Progress in ultra-wideband planar antennas

This paper introduces the advances of ultra-wideband （UWB） and super-wideband （SWB） planar antennas based on the printed monopole, microstrip slot and other planar antenna designs in the last decade. A brief history of the ultrawideband antennas is first provided. Several types of planar antennas for UWB systems with band-notched designs are reviewed. Special SWB planar antenna designs with the bandwidth ratio greater than 10：1 including metal-plate and printed monopole antennas and tapered slot antennas are presented and compared.

Ultra-wideband printed antennas for communication applications

A new type of ultra-wideband （UWB） printed monopole antennas is presented, which is composed of a circular or armular patch and a trapeziform ground plane with a tapered CPW feeder in the middle. Both simulated and experimental results are presented, showing good agreement and therefore verifying validity of the design. The proposed antenna with a circular monopole patch achieves an 11.6： 1 measured ratio bandwidth of VSWR ≤2 （ from 0,79 GHz to 9.16 GHz）, while that with an annular patch obtains a measured ratio impedance bandwidth of 10.6：1 （from 0.87 GHz to 9.47 GHz）. In addition, these designs exhibit nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns with simple compact structures, which axe attractive in communications and others UWB applications.

Compact Ultra-wideband Microstrip Antenna with Metamaterials

An improved compact ultra-wideband(UWB)microstrip antenna with metamaterials is proposed.The total size is slightly reduced and the measured impedance bandwidth operates from 3.84 to 22.77 GHz for a return loss of less than-10 dB.Compared with the original patch antenna,the bandwidth of this antenna is about six times broader.Moreover,the antenna has an average gain of 6.2 dB,which is 1.2 dB larger than the original one.Both strong radiation in the horizontal direction and practical characteristics are observed.Thus,this antenna would have some specific applications for UWB wireless communications in the future.

An ultra-wideband pattern reconflgurable antenna based on graphene coating

An ultra-wideband pattern reconfigurable antenna is proposed.The antenna is a dielectric coaxial hollow monopole with a cylindrical graphene-based impedance surface coating.It consists of a graphene sheet coated onto the inner surface of a cylindrical substrate and a set of independent polysilicon DC gating pads mounted on the outside of the cylindrical substrate.By changing the DC bias voltages to the different gating pads,the surface impedance of the graphene coating can be freely controlled.Due to the tunability of graphene＇s surface impedance,the radiation pattern of the proposed antenna can be reconfigured.A transmission line method is used to illustrate the physical mechanism of the proposed antenna.The results show that the proposed antenna can reconfigure its radiation pattern in the omnidirectional mode with the relative bandwidth of 58.5% and the directional mode over the entire azimuth plane with the relative bandwidth of 67%.

Ultra-Wideband Annular Ring Fed Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Millimeter Wave 5G Applications

In this article an ultra-wideband rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna is designed for millimeter wave 5G frequency band applications.Indoor 5G communications require antenna system with wide bandwidth and high efficiency to enhance the throughput in the channel.To fulfill such requirements a Dielectric Resonator Antenna(DRA)is designed here which has achieved an ultra-wide bandwidth of 20.15%(22.32–27.56 GHz)which is 5.24 GHz of bandwidth centered at 26 GHz as resonating frequency.This covers the complete band 30(24.3–27.5 GHz)of 5G spectrum.26 and 28 GHz are considered as most popular frequencies in millimeter wave 5G communications.The aperture fed DRA designed here has also achieved an efficiency of 96 percentage with maximum radiation in the broadside direction(Phi=0,Theta=0).The measured gain of the DRA is 6.3 dB.The DRA designed here has dimensions of 0.25λ0×0.22λ0×0.12λ0.under the characteristic’s mode.The DRA is placed over a substrate with dimensions 0.5λ0×0.5λ0×0.02λ0.A cross slot aperture has been made on the ground plane which is placed above to the substrate.Here a full ground plane is used to resonate the antenna and is of similar dimension to the substrate.A microstrip line with two concentric rings makes an annular feed structure is used to excite the DRA and is placed below the substrate.The DRA is excited here in characteristics mode TE1Y1 and is the only mode of excitation.The DRA is linearly polarized,and the characteristic mode of excitation is maintained with 50 Ohm input impedance of the antenna.The DRA also gives here a good difference between the co-pol and cross pol approximately 15 to 20 dB.This antenna is more suitable for 5G indoor applications in millimeter wave frequency band centered at 26 GHz.

A Novel Ultra-Wideband Monopole Antenna with Band-Stop Characteristic

In this letter, a simple monopole antenna with variable band-notched characteristic for ultra wide band (UWB) function is proposed. Two L-shaped quarter-waveguide resonators coupled to the ground plane with two shorting tracks at the sides of the antenna are used to generate stop-band performance around 5.5 GHz (WLAN). The proposed antenna is fabricated on the substrate FR4 (relative permittivity of 4.7) and has a compact size of 16 × 28.5 × 1.6 mm. The designed antenna has a good impedance matching in 3.1 - 11.4 GHz frequency range with VSWR < 2, except the band 5 - 5.85 GHz.

