Effects of Bamboo Vinegar on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Different Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties

[Objective] The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of bamboo vinegar on seed germination and seedling growth of different flue-cured to- bacco varieties, so as to provide some references for its application in tobacco pro- duction. [Method] By using indoor culture dish method and greenhouse seedling- raising plate culture,four different concentrations of bamboo vinegar dilution （50, 100, 200 and 400 times）were designed and clean water was used as the control （CK）. The germination indices of Yunyan 97, Guiyan 2, Jiucaiping 2 and Bina 1 were de- termined after seed germinating. The seedling growth indices of Yunyan 97 were investigated after 10 days of spaying bamboo vinegar on seedling leaves at the 3r~ time. [Result] Compared with CK, different bamboo vinegar dilutions could inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of all flue-cured tobacco varieties. The seed germination rate and index, vigor index, whole length, root length, stem length and fresh weight of seedlings of all varieties presented decreasing trend to varying de- grees, moreover, most of them reached significant level. Compared with CK, spray- ing different concentrations of bamboo vinegar dilution at the seedling stage could improve the quality of seedlings. In all bamboo vinegar treatments, the plant height, the maximum leaf length and root volume under 100 times dilution treatment were the highest with 3.36 and 10.14 cm, and 0.92 ml, respectively. And the stem girth, dry weight and the maximum leaf width of seedlings under 400 times dilution treat- ment also showed the highest with 1.82 cm, 0.262 g and 5.74 cm, respectively. [Conclusion] Supplying different concentrations of bamboo vinegar solution on culture dish could inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of flue-cured tobacco, while spraying 100-400 times bamboo vinegar solution to leaves could promote the seedling growth and improve the quality of Yunyan 97 to varying degrees.

Tobacco Seeds By-Product as Protein Source for Piglets

Tobacco seed cake is a by-product with interesting characteristics for animal nutrition, due to its high protein content. The focus of this study is to evaluate if tobacco seed cake, administered in feed, can affect principal serum metabolic parameters of weaned piglets in order to establish if it can be used as both a delivery system of edible vaccines and an alternative protein source in piglets diet. A total of 48 weaned piglets were divided in two homogeneous groups for weight, control (CG) and treatment (TG);TG and CG were fed ad libitum with two isoenergetic and isoproteic experimental diets (CP: 17.68% CG and 17.64% TG) differentiated for the inclusion of 4% of tobacco seed cake in the TG diet in replacement of wheat bran and soybean meal. Growth performances were evaluated and feed intake was measured weekly. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 20 and 43 to evaluate hematocrit and principal metabolic parameters, in order to assess the health status of the animals. The administration of tobacco did not impaire health status and growth performance of piglets. The use of bioenergy co-products from non-food crops may represent a good approach creating an integration between biofuel and food production, with consequent benefits for food security and environmental impact.

不同药剂引发对烤烟种子萌发和幼苗低温响应的影响

为更好地提高烟草催芽种子质量,提升幼苗素质培育壮苗,以中烟100和中川208为试验材料,研究了不同浓度的赤霉素(GA3)和生防菌剂“海益农”浸种引发处理对种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗最长根长、最大叶面积、幼苗根干(鲜)质量、地上部分干(鲜)质量、抗氧化酶及丙二醛等指标的影响。结果表明,赤霉素对中烟100和中川208浸种引发的最适浓度分别是100 mg/L和50 mg/L,而“海益农”浸种引发的最适浓度则分别是2 g/L和1 g/L。赤霉素和“海益农”的大多数处理对两个烟草品种幼苗的生长都具有显著促进作用。采用隶属函数法对种子萌发指标和幼苗生长指标进行综合评价,从促进种子萌发和培育壮苗的角度,对中烟100促进作用最好的处理为赤霉素200 mg/L,其次为“海益农”1 g/L;而对中川208促进作用最好的处理为“海益农”1 g/L,其次为“海益农”20 g/L。对低温胁迫下幼苗叶片MDA和抗氧化酶活性的综合评价结果表明,提高中烟100耐冷能力的最好处理为“海益农”2 g/L,其次为赤霉素100 mg/L;提高中川208耐冷能力的最好处理为赤霉素100 mg/L,其次为“海益农”8 g/L。综上,不同烟草品种种子萌发、幼苗提壮和抗冷害效果达到最佳时,所使用的引发药剂种类和浓度不同,在生产中需要根据实际情况灵活选择使用。

