With the development of medicine,people are