Effects of Bamboo Vinegar on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Different Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties

[Objective] The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of bamboo vinegar on seed germination and seedling growth of different flue-cured to- bacco varieties, so as to provide some references for its application in tobacco pro- duction. [Method] By using indoor culture dish method and greenhouse seedling- raising plate culture,four different concentrations of bamboo vinegar dilution （50, 100, 200 and 400 times）were designed and clean water was used as the control （CK）. The germination indices of Yunyan 97, Guiyan 2, Jiucaiping 2 and Bina 1 were de- termined after seed germinating. The seedling growth indices of Yunyan 97 were investigated after 10 days of spaying bamboo vinegar on seedling leaves at the 3r~ time. [Result] Compared with CK, different bamboo vinegar dilutions could inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of all flue-cured tobacco varieties. The seed germination rate and index, vigor index, whole length, root length, stem length and fresh weight of seedlings of all varieties presented decreasing trend to varying de- grees, moreover, most of them reached significant level. Compared with CK, spray- ing different concentrations of bamboo vinegar dilution at the seedling stage could improve the quality of seedlings. In all bamboo vinegar treatments, the plant height, the maximum leaf length and root volume under 100 times dilution treatment were the highest with 3.36 and 10.14 cm, and 0.92 ml, respectively. And the stem girth, dry weight and the maximum leaf width of seedlings under 400 times dilution treat- ment also showed the highest with 1.82 cm, 0.262 g and 5.74 cm, respectively. [Conclusion] Supplying different concentrations of bamboo vinegar solution on culture dish could inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of flue-cured tobacco, while spraying 100-400 times bamboo vinegar solution to leaves could promote the seedling growth and improve the quality of Yunyan 97 to varying degrees.

Tobacco Seeds By-Product as Protein Source for Piglets

Tobacco seed cake is a by-product with interesting characteristics for animal nutrition, due to its high protein content. The focus of this study is to evaluate if tobacco seed cake, administered in feed, can affect principal serum metabolic parameters of weaned piglets in order to establish if it can be used as both a delivery system of edible vaccines and an alternative protein source in piglets diet. A total of 48 weaned piglets were divided in two homogeneous groups for weight, control (CG) and treatment (TG);TG and CG were fed ad libitum with two isoenergetic and isoproteic experimental diets (CP: 17.68% CG and 17.64% TG) differentiated for the inclusion of 4% of tobacco seed cake in the TG diet in replacement of wheat bran and soybean meal. Growth performances were evaluated and feed intake was measured weekly. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 20 and 43 to evaluate hematocrit and principal metabolic parameters, in order to assess the health status of the animals. The administration of tobacco did not impaire health status and growth performance of piglets. The use of bioenergy co-products from non-food crops may represent a good approach creating an integration between biofuel and food production, with consequent benefits for food security and environmental impact.

Increased Storability of Haloxylon ammodendron Seeds in Ultra-drying Storage

梭梭 (HaloxylonammodendronBge .)的种子为短命种子 ,在自然状态下 ,种子的含水量为 8.5 % ,寿命约为 10个月。将梭梭种子含水量降至 2 .5 %和 1.4% ,其耐贮藏力增强。经过 5 0℃下 5d和 10d的人工加速老化后 ,超干种子表现出较强的抗老化能力。与对照相比 ,超干种子具有较高的萌发率、活力指数及较长的根 。

Studies on Ultra-dry Storage and Genetic Stability of Vegetable Seeds

[Objective] To study the long-term ultra-dry storage method and genetic stability of vegetable seeds.[Method] Seeds of Lycopersicum esculentum,Raphanus satuvus and Apium graveolen.were chosen as material.The changes of seed vigor,viability and genetic stability after ultra-storage were discussed by studying the seed potentiality,shoot length,germination percentage and the chromosome aberration rate of root tip cells.[Results] Maintaining the low moisture content,different vegetable species had different storage effects of the long-term storage seeds under normal temperature.The Lycopersicum esculentum and Raphanus satuvus seeds were more suitable to ultra-dry storage at normal temperature,and could keep good genetic stability,while the seeds of Apium graveolen had bad performance.[Conclusion] This study established the foundation of studying ultra-dry storage of vegetable seeds.

