球萝卜产量的比重约为45%,年收获量约占蔬菜年产量的1/14。萝卜干是以萝卜为原材料,经腌制、发酵等工艺制成的具有特殊风味的萝卜食品。其口感爽脆、营养丰富,加工方法历史悠久,品种繁多,深受人们喜爱。萝卜干种类庞杂,在制作工艺上也有所差异。目前中国的萝卜干加工业依旧停留在初级阶段,种类单一,缺乏高值化加工技术。本综述简要介绍国内外萝卜干的生产工艺、加工现状、工艺优化等,阐述萝卜干贮藏与加工过程中的品质变化、影响因素以及萝卜干保鲜的措施;综述萝卜干的功能因子及其潜在的高值化利用技术。这对改善萝卜干腌制工艺,提高产品品质与安全性,推进萝卜干高值化加工利用具有重要的意义。

超干处理对菜豆种子活力及生理生化活性的影响

本研究旨在应用硅胶干燥的方法对菜豆进行超干处理,分析其主要生理活性相关指标,以期为菜豆种子的长期储藏提供科学依据和实践参考。超干处理后,应用考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法、TTC法、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法等测定蛋白质含量、脱氢酶(ADH)含量等指标。结果表明‘将军’含水量在6.95%时,种子活力及生理指标均高于对照,而抗氧化酶的活性显著低于对照;‘紫冠’含水量在6.89%时,各项生理指标均高于对照,O2-含量下降;‘热那亚’含水量在6.15%时,发芽率最高,蛋白含量、ADH活性明显上升,O2-含量、MDA不显著。这表明适度超干处理对‘将军’种子影响较大,对‘紫冠’、和‘热那亚’影响较小或者没有影响。通过试验结果可知,超干处理对于保存菜豆种子是可行的,为菜豆种子的长期储藏奠定下基础。