烟苗移栽机用浇水装置的设计与试验

针对现有烟苗移栽机用浇水装置水资源利用率不高、浇水时会对幼苗和土壤造成强烈冲击以及不能够与移栽作业保持同步运行等问题,提出了一种新的烟苗移栽机用浇水装置。通过建立该装置的三维模型并对其中的倒水组件进行了理论研究和ADAMS仿真,得到了其运动特性及运动曲线图。首先,以时间作为试验指标,通过浇水组件对不同体积的水进行浇灌试验,测量所需的倒水时间和总时间,并对其进行一元线性回归拟合得到拟合方程;其次,采用相同体积的水,利用不同出水口口径的导流器进行浇灌试验并进行单因素方差分析。结果表明:导流器出水口口径的大小是影响浇水时间的重要因素,口径越大,导流速度越快,浇水所需时间越短。将装置设置于移栽机上,可与移栽作业保持同步。研究为移栽机用浇水装置提供了一种新的设计思路和理论依据。

Increased Storability of Haloxylon ammodendron Seeds in Ultra-drying Storage

梭梭 (HaloxylonammodendronBge .)的种子为短命种子 ,在自然状态下 ,种子的含水量为 8.5 % ,寿命约为 10个月。将梭梭种子含水量降至 2 .5 %和 1.4% ,其耐贮藏力增强。经过 5 0℃下 5d和 10d的人工加速老化后 ,超干种子表现出较强的抗老化能力。与对照相比 ,超干种子具有较高的萌发率、活力指数及较长的根 。

Studies on Ultra-dry Storage and Genetic Stability of Vegetable Seeds

[Objective] To study the long-term ultra-dry storage method and genetic stability of vegetable seeds.[Method] Seeds of Lycopersicum esculentum,Raphanus satuvus and Apium graveolen.were chosen as material.The changes of seed vigor,viability and genetic stability after ultra-storage were discussed by studying the seed potentiality,shoot length,germination percentage and the chromosome aberration rate of root tip cells.[Results] Maintaining the low moisture content,different vegetable species had different storage effects of the long-term storage seeds under normal temperature.The Lycopersicum esculentum and Raphanus satuvus seeds were more suitable to ultra-dry storage at normal temperature,and could keep good genetic stability,while the seeds of Apium graveolen had bad performance.[Conclusion] This study established the foundation of studying ultra-dry storage of vegetable seeds.

表达SmERF1调节烟草种子大小及耐盐性

【目的】ERF转录因子生物功能广泛,在调控植物生长发育和响应胁迫中发挥重要作用。前期研究显示,丹参SmERF1参与植物响应胁迫反应。该研究旨在进一步明确SmERF1潜在的生物功能,并为药用植物抗性及种子发育研究奠定基础。【方法】该研究采用农杆菌介导的方法在模式植物烟草中异源表达了丹参SmERF1基因;通过抗性相关酶活性变化检测,对转基因植株抗性进行评价;通过酶联免疫方法和qPCR方法分析GA和ABA等激素含量及合成途径关键酶基因的表达变化。【结果】(1)表达SmERF1的烟草植株在幼苗期表现出生长缓慢、生物量和叶绿素减少,而在其他生长阶段与对照植株没有明显差异;此外,表达SmERF1的烟草植株种子比野生对照的种子小、轻;(2)在盐处理下,转基因烟草株系中脯氨酸含量、SOD和POD活性高于对照株系,而MDA含量低于对照株系,转基因烟草株系表现出较高的耐盐性;(3)在转烟草株系中,ABA含量上调,GA水平降低。实时定量PCR结果显示,表达SmERF1调节了与植物激素生物合成相关的关键酶基因的表达,如NtSDR、NtGA20ox、NtACO和NtACS。【结论】SmERF1通过ABA依赖途径增强了烟草对盐胁迫的耐受性,并调控种子大小。