Comparison of Methods for Ultra-drying of Chinese Chive Seeds

[Objective] This study aimed to identify the ultra-drying method most suitable for the storage of Chinese chive seeds through comparing different ultra-drying meth- ods. [Method] Through setting treatments including freezing, silica gel drying and heating drying at 50℃ as well as two controls, the effects of different drying methods for storing ultra-dried Chinese chive seeds were compared. [Result] There were no significant differences in the germination rate and seedling length between Chinese chive seeds treated with heating drying at 50℃ and those treated with either freezing or get drying at the initial stage of the storage. Storing of Chinese chive seeds previously treated with either heating drying at 50℃, or freezing or gel drying for 0-98 months at 20℃ hadn＇t caused any adverse effect on the germination rate of seeds. And the effect of different storage conditions on seedling length displayed earlier than that on the germination rate. There was no significant difference on seedling length between seeds treated with heating drying at 50℃ and those treated with freezing drying after stored for as long as 98 months, revealing similar efficacy on storing seeds. [Conclusion] Freezing drying requires huge investment and cost for perennial running, and silica gel drying is slow in drying and time-consuming. By contrast, heating drying at 50℃ is an economic and simple method, which can enable the Chinese chive seeds to sustain a longevity of eight years or more.

Effects of Ultra-drying Treatment on Large Amounts of Four Kinds of Crop Seeds

This study was to understand the physiological changes of four kinds of crop seeds including baby corn, cowpea, radish and rape- seed, under the treatment of ultra-drying. Large amounts of seeds as experimental materials （ 10 kg for each material） were respectively dried to the suitable water content consistent with the ultra-dried seed criterion via heating at 50 ~C; then the physiological indices of these ultra-dried seeds such as water content, seed germination, dehydrogenase activity and SOD activity were measured. The results showed that except cowpea seeds, whose ultra-drying treatment should be controlled between two and four days, other three kinds of seeds were tolerant to high tem- perature and low water content. The ultra-dried seeds assumed similar or even higher activities than CKs, but showed no damage symptom. Our result proves that ultra-drying treatment via heating at 50 ℃ is safe and efficient to experimental seeds.

Effect of Moisture Content on Melilotus suaveolens Seed Quality During Ultra-drying Storage

In order to enhance the seed storability and supply high-quality seeds for vegetation restoration in the arid and semi-arid regions in Northwest China,the effects of ultra-drying and accelerated aging on the physiological characterstics of Melilotus suaveolens seeds were studied.Melilotus suaveolens seeds were dried in a desiccator containing silica gel to 80,53,42,33,23 and 16 g·kg-1 of moisture contents（MC）,respectively.The parameters of the seed quality including germination energy（GE）,germination percentage（GP）,relative conductivity（RC）,dehydrogenase activity（DA） and α-amylase activity（AA） were determined after ultra-drying and accelerated aging.The results showed that ultra-dried seeds with 42 g·kg-1 of MC showed the minimum changes of GE and GP before and after seed aging.Moreover,ultra-dry seeds with 42 g·kg-1 of MC showed higher DA and AA,and lower RC than non-ultra-drying seeds.Therefore,ultra-drying to 42 g·kg-1 of MC was helpful for M.suaveolens seed storage.