Microstrip Patch Antenna with an Inverted T-Type Notch in the Partial Ground for Breast Cancer Detections

This study designs a microstrip patch antenna with an inverted T-type notch in the partial ground to detect tumorcells inside the human breast.The size of the current antenna is small enough(18mm×21mm×1.6mm)todistribute around the breast phantom.The operating frequency has been observed from6–14GHzwith a minimumreturn loss of−61.18 dB and themaximumgain of current proposed antenna is 5.8 dBiwhich is flexiblewith respectto the size of antenna.After the distribution of eight antennas around the breast phantom,the return loss curveswere observed in the presence and absence of tumor cells inside the breast phantom,and these observations showa sharp difference between the presence and absence of tumor cells.The simulated results show that this proposedantenna is suitable for early detection of cancerous cells inside the breast.

AN ULTRA-WIDEBAND ANTENNA FOR THE REINFORCED CONCRETE DETECTION

In this paper,an Ultra-Wideband(UWB) planar antenna is proposed for the reinforced concrete detection,which consists of a pair of planar waterdrop arms,a microstrip to coplanar parallel-strips transition and a shallow rectangular cavity.In order to overcome the disadvantages of the shallow cavity,some absorbing material is loaded to weaken the narrow-band effect of the cavity and the crosstalk interference.The simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna has a large bandwidth from 0.48 GHz to 3.6 GHz with Voltage Standing Wave Ratio(VSWR) below 2 and a fractional bandwidth about 200% under the center frequency of 1.6 GHz,directional radiation characteristics and small late-time ringing in the time domain,which can be suitable for nondestructive detection of the reinforced concrete.

Ultra-Wideband Log Periodic Dipole Antenna (LPDA) for Wireless Communication Applications

This paper proposes a printed log-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) for ultra wide bandwidth (UWB) applications. The antenna comprises of cascading four U shaped elements of different line lengths with balun circuit to improve the antenna impedance matching. The proposed antenna dimensions are 50 × 50 mm2 with FR4 substrate thickness 0.8 mm. Full-wave EM solver HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) is used for modeling the proposed antenna. The pulse distortion is verified by the measured the proposed antenna performance with virtually steady group delay. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed antenna exhibits good impedance matching, stable radiation patterns throughout the whole operating frequency bands, acceptable gain and stable group delay over the entire operating band. An UWB extended from 1.85 GHz to 11 GHz is obtained, and the average antenna gain is about 5.5 dBi over the operating band with peak gain around 6.5 dBi and 70% average radiation efficiency.

Ultra-Wideband Design of the Wire Conical Antenna

Using the wire construction technique, a conical monopole antenna is fabricated. With the method of moments, the dependences of the voltage standing wave ratio （VSWR） on the number of the trapezoid wire elements, conical angles, wire radius, etc. are investigated. The calculation and the experiment show that the designed wire conical antenna has the ultra-wideband property and can be used for the engineering.

Single-Layer Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Using Non-Uniform Metasurface for C-band Applications

A single-layer design of non-uniform metasurface(MS)based circularly polarized(CP)antenna with wideband operation characteristic is proposed and investigated in this paper.The antenna is excited by a truncated corner squared patch as a primary radiating CP source.Then,a non-uniform MS is placed in the same layer with the driven patch.Besides increasing the impedance bandwidth,the non-uniform MS also generates two additional CP bands in the high frequency band,leading to significantly increase the antenna’s overall performances.The use of non-uniform MS distinguishes our design from the other CP MS based antennas in literature,in which the MS is formed by multiple uniform unit cells and placed in different layer with the radiating element.For validation,an antenna prototype,whose overall dimensions of 0.94λ_(o)×0.94λ_(o)×0.06λ_(o) at the center operating frequency,is fabricated and experimentally tested.The measured operating bandwidth with|S11|≤−10 dB and AR≤3 dB is 27.1%(5.1–6.7 GHz)and the broadside gain within this band is from 5.7 to 7.2 dBic.Compared to the other related works,the proposed antenna has advantage of very wideband operation with single-layer design.

A NOVEL WIDEBAND ANTENNA DESIGN USING U-SLOT

U-slot patch antennas with ∏-shaped feed slot are studied,and numerical results based on the FDTD method are presented. The effects of varying physical parameters are investigated with a goal of understanding the coupling among different resonators. It is found that the U-slot patch antenna can be designed to attain 50% impedance bandwidth as well as 30-40% gain bandwidth. By altering the sizes of U-slot and feed slot,the wideband characteristic can be changed into a dual-frequency char-acteristic.

Wideband dipole antenna with inter-digital capacitor

A dipole antenna with wideband characteristics is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a dipole with periodic capacitive loading and a pair of coplanar striplines （CPSs） as an impedance transformer. By adding interlaced coupling lines at each section, periodic capacitive loading is realized. The periodic interlaced coupling lines divide each arm of the dipole into five sections, and currents are distributed on different sections at different frequencies, which is useful to achieve a wide impedance bandwidth. By parametric study using HFSS, the optimized parameters of this dipole antenna are obtained. In order to validate the simulation results, a prototype of the proposed dipole antenna is fabricated and tested. The results show that the proposed antenna can achieve a gain of 3.1 dB–5.1 dB and bandwidth of 51% for ｜S 11 ｜ 10 dB over the band of 3.9 GHz–6.6 GHz, indicating its good radiation performance and radiation efficiency.