Comparison of Methods for Ultra-drying of Chinese Chive Seeds

[Objective] This study aimed to identify the ultra-drying method most suitable for the storage of Chinese chive seeds through comparing different ultra-drying meth- ods. [Method] Through setting treatments including freezing, silica gel drying and heating drying at 50℃ as well as two controls, the effects of different drying methods for storing ultra-dried Chinese chive seeds were compared. [Result] There were no significant differences in the germination rate and seedling length between Chinese chive seeds treated with heating drying at 50℃ and those treated with either freezing or get drying at the initial stage of the storage. Storing of Chinese chive seeds previously treated with either heating drying at 50℃, or freezing or gel drying for 0-98 months at 20℃ hadn＇t caused any adverse effect on the germination rate of seeds. And the effect of different storage conditions on seedling length displayed earlier than that on the germination rate. There was no significant difference on seedling length between seeds treated with heating drying at 50℃ and those treated with freezing drying after stored for as long as 98 months, revealing similar efficacy on storing seeds. [Conclusion] Freezing drying requires huge investment and cost for perennial running, and silica gel drying is slow in drying and time-consuming. By contrast, heating drying at 50℃ is an economic and simple method, which can enable the Chinese chive seeds to sustain a longevity of eight years or more.

混播绿肥压青下植烟土壤微生物量及酶活性特征

为探讨混播绿肥压青对植烟土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性的影响,采用小区定位试验设计,设置不种植绿肥(对照)、单播黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、单播光叶紫花苕(Vicia villosa var.glabrescens)、混播黑麦草和光叶紫花苕(混播绿肥压青)4个处理,连续定位2年后分析土壤微生物数量和酶活性。结果表明,混播绿肥压青土壤的细菌总数和硝化细菌数量分别是对照的2.25~3.62倍和1.60~3.11倍,是单播黑麦草的1.31~1.76倍和1.43~2.92倍,是单播光叶紫花苕的1.25~1.88倍和1.08~1.27倍;混播绿肥压青土壤的放线菌和真菌数量大田前期分别为单播绿肥的1.13~2.00倍和1.02~1.93倍,大田中后期均低于单播绿肥;大田后期土壤氨化细菌数量各处理间差异均不显著。烟株不同生育时期混播绿肥压青土壤的过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和纤维素酶的活性均显著高于对照(P<0.05),也均不同程度地高于单播黑麦草和单播光叶紫花苕。由此可知,混播绿肥压青有利于改善植烟土壤的微生态环境,可作为植烟土壤保育技术模式。

神9优28烟后稻机械精量穴直播种植表现及高产栽培技术

为加快烟后稻机械直播推广进程,以神9优28新品种进行烟后稻机械精量穴直播技术试验示范,对比分析其种植表现,总结高产栽培技术。神9优28作烟后稻机械精量穴直播栽培品种,具有株型矮壮、分蘖力强、生育期适中、品质优、抗逆性强、产量高等特点,栽培遵循“种子处理促成苗、精细整田促全苗、适时播种促高产、防治杂草促分蘖、科学施肥防倒伏、合理管水促深根、病虫防治保丰收、适时收获保品质”等关键技术,可延长前茬烤烟终采期,达到优质、高产。该栽培技术可为农民应用水稻机械精量穴直播种植技术提供参考依据。

