THE OPERATION METHOD OF ULTRA-LOW-VOLUME SPRAYING WITH AIRPLANE

Techniques and measurements of ultra-low-volume spraving with airplane are studied. From practice it shows tha we can achieve good results of prevention and control of diseases and pests, if we take the following measures: The speed of flying is 160 km/h. The height of flying is 5 to 7m for plain and 15 to 20m for mountain area. The flashing point is over 70℃. The sparying width is 60m. The size of fog drop is 80 to 120μ. The density of fog drop is over 10 drops per cm2.

Wind tunnel experimental study on droplet drift reduction by a conical electrostatic nozzle for pesticide spraying

Droplet drift wastes pesticide,pollutes the environment,and has become one of the focus issues of agricultural crop protection.Electrostatic spray technology reduces drift to a certain degree.In order to investigate the droplet drift pattern of a conical electrostatic nozzle,the droplet drift mass center distance was defined as an experimental index and used to conduct experimental wind tunnel studies on droplet drift.A mathematical model of the droplet drift mass center distance versus electrostatic voltage and wind speed was created via the regression method.The test results showed that the electrostatic voltage had an insignificant effect on droplet drift,the wind speed and its interaction with the electrostatic voltage had significant effects on droplet drift.When the wind speed was less than 3 m/s and stable,the crop adsorbability of a droplet had a dominant effect on the droplet drift;the droplet drift decreased with the increase of electrostatic voltage.When the wind speed exceeded 3 m/s and was stable,the reduced droplet particle size had a dominant effect on droplet drift,where droplet drift increased as the electrostatic voltage increased.When the wind speed was 0 m/s and the electrostatic voltage was 12 kV,the minimum droplet drift mass center distance was 35.5 mm,which was 56 mm less than that of conventional nozzle droplet drift.Therefore,a conical electrostatic nozzle is inapplicable for operation in an environment where wind speeds exceed 3 m/s.This study provides a reference for optimizing operational parameters of conical electrostatic nozzles and improving the anti-drift capability of droplets.

Development of GPS-Based Multi-Channel Controllers for Research Plot Pesticide Applicators

Pesticide efficacy tests are typically conducted in experimental plots which involve applying multiple chemical treatments at different application rates and timings. Utilizing a single boom pesticide applicator requires navigating to individual plots, applying a pesticide assigned to those plots and when all replications are completed, cleaning the equipment and reloading the next pesticide treatment into the tank. It usually takes several hours to accomplish this task, especially when the left hand side of a plot requires a different pesticide treatment than the right hand side. In order to facilitate application of pesticide treatments in experimental plots, two map-based controller systems were developed to drive multi-channel pesticide applicators. The Clemson “Multi-Channel Chemical Controllers” consist of solid-state relays controlled by custom software, solenoid valves, and GPS receivers. The first system can control up to 24 individual booms which could independently apply up to 24 different chemical treatments in each field plot area. The second system is the Clemson “Intelligent Farm Controller” (iFc), which could be connected to a variety of devices, such as spray and motor actuators. For this study, the controller was designed to handle four output pins to control four relays;however, it could easily be expanded to control more relays, if needed. On average, these systems reduced application times in test fields from six hours to 20 minutes, compared to single-boom applicators (p = 0.001), thereby reducing the time interval between treatment applications and significantly reducing the potential effect of adverse weather.