不同药剂引发对烤烟种子萌发和幼苗低温响应的影响

为更好地提高烟草催芽种子质量,提升幼苗素质培育壮苗,以中烟100和中川208为试验材料,研究了不同浓度的赤霉素(GA3)和生防菌剂“海益农”浸种引发处理对种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗最长根长、最大叶面积、幼苗根干(鲜)质量、地上部分干(鲜)质量、抗氧化酶及丙二醛等指标的影响。结果表明,赤霉素对中烟100和中川208浸种引发的最适浓度分别是100 mg/L和50 mg/L,而“海益农”浸种引发的最适浓度则分别是2 g/L和1 g/L。赤霉素和“海益农”的大多数处理对两个烟草品种幼苗的生长都具有显著促进作用。采用隶属函数法对种子萌发指标和幼苗生长指标进行综合评价,从促进种子萌发和培育壮苗的角度,对中烟100促进作用最好的处理为赤霉素200 mg/L,其次为“海益农”1 g/L;而对中川208促进作用最好的处理为“海益农”1 g/L,其次为“海益农”20 g/L。对低温胁迫下幼苗叶片MDA和抗氧化酶活性的综合评价结果表明,提高中烟100耐冷能力的最好处理为“海益农”2 g/L,其次为赤霉素100 mg/L;提高中川208耐冷能力的最好处理为赤霉素100 mg/L,其次为“海益农”8 g/L。综上,不同烟草品种种子萌发、幼苗提壮和抗冷害效果达到最佳时,所使用的引发药剂种类和浓度不同,在生产中需要根据实际情况灵活选择使用。

烟苗移栽机用浇水装置的设计与试验

针对现有烟苗移栽机用浇水装置水资源利用率不高、浇水时会对幼苗和土壤造成强烈冲击以及不能够与移栽作业保持同步运行等问题,提出了一种新的烟苗移栽机用浇水装置。通过建立该装置的三维模型并对其中的倒水组件进行了理论研究和ADAMS仿真,得到了其运动特性及运动曲线图。首先,以时间作为试验指标,通过浇水组件对不同体积的水进行浇灌试验,测量所需的倒水时间和总时间,并对其进行一元线性回归拟合得到拟合方程;其次,采用相同体积的水,利用不同出水口口径的导流器进行浇灌试验并进行单因素方差分析。结果表明:导流器出水口口径的大小是影响浇水时间的重要因素,口径越大,导流速度越快,浇水所需时间越短。将装置设置于移栽机上,可与移栽作业保持同步。研究为移栽机用浇水装置提供了一种新的设计思路和理论依据。

表达SmERF1调节烟草种子大小及耐盐性

【目的】ERF转录因子生物功能广泛,在调控植物生长发育和响应胁迫中发挥重要作用。前期研究显示,丹参SmERF1参与植物响应胁迫反应。该研究旨在进一步明确SmERF1潜在的生物功能,并为药用植物抗性及种子发育研究奠定基础。【方法】该研究采用农杆菌介导的方法在模式植物烟草中异源表达了丹参SmERF1基因;通过抗性相关酶活性变化检测,对转基因植株抗性进行评价;通过酶联免疫方法和qPCR方法分析GA和ABA等激素含量及合成途径关键酶基因的表达变化。【结果】(1)表达SmERF1的烟草植株在幼苗期表现出生长缓慢、生物量和叶绿素减少,而在其他生长阶段与对照植株没有明显差异;此外,表达SmERF1的烟草植株种子比野生对照的种子小、轻;(2)在盐处理下,转基因烟草株系中脯氨酸含量、SOD和POD活性高于对照株系,而MDA含量低于对照株系,转基因烟草株系表现出较高的耐盐性;(3)在转烟草株系中,ABA含量上调,GA水平降低。实时定量PCR结果显示,表达SmERF1调节了与植物激素生物合成相关的关键酶基因的表达,如NtSDR、NtGA20ox、NtACO和NtACS。【结论】SmERF1通过ABA依赖途径增强了烟草对盐胁迫的耐受性,并调控种子大小。

植物生长调节剂对烟草萌芽和烟苗抗性的影响

为探究植物生长调节剂对烟草种子萌芽和烟苗生长的影响,采用双因素分析法,测定了10种植物生长调节剂对烟草种子萌芽及烟苗生长的促进效果及最佳使用浓度。催芽试验表明:1.6 mg·L^(-1)赤霉素(GA_(3))和750倍稀释复合腐殖酸处理催芽效果最佳,烟草种子发芽率均达100.00%,与对照组相比增加30.00百分点。漂浮育苗试验结果表明:0.4 mg·L^(-1)吲哚乙酸(IAA)、1.6 mg·L^(-1)β-萘氧乙酸和750倍稀释复合腐殖酸处理对漂浮育苗烟草生长均有良好促进效果。盆栽试验结果表明:1.6 mg·L^(-1)GA_(3)和0.4 mg·L^(-1)IAA处理盆栽烟草的鲜重、株高、主根长和最大叶面积均有不同程度的提高,移栽60 d时,1.6 mg·L^(-1)GA_(3)处理盆栽烟草的鲜重、株高、主根长、最大叶面积和叶绿素含量与对照相比分别提高了34.06%、44.71%、29.25%、54.03%和16.85%。同时,经植物生长调节剂处理后漂浮育苗烟草和盆栽烟草的根系过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量下降,烟苗抗病抗逆性提升。综上,1.6 mg·L^(-1)GA_(3)、0.4 mg·L^(-1)IAA和750倍稀释复合腐殖酸可有效促进烟草种子萌芽和烟苗生长。