补骨脂种子提取物对链格孢菌生长及其侵染烟草的影响

为探究补骨脂种子提取物对烟草赤星病菌的作用效果及其对烟草抗氧化酶活性的影响,以烟草赤星病病原菌链格孢菌和云烟87为试验材料,研究了不同浓度补骨脂种子提取物处理下链格孢菌菌丝生长情况以及补骨脂种子提取物处理后接种链格孢菌的成熟烟叶中防御酶活性变化。结果表明,0.2%补骨脂种子提取物12.5 g/L对链格孢菌菌丝生长的抑制效果最好,处理3 d后抑制率达到74%以上,且具有浓度效应和时效性。0.2%补骨脂种子提取物2.5 g/L能提高烟草抗氧化酶活性,0.2%补骨脂种子提取物2.5 g/L处理24 h后接种链格孢菌,烟叶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均较喷施蒸馏水对照显著提高。补骨脂种子提取物既可抑制链格孢菌菌丝生长,又能提高烟株抗氧化能力和抗病性,有助于抵御病原物入侵。本研究可为进一步研究补骨脂种子提取物提高植物抗病性的作用及其在防治烟草赤星病方面的应用提供参考。

Effects of Ultra-drying Treatment on Large Amounts of Four Kinds of Crop Seeds

This study was to understand the physiological changes of four kinds of crop seeds including baby corn, cowpea, radish and rape- seed, under the treatment of ultra-drying. Large amounts of seeds as experimental materials （ 10 kg for each material） were respectively dried to the suitable water content consistent with the ultra-dried seed criterion via heating at 50 ~C; then the physiological indices of these ultra-dried seeds such as water content, seed germination, dehydrogenase activity and SOD activity were measured. The results showed that except cowpea seeds, whose ultra-drying treatment should be controlled between two and four days, other three kinds of seeds were tolerant to high tem- perature and low water content. The ultra-dried seeds assumed similar or even higher activities than CKs, but showed no damage symptom. Our result proves that ultra-drying treatment via heating at 50 ℃ is safe and efficient to experimental seeds.

Effect of Moisture Content on Melilotus suaveolens Seed Quality During Ultra-drying Storage

In order to enhance the seed storability and supply high-quality seeds for vegetation restoration in the arid and semi-arid regions in Northwest China,the effects of ultra-drying and accelerated aging on the physiological characterstics of Melilotus suaveolens seeds were studied.Melilotus suaveolens seeds were dried in a desiccator containing silica gel to 80,53,42,33,23 and 16 g·kg-1 of moisture contents（MC）,respectively.The parameters of the seed quality including germination energy（GE）,germination percentage（GP）,relative conductivity（RC）,dehydrogenase activity（DA） and α-amylase activity（AA） were determined after ultra-drying and accelerated aging.The results showed that ultra-dried seeds with 42 g·kg-1 of MC showed the minimum changes of GE and GP before and after seed aging.Moreover,ultra-dry seeds with 42 g·kg-1 of MC showed higher DA and AA,and lower RC than non-ultra-drying seeds.Therefore,ultra-drying to 42 g·kg-1 of MC was helpful for M.suaveolens seed storage.

雪茄烟叶可调式苗床起垄铺膜机设计与试验

针对我国雪茄烟叶种植苗床整理阶段工序繁琐、农艺要求高、工作量大、效率低且缺乏专用机具,现有其他作物的苗床整理机具主要适用沙壤土的作业环境且多采用被动起垄,在我国雪茄烟叶种植区域偏黏性土质工况下起垄效果差的问题,结合雪茄烟叶根系生长特点与苗床农艺要求,设计了雪茄烟叶可调式苗床起垄铺膜机,可实现旋耕、深施肥、起垄、铺膜和膜边覆土的一体化作业。根据起垄成形原理及垄形要求,确定了旋耕集土作业参数,对整形镇压辊进行了结构设计及力学分析,阐述了苗床高度调节原理,匹配了机具前进速度、旋耕集土起垄装置转速与整形镇压辊转速之间的速度关系,并结合地膜破损条件和膜边覆土影响因素,分析确定了压边轮和覆土圆盘的结构及工作参数。田间试验表明,作业后垄体的平均垄高为277.4 mm、垄基宽为701.8 mm、垄距为1 230.2 mm、垄沟宽为514.4 mm,垄高、垄基宽、垄距及垄沟宽的稳定性系数均大于94%;两种工况下的平均膜边覆土宽度分别为71.7、75.6 mm,稳定性系数分别为88.87%、87.00%,各项试验指标均满足雪茄烟叶种植要求。

