Review on the progress of ultra-precision machining technologies

Ultra-precision machining technologies are the essential methods, to obtain the highest form accuracy and surface quality. As more research findings are published, such technologies now involve complicated systems engineering and been widely used in the production of components in various aerospace, national defense, optics, mechanics, electronics, and other high-tech applications. The conception, applications and history of ultra-precision machining are introduced in this article, and the develop- ments of ultra-precision machining technologies, espe- cially ultra-precision grinding, ultra-precision cutting and polishing are also reviewed. The current state and problems of this field in China are analyzed. Finally, the development trends of this field and the coping strategies employed in China to keep up with the trends are discussed.

超精密加工领域科学技术发展研究

超精密加工是获得高形状精度、表面精度和表面完整性的必要手段。随着对产品质量和多样化的要求日益提高,对超精密加工提出更多、更高的要求。超精密加工技术已成为包含当代最新科技成果的一个复杂系统工程。介绍各种超精密加工技术的内涵、应用范围、国内外研究现状、发展过程与趋势以及未来应研究开发的重要科学技术问题。从加工精度、加工质量和加工效率角度对先进的具有代表性的超精密加工机床、超精密切削、超精密磨削和超精密抛光技术进行重点评述和比较。分析我国在超精密加工领域中存在的主要问题以及与国外先进技术的差距,对超精密加工的技术发展趋势进行预测,提出我国本领域基础研究、技术及产业发展策略与对策。