混播绿肥压青下植烟土壤微生物量及酶活性特征

为探讨混播绿肥压青对植烟土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性的影响,采用小区定位试验设计,设置不种植绿肥(对照)、单播黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、单播光叶紫花苕(Vicia villosa var.glabrescens)、混播黑麦草和光叶紫花苕(混播绿肥压青)4个处理,连续定位2年后分析土壤微生物数量和酶活性。结果表明,混播绿肥压青土壤的细菌总数和硝化细菌数量分别是对照的2.25~3.62倍和1.60~3.11倍,是单播黑麦草的1.31~1.76倍和1.43~2.92倍,是单播光叶紫花苕的1.25~1.88倍和1.08~1.27倍;混播绿肥压青土壤的放线菌和真菌数量大田前期分别为单播绿肥的1.13~2.00倍和1.02~1.93倍,大田中后期均低于单播绿肥;大田后期土壤氨化细菌数量各处理间差异均不显著。烟株不同生育时期混播绿肥压青土壤的过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和纤维素酶的活性均显著高于对照(P<0.05),也均不同程度地高于单播黑麦草和单播光叶紫花苕。由此可知,混播绿肥压青有利于改善植烟土壤的微生态环境,可作为植烟土壤保育技术模式。

神9优28烟后稻机械精量穴直播种植表现及高产栽培技术

为加快烟后稻机械直播推广进程,以神9优28新品种进行烟后稻机械精量穴直播技术试验示范,对比分析其种植表现,总结高产栽培技术。神9优28作烟后稻机械精量穴直播栽培品种,具有株型矮壮、分蘖力强、生育期适中、品质优、抗逆性强、产量高等特点,栽培遵循“种子处理促成苗、精细整田促全苗、适时播种促高产、防治杂草促分蘖、科学施肥防倒伏、合理管水促深根、病虫防治保丰收、适时收获保品质”等关键技术,可延长前茬烤烟终采期,达到优质、高产。该栽培技术可为农民应用水稻机械精量穴直播种植技术提供参考依据。

补骨脂种子提取物对链格孢菌生长及其侵染烟草的影响

为探究补骨脂种子提取物对烟草赤星病菌的作用效果及其对烟草抗氧化酶活性的影响,以烟草赤星病病原菌链格孢菌和云烟87为试验材料,研究了不同浓度补骨脂种子提取物处理下链格孢菌菌丝生长情况以及补骨脂种子提取物处理后接种链格孢菌的成熟烟叶中防御酶活性变化。结果表明,0.2%补骨脂种子提取物12.5 g/L对链格孢菌菌丝生长的抑制效果最好,处理3 d后抑制率达到74%以上,且具有浓度效应和时效性。0.2%补骨脂种子提取物2.5 g/L能提高烟草抗氧化酶活性,0.2%补骨脂种子提取物2.5 g/L处理24 h后接种链格孢菌,烟叶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均较喷施蒸馏水对照显著提高。补骨脂种子提取物既可抑制链格孢菌菌丝生长,又能提高烟株抗氧化能力和抗病性,有助于抵御病原物入侵。本研究可为进一步研究补骨脂种子提取物提高植物抗病性的作用及其在防治烟草赤星病方面的应用提供参考。