不同浓度的镉和铅对烟草种子萌发的影响

通过水培试验法研究了Cd^(2+)(0、2、4、8 mg/L和16 mg/L)和Pb^(2+)(0、5、10、15 mg/L和20 mg/L)对烟草(云烟87号)种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果显示Pb^(2+)抑制云烟87种子的萌发,其浓度在15 mg/L时烟草种子的发芽势和发芽指数出现明显下降;Cd^(2+)对云烟87种子的萌发无明显抑制作用,并且对云烟87种子的发芽势呈现促进作用.Pb和Cd均抑制云烟87幼苗的生长,且云烟87幼苗的死亡率随Pb^(2+)和Cd^(2+)浓度的升高而升高.在水培条件下,云烟87种子对重金属的耐受性高于云烟87幼苗.

烟草种子直接诱导愈伤组织的方法探究

以烟草种子为材料,探究从种子直接诱导出愈伤组织的方法。结果表明:烟草种子愈伤诱导受2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)和6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)不同激素配比影响,其中,在0.1~2.0 mg/L 2,4-D和6-BA的激素浓度范围内均能诱导出愈伤组织,但大小和质量各不相同。值得注意的是,种子在含1.0 mg/L 2,4-D+1.0 mg/L 6-BA的培养基中培养,能较快诱导出愈伤组织,但愈伤组织块较为松散;而在含0.1 mg/L 2,4-D+1.0 mg/L 6-BA的培养基中培养,诱导出的愈伤组织较为紧密。进一步通过石蜡切片观察发现,在1.0 mg/L 2,4-D+1.0 mg/L 6-BA培养条件下诱导出的愈伤组织细胞较大,但排列不规则,多为非胚性细胞;相反,在0.1 mg/L 2,4-D+1.0 mg/L 6-BA培养条件下诱导出的愈伤组织细胞虽然较小,但排列规则,多为胚性细胞。研究结果为从烟草种子诱导培养愈伤组织提供新的技术参考,也为烟草遗传转化研究提供便利。

烟草种子萌动前后的蛋白与多肽分析

【背景和目的】种子的萌发是幼苗建成并正常生长的基础,研究种子萌发机制并鉴定相关功能物质,对于促进萌发、提高种子活力具有重要意义。【方法】本研究基于液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS/MS)方法,对吸水萌动前后的烟草种子的蛋白和多肽进行了分析。【结果】在干种子(萌动前种子)中鉴定到蛋白72个,在吸水萌动种子中鉴定到蛋白192个。富集分析发现,干种子中的蛋白主要富集在应对种子的氧化或逆境胁迫,吸水萌动种子中的蛋白主要富集在蛋白合成以及温度响应相关过程。在干种子中进一步筛选到7个多肽分子,在吸水萌动的种子中进一步筛选到13个多肽分子,其中有5个为共有多肽。通过外源多肽处理种子,发现适宜浓度的半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(Cysteineproteinaseinhibitor,CYS3)能够促进未成熟(授粉后20d采收)烟草种子的萌发。【结论】本研究从蛋白和多肽层面为解析种子吸水萌发的机制提供了理论依据,也为多肽在种子萌发过程的功能研究提供了新的认识。