Design and anti-sway performance testing of pesticide tanks in spraying UAVs

Anti-sway performance is one of the most important factors that affect the stability of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).In this study,an anti-sway performance testing method and an evaluation formula for pesticide tanks were developed,which could facilitate the design and application of pesticide tank.The detection device mainly comprises a testing stand,a mounting and testing part,and a driving and control part.In the testing method,P(maximum pressure)measured by a barometer and t(fluctuation recovery time)measured by a high-speed camera were used as evaluation indexes.With the aim to determine the optimal position of the pressure detection device and the optimal filling ratio,four representative pesticide tanks were involved in this study.The results showed that the optimal position of the pressure detection device was at the middle position on the tank wall,halfway up from the bottom,and the optimal filling ratio was 0.8.Using P and t as evaluation indexes,a comprehensive evaluation formula was developed based on these tests:S=0.7Pi+0.3ti.Anti-sway performance of pesticide tanks was evaluated by a comprehensive score.A disk pesticide tank with a baffle was determined to be the best among the four types of pesticide tanks,showing a score of 1.The scores of the other three pesticide tanks were 0.500,0.428 and 0.612,respectively.These results indicated that the baffle structure in the pesticide tank and the radian design of the tank wall can effectively improve the anti-sway performance of a pesticide tank.The proposed detection device and test method are simpler and more intuitive compared to other approaches in evaluating the anti-sway performance of pesticide tanks in spraying UAVs,and they can be used as a reference to guide the design of pesticide tanks and the stability evaluation of spraying UAVs.

Implementation of drone technology for farm monitoring&pesticide spraying:A review

The world receives more than 200 thousand people in a day and it is expected that the total world population will reach 9.6 billion by the year 2050.This will result in extra food demand,which can only be met from enhanced crop yield.Therefore,modernization of the agricultural sector becomes the need of the hour.There are many constraints that are responsible for the low production of crops,which can be overcome by using drone technology in the agriculture sector.This paper presents an analysis of drone technologies and their modifications with time in the agriculture sector in the last decade.The application of drones in the area of crop monitoring,and pesticide spraying for Precision Agriculture(PA)has been covered.The work done related to drone structure,multiple sensor development,innovation in spot area spraying has been presented.Moreover,the use of Artificial Intelligent(AI)and deep learning for the remote monitoring of crops has been discussed.

Pesticide Deinsectization System in Precision Agriculture Based on ARM-Linux

With precision agriculture as the base line, using embedded system as technical support, a set of ideas is proposed for solving the serious pesticide poisoning problem, including farmland information collection, experts database analysis and variable pesticide spraying, etc.

农药喷雾系统建模与仿真技术研究综述

农药使用效果与农药喷雾过程密切相关,农药喷雾过程的建模与仿真可弥补因植物生长周期差异、病虫害发生程度不同以及田间作业自然环境不可控等造成的试验研究困难。分析农药施用的抗性、再增猖獗、残留(resistance,resurgence,residue,3R)/效果、效率、生态(efficacy,efficiency,eco-environment,3E)/方法、模型、测试(method,model,measurement,3M),重点综述农药喷雾过程的雾化、输运、沉积等关键环节的模拟仿真研究状况。根据模拟仿真技术发展趋势,提出农药喷雾半实物仿真系统设计的建议,并提出雾化模型及新型喷头雾化机理、群体农药雾滴多相流场模拟、靶标定制与识别模型、综合农药雾滴飘移模型、植物生长模型与农药喷雾系统耦合等建议,以促进原创农药精确喷雾技术研究和高质量植保机械研发。

Design and test of target-oriented profile modeling of unmanned aerial vehicle spraying

Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)are a new frontier in specialized plant protection equipment,which will increasingly be utilized in modern sustainable agricultural applications.The use of UAVs retrofitted with new structures for spraying allows precision pesticide applications on fruit canopies,which have positive effects on pesticide reduction,along with fruit quality and production improvement.In this work,a precision toward-target device(BUAV)was established through profiling of fruit branch modeling,along with a quality analysis of the coverage in a pear orchard compared to a conventional multi-rotor UAV(CUAV).Coverage under different canopy sections and on both sides of leaves was evaluated using Polyvinyl Chloride card samplers.The results indicate that coverage of the BUAV was 0.98%and 1.41%on the abaxial of the lower leaves interior of the canopy,which was 2.38 and 3.14 times higher than that of the CUAV.The BUAV tended to increase coverage in the course-parallel direction,while both the course-parallel and vertical directions increased the deposition coverage on the abaxial side of the interior canopy leaves by 1.8 times and 2.1 times compared to the CUAV,respectively.Simultaneously,the BUAV increased the proportion of droplets deposited on the canopy and reduced ground loss.The BUAV can improve the distribution of the wind field within the canopy effectively and improve the droplet deposition on the reverse side of the interior bore blade.