Experimental Study of On-Body Radio Channel Performance of a Compact Ultra Wideband Antenna

In this paper, on-body radio channel performance of a compact ultra wideband (UWB) antenna is investigated for body-centric wireless communications. Measurement campaigns were first done in the chamber and then repeated in an indoor environment for comparison. The path loss parameter for eight different on-body radio channels has been characterized and analyzed. In addition, the path loss was modeled as a function of distance for 34 different receiver locations for propagation along the front part of the body. Results and analysis show that, compared with anechoic chamber, a reduction of 16.34% path loss exponent is noticed in indoor environment. The antenna shows very good on-body radio channel performance and will be a suitable candidate for future efficient and reliable body-centric wireless communications.

Wideband Polarization Reconfigurable Dielectric Resonator Antenna

A wideband polarization reconfigurable dielectric resonator antenna excited by quasilumped quadrature coupler（ QLQC） is proposed. By adjusting the value of varactor diode on the QLQC feed network,both the wideband LP and CP dielectric resonator antennas（ DRA） modes can be achieved. By selecting a different feed port,left-and right-handed CP conversion can be realized.It is found that the 10 dB impedance bandwidth of the LP and CP modes are 10. 1% and 44. 9%,respectively.For the CP mode,a very wide 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 37. 7% can be obtained which is much larger than that of the microstrip patch counterpart（ 3. 8%）. It is worth mentioning that the wideband CP DRA has a stable broadside radiation pattern across the whole operating band where the boresight gain is larger than 3 dBi.

Design of a low-sidelobe-level and wideband dielectric resonator antenna array for 60 GHz millimeter wave communication

A low-sidelobe-level( SLL) and wideband linear dielectric resonator antenna( DRA) array is proposed for 60 GHz millimeter wave communication. The array consists of 10 wideband DRAs which work at 60 GHz and it is fed by a Chebyshev feeding network to get a low SLL. To avoid the influence from the feeding network,a U-shaped substrate and a conformal ground are used,which can separate the DRA array and the feeding network. The parameter analysis and simulated results are presented.

A NOVEL ULTRA WIDEBAND MONOPOLE ANTENNA WITH BAND-NOTCHED CHARACTERISTICS

A simple and compact microstrip-fed Ultra WideBand(UWB) printed monopole antenna with band-notched characteristic is proposed in this paper.The antenna is composed of a square ring with a small strip bar,so that the antenna occupies about 7.69 GHz bandwidth covering 3.11～10.8 GHz with expected band rejection from 5.12 GHz to 5.87 GHz.A quasi-omnidirectional and quasi-sym-metrical radiation pattern is also obtained.This kind of band-notched UWB antenna requires no ex-ternal filters and thus greatly simplifies the system design of UWB wireless communication.

A Novel Kind of Wideband Low-Profile Dielectric Resonator Antenna Suitable for Beam-scanning Applications

In this paper, a low-profile wideband dielectric resonator antenna(DRA) with a very compact planar size is investigated. The antenna consists of a high permittivity dielectric sheet on the top, a low permittivity substrate in the middle, and a probe feeding structure at the bottom. By digging an annular slot in the designated area of the square dielectric sheet, the resonant frequency of fundamental TE111 mode can be effectively increased to be close to the high-order TE131 mode. The two modes can be finally merged together, yielding a wide impedance bandwidth of16.6%. Most importantly, the combination of the two modes is done on the premise of a fixed antenna planar size, which can be very compact and suitable for beam-scanning applications. A probe feeding structure is used to excite the DRA, making the antenna simple and practical to be integrated with other RF circuits. For verification, antenna prototypes with singlefeed linear polarization and differential-feed dual polarization were fabricated and measured. Reasonable agreement between the measured and simulated results is observed.

Characteristic mode analysis of wideband high-gain and low-profile metasurface antenna

A wideband high-gain and low-profile metasurface antenna is proposed by analyzing characteristic quantities and parameters in the characteristic modes(CMs). The detailed modal current and modal weighting coefficient are analyzed to explain the broadband operation and high gain. A dominant characteristic mode is well excited, leading to a broadband operation. The mode behaviors of the excitation are changed to suppress the unwanted higher-order modes and improve the radiation performance by changing the widths of two patches. The measured impedance bandwidth for-10 dB is 39.8%(5.3 GHz–7.94 GHz) with a gain of 7.8 dBi–10.04 dBi over the operating bandwidth.

Wideband Sierpinski Carpet Fractal Shaped Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for X-Band Application

In this paper, a wideband Sierpinski carpet patterned cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) operating in the X-Band is proposed. This DRA is realized from low cost Teflon. An impedance bandwidth of 50% is obtained cove- ring the entire X-band with similar radiation pattern throughout the band. The average peak gain within the band is about 5.5 dBi.