针刺联合耳穴压豆治疗烟草依赖临床研究

目的:观察针刺联合耳穴压豆治疗烟草依赖的临床疗效并评估其卫生经济学效益。方法:将纳入烟草依赖的60例患者采用随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组各30例。研究组行针刺联合耳穴压豆治疗,对照组行尼古丁贴治疗。比较2组戒烟成功率,治疗前后呼出一氧化碳(CO)值,尼古丁依赖检验量表(FTND)、烟草自制力量表(AUTOS)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分,以及改善每单位上述指标所需成本。结果:(1)临床疗效结果。研究组戒烟成功5例,成功率16.7%;对照组戒烟成功7例,成功率23.3%,2组戒烟成功率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组呼出CO值,FTND、AUTOS、HAMA评分分别与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组治疗后呼出CO值,FTND、AUTOS、HAMA评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)卫生经济学评价结果。研究组总费用为32720.00元,对照组总费用为50968.80元,2组治疗费用比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。呼出CO数值每下降1 ppm,研究组所需成本284.52元,对照组407.75元;FTND评分每减少1分,研究组所需成本348.09元,对照组579.19元;AUTOS评分每减少1分,研究组所需成本113.61元,对照组146.88元;HAMA评分每减少1分,研究组所需成本203.23元,对照组337.54元。结论:针刺联合耳穴压豆与尼古丁贴治疗均可缓解尼古丁依赖,减轻焦虑,帮助戒烟,且疗效相当,但获得相似戒烟效果,针刺结合耳穴治疗所需成本更低。

抗氧化系统参与水杨酸诱导烟草幼苗抗冷性提高的生化机制

烟草苗期冷害是影响烟草农业生产的一个重要问题,通过各种农艺措施来提高烟苗抗冷性有重要的实际意义。以2个烟草主栽品种‘云烟97’和‘K326’为材料,用浓度为0、0.5、1.0、1.5 mmol/L的水杨酸(SA)对其幼苗进行预处理后进行10℃的低温处理12 d。结果表明,与未处理的对照相比,SA预处理能显著降低‘云烟97’和‘K326’幼苗在低温胁迫过程中叶片的丙二醛(MDA)含量和电解质渗漏率,减缓干物质的消耗速度,增加叶绿素含量和增强根系活力,改善幼苗的根长、表面积、体积和根尖数,促进根系的生长,最终提高烟草幼苗的抗冷性。不同品种有不同的适宜的SA浓度,‘云烟97’的最适浓度为1.5 mmol/L,‘K326’的最适浓度为1.0 mmol/L;SA预处理后,与未预处理的对照相比,在进入低温处理前和低温处理期间,烟草幼苗抗氧化系统中的主要抗氧化剂还原型抗坏血酸(ASA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量均保持在较高的水平,而氧化型ASA和GSH含量则保持在较低水平,还原型抗氧化剂在总抗氧化剂中的比例提高;主要的抗氧化酶抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、愈创木酚过氧化物酶(GPX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)均保持较高的活性。这些结果表明,SA预处理后,与未处理对照相比,烟草幼苗均能保持较高的还原型抗氧化剂水平和抗氧化酶活力,并且在低温胁迫期间依然能维持较高的抗氧化能力,这是SA处理能诱导烟草幼苗抗冷性提高的重要生化基础。研究结果不仅对烟草抗冷育苗有参考意义,也对其他农作物、蔬菜的育苗和早期栽培有借鉴作用。

烟秆生物炭对直播稻生长的影响

为明确生物炭在直播稻生产中的应用价值,以优质籼稻农香42为材料,采用盆栽方式,研究了烟秆生物炭对不同播种密度直播稻生长的影响。结果表明,不同浓度的烟秆生物炭对不同播种密度直播稻生长影响存在差异。相同烟秆生物炭浓度下,随着播种密度的增加,分蘖数呈减少趋势,且低浓度烟秆生物炭(C 5)的分蘖数减少幅度大于高浓度烟秆生物炭(C 10)。烟秆生物炭对不同时期直播稻叶片SPAD影响不同,与C 0相比,烟秆生物炭处理后农香42分蘖期的叶片叶绿色SPAD降低;在同一烟秆生物炭浓度下,不同播种密度农香42叶片SPAD值变化趋势一致,其中齐穗期高浓度烟秆生物炭(C 10)处理能够增加叶片SPAD值。农艺性状数据表明,除结实率和千粒重2个性状外,同一烟秆生物炭浓度下,穗长、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、穗粒数以及实粒数等5个性状均表现为播种密度M 1>M 2>M 3。此外,C 20浓度烟秆生物炭抑制直播稻农香42的生长。烟秆生物炭施入浓度为C 5,播种密度为M 1时对直播稻的生长较好。