基于绿色农业的计算机智能识别技术在农药喷施机械中的应用

在大规模农业机械化生产的驱动下,农业植保作业在满足高效率生产的同时,必须考虑降低喷施农药的污染问题,减少农药漂移引起的农作物及周边环境威胁。基于此,从绿色农业的理念出发,介绍了计算机智能识别技术特征及其在农药喷施机械中的应用情况与研究进展,分析了典型技术特征与应用价值,并总结了计算机智能识别技术应用于农药喷施机械的现存问题与建议,并对计算机智能识别技术在农药喷施机械中的应用前景进行展望。

几种喷雾助剂对小麦病虫害防治农药减量增效的试验

通过使用喷雾助剂对农药减量增效试验,验证和评价助剂迈飞、农建飞、奇功对药剂防治小麦病虫害减药增效的效果,为其推广应用提供科学依据。结果表明,常规用药量80%加入推荐用量的奇功助剂使用电动喷雾器常量喷雾,药效显著高于常规用药量,减药增效效果显著,但与常规用药量加入推荐用量的奇功助剂之间药效差异不显著;常规用药量80%加入推荐用量的迈飞和农建飞助剂采用无人机低容量喷雾,药效显著高于常规用药量,减药增效作用显著,但与常规用药量加入推荐用量的迈飞和农建飞助剂之间药效差异不显著。可见,常规用药量80%加入3种助剂,对小麦病虫害的防效相对较好,达到了减药增效的目的,可以在生产实际中推广应用。

在线混药技术的发展与优势

施药是保证农作物健康生长的重要手段,当前我国人工预混药对操作人员和生态环境存在危害,且易造成剩余药液浪费,更无法随时调整药液浓度。在线混药技术,可以解决上述问题。论述了在线混药优势,分析了射流式、水力比例泵注入式、直接注入式几种在线混药的方式以及优缺点,随着施药方式的不断升级换代,必将会促进生态农业的进一步健康发展,也必将为我国的环境保护和农业可持续发展作出更大的贡献。

植保机喷雾性能测试技术的研究与发展

农业生产中农药喷雾技术是控制病虫草害、提高农作物产量的重要手段。农药喷雾性能直接关系到防治效果,因此,植保机喷雾性能测试技术的研究至关重要。该文综合分析了农药喷雾全过程性能测试的方法和技术,包括雾化性能、输运沉降性能和沉积性能等方面。未来,研究重点将集中在智能化和自动化、多模态综合测试、模拟与实测的互动,以及根据表型模型与农药用量关联调节农药用量等方面。最后,阐述了推动植保机喷雾性能测试技术的创新与发展,为农业生产提供更科学、精准的技术支持。

基于甘蔗病害智能诊断的立体化精准农药喷洒机的设计

本文针对现有农药喷洒机在精确性、效率以及喷洒均匀性方面的不足,提出一种基于甘蔗病害智能诊断的立体化精准农药喷洒机设计方案。该设计方案克服了传统喷洒设备在农药喷洒过程中无法精确识别和定位甘蔗病害区域以及喷洒均匀性不足的问题。通过运用图像处理技术和深度学习算法,系统能够自动识别甘蔗叶片的病害种类、病情程度和位置信息,并借助立体化精准农药喷洒机实现智能化调整喷洒剂量,以确保精准且均匀地喷洒农药。田间试验结果表明,该系统能够显著提高农药利用率和病害防治效果,具有较高的实用性和推广价值。