PEG浸种处理提高烟草种子活力的效应

用PEG浸种处理烟草种子,研究了不同浓度和处理时间组合对烟草种子活力的影响。结果表明,PEG处理能显著提高种子发芽率和幼苗活力指数,增强种子萌发时的呼吸速率和淀粉酶活性.且以20％PEG-6000浸种48h的效果最好。不同活力水平的种子经20%PEG处理后,幼苗活力指数明显提高,处理组的超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧阴离子(O2-)产生速率及电解质渗漏率显著低于对照组。研究还发现,PEG处理能减少低温吸胀期间种子内电解质渗漏量及渗漏速率,并提高种子在低温下的萌发率,增强幼苗抗冷性。

聚乙二醇对烟草种子活力及幼苗保护酶活性的影响

以烟草种子为材料,用不同浓度的聚乙二醇(PEG)浸种不同时间,测定了浸种后种子萌发过程中和萌发后幼苗中某些生理生化指标及保护酶活性的变化。结果表明,PEG浸种能显著提高种子发芽率和幼苗活力指数,增强萌发种子的呼吸强度和淀粉酶活性,以20%PEG-6000浸种48h效果最好。不同活力水平的种子经20%PEG处理后,幼苗活力指数明显提高,叶片超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)等保护酶活性升高,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)和超氧阴离子(O2-)含量及电解质外渗率显著低于对照。研究还发现,PEG处理能提高种子在低温下的萌发率,增强幼苗抗冷性。

中国烟草育种研究进展

对我国烟草新品种选育、种质资源、种子技术,以及体细胞杂交、基因工程、分子标记辅助选择育种等方面的研究进行了概述,在此基础上提出了未来我国烟草育种的研究方向和重点。

不同药剂引发处理对干旱胁迫下烟草种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响

采用不同浓度的外源多效唑、氯化钙、脯氨酸和水杨酸引发处理不同耐旱力的烟草品种‘红花大金元'和‘MS K326'种子,用15%聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)溶液模拟干旱条件,测定干旱胁迫下不同烟草品种种子发芽及幼苗生长和生理生化指标变化。结果表明:多效唑(PP333)引发处理对干旱胁迫下‘红花大金元'和‘MS K326'种子发芽和幼苗生长有一定抑制作用,但是能提高干旱胁迫下幼苗抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,并且降低丙二醛(MDA)含量。氯化钙、脯氨酸和水杨酸3种药剂引发能显著促进‘红花大金元'和‘MS K326'种子发芽,提高干旱胁迫下幼苗根长、全苗长、幼苗干鲜重以及APX,CAT,POD和SOD活性,并且降低MDA含量。其中80 mg·L-1水杨酸引发处理效果最好,可以作为提高烟草种子及幼苗抗旱性的处理方法。

赤霉素引发同时提高烟草种子及幼苗抗旱性和抗冷性

本研究以烟草种子为实验材料,以0.05 mmol/L、0.10 mmol/L、0.15 mmol/L、0.50 mmol/L、1.00 mmol/L 5种浓度的赤霉素GA3进行引发处理,研究GA3引发对烟草种子在正常培养、干旱胁迫、低温胁迫以及干旱-低温交叉胁迫下种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果显示,GA3引发可显著改善烟草种子在干旱、低温以及干旱-低温交叉胁迫下的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数,缩短发芽时间,增加幼苗的根长、苗高和干鲜重,其中0.5 mmol/L GA3引发处理效果最为显著,充分表明赤霉素引发可同时提高烟草种子及幼苗的抗旱性和抗冷性。

不同处理对烟草种子萌发及过氧化氢酶活性的影响

以烤烟型品种NC89为材料 ,通过浸种处理研究了不同K+浓度、H+浓度、渗透势及H2 O2 等对烟草种子萌发过程中呼吸速率和过氧化氢酶活性的影响。 0 .0 1～ 0 .1mol/LKNO3处理对种子萌发过程中活力指数和过氧化氢酶活性有明显的促进作用 ;0 .0 0 1～ 0 .0 1mol/LHCl处理后其活力指数、第 4天的过氧化氢酶活性和呼吸速率都比对照高 ;2 0 0～ 30 0g/L的PEG - 6 0 0 0溶液浸种 2 4h ,对烟草种子活力的提高也有明显效果 ;0 .3%H2 O2 虽能提高烟草种子的呼吸速率 。