一种人参移栽打药机的设计

人参种植目前仍以手工作业为主,生产效率低、作业成本高、劳动强度大,难以适应人参规模化、规范化的生产现状。对此,研发一种人参移栽打药机,并介绍该机的总体结构及工作原理。样机试验结果表明,该机可一次性完成开沟、覆土、喷洒药剂等工作,采用开沟板链进行开沟可保证横向开沟深度和角度的一致性,采用抛洒土壤覆土可保证苗土覆盖厚度均匀一致,覆土后均匀喷洒药液可第一时间有效控制病虫草害,减少二次作业环节。

变量喷药技术及装备研究进展

变量喷药技术是基于精准农业理念而发展的技术,旨在通过针对性地调整农药施用量和施用位置,提高农药使用效率,降低环境影响,并减少生产成本。论文综述了变量喷药的主要技术以及最新研究进展,并提出了未来的发展建议。旨在通过对变量喷药技术的研究进展进行系统梳理,为相关领域的研究者和从业者提供参考,并促进该技术在农业生产中的广泛应用。

作物根结线虫病化学防治研究进展

根结线虫Meloidogyne spp.是严重威胁农业生产的重要病原生物,对世界上大多数作物都存在负面影响。在我国,随着保护地栽培模式的扩大及作物复种指数的不断提高,根结线虫病的发生日趋严重,而目前的管理措施尚不能完全控制根结线虫的危害。使用化学杀线虫剂仍然是目前防治根结线虫最常见的短期管理策略。本文总结了目前我国作物根结线虫病的发生现状,介绍了生产中防治该病害的主要化学药剂,分析了其化学防治存在的主要问题,并讨论了目前化学杀线虫剂及其应用技术的优化;展望了未来根结线虫化学防治的研究方向;提出根结线虫的化学防治应该与其他管理措施相结合,实现根结线虫高效、安全、可持续发展的综合治理。

一种双流体喷头的微生物活性及喷雾特性

微生物农药比化学农药更加环保和安全,已成为农林病虫害生物防治的研究热点。然而,因为缺乏喷洒技术和专用设备,使微生物农药的应用受到制约。目前,传统的喷头仍然主要分为锥形雾和扇形雾喷头。由于扇形雾喷头的平面喷洒方式,配有该喷头的喷雾机可用于大范围喷洒。与锥形雾喷头相比,扇形雾喷头喷洒后微生物农药的活性不能满足使用要求。为了保证微生物农药的活性,方便大范围喷洒并有良好的喷雾性能,研究了一种用于喷洒水和微生物农药混合物的双流体外混式扇形雾喷头。微生物农药的活性可以通过喷洒后微生物农药的活性(生存率R s)来评估。喷雾性能包括雾滴尺寸、分布均匀性和混合均匀性,并分别通过有效尺寸、变异系数(CV,式中记作C V)、均匀性变异系数(α)来评估。初步分析表明,在喷雾过程中,微生物农药与水的喷雾压力必须有一定的比值(λ),当λ为0.7∶0.2时,雾滴粒径在188~341μm的有效范围内,C V=0.40,α=0.47,R s=89.6%,可以保证微生物农药的活性,获得理想的喷雾特性。研究结果将为精确使用农药、大面积喷洒微生物农药并保证微生物农药活性,从而有效防治植物病虫害提供新的研究思路和方法。

用于农药喷施的液力式喷头雾化与沉积分布特性分析

在众多类型的喷头中,液力式雾化喷头因其雾化量大、能耗低、设备简单、经济性好而得到更广泛应用。研究液力式喷头的雾化与沉积特性对改善农药喷施效果具有重要的指导意义。为明确液力式喷头的类型和喷雾参数对其雾化和沉积特性的影响,本文对6种类型的液力式喷头(标准扇形雾XR 110-015、防飘扇形雾DG 110-015、射流扇形雾AIXR 110-015、射流扇形雾AI 110-015、空心圆锥雾TXA 80-015和射流空心圆锥雾AITXA 80-015)的雾滴粒径、雾滴沉降速度以及沉积分布进行了测试。结果表明:6种供试喷头的雾滴粒径均随喷雾压力的增大而减小,不同喷雾压力下细雾滴(XR 110-015)和中等雾滴喷头(DG 110-015)的体积中值直径(D_(v0.5))差异较小,而粗雾滴(AIXR 110-015)和超粗雾滴喷头(AI 110-015和AITXA 80-015)对喷雾压力的敏感性更强,其雾滴的D_(v0.5)值随着喷雾压力的增加而急剧下降。雾滴沉降速度与分布特征主要由喷头类型决定,喷雾压力对雾滴沉降速度的影响较小,同一喷头在不同喷雾压力下的雾滴沉降速度分布趋势相似。相同喷雾压力下,细雾滴喷头的平均沉降速度(Vavg)高于其体积中值沉降速度(V_(v0.5)),但随着喷头雾滴的增大,中雾滴喷头和粗雾滴喷头的V_(v0.5)超过其Vavg,且雾滴的粒径越大两者差值越明显。雾滴的沉积结果显示,不同喷雾压力下各喷头的喷雾液流失率均在7.82%~9.75%范围内,各喷头在不同喷雾压力下的流量相似,且略低于其名义流量。喷雾压力对DG 110-015、XR 110-015和AIXR 110-015喷头的雾滴沉积分布均匀性无显著影响,但较高的喷雾压力可提高AITXA 80-015和TXA 80-015喷头的雾滴沉积分布均匀性。本研究可为田间施药时液力式喷头的选择和作业参数的优化提供理论指导和技术参考。

Design and test of a six-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)electrostatic spraying system for crop protection

In recent years,multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)crop protection operations have experienced tremendous growth.Compared with manual operations,they have advantages such as high operational efficiency,small pesticide dosage,and low pesticide hazards for humans.However,the tiny droplets produced during UAV spraying for crop protection are affected by the rotor air flow and will drift in all directions in an uncontrollable manner,severely affecting the pesticide deposition pattern and resulting in pesticide waste.To improve pesticide use efficiency during multi-rotor UAV spraying,an electrostatic spray system was designed based on electrostatic spray technology and a six-rotor UAV.The proper operation parameters for the UAV electrostatic spray were determined by test,which were spray altitude of 50 cm above the crop,spray pressure of 0.3 MPa and charging voltage of 9 kV.Field test was performed based on these parameters.The results showed that compared with non-electrostatic spray,the electrostatic spray improved by 13.6%in the average deposition density above the sampling device and 32.6%in the middle.The research can provide a reference for designing multi-rotor UAV electrostatic spray devices.

环形双圆弧防飘罩盖设计与防飘性能参数优化

为减少农药施用量,提高农药利用率,优化设计一种环形双圆弧式防飘罩盖。采用有限元ANSYS FLUENT软件对环形双圆弧式罩盖喷雾流场进行仿真模拟试验,得到其连续相流场的速度矢量分布和离散相运动轨迹。以雾滴沉积率作为试验指标,通过单因素和多因素仿真试验获得罩盖的最优结构参数组合为罩盖入口高度48.74 mm、出口长度15.11 mm、喷头距出口平面高度32.53 mm;在最优组合下其雾滴沉积率为68.8%。喷雾台试验对比五种风速下(1 m/s、2 m/s、3 m/s、4 m/s、5 m/s)罩盖喷雾和常规无罩盖喷雾的雾滴沉积率。结果表明,罩盖喷雾的雾滴沉积率分别为80.58%、75.57%、65.16%、59.47%、54.29%,分别高于常规喷雾的72.42%、61.24%、45.1%、38.34%、32.08%,罩盖喷雾较常规无罩盖喷雾有较好的防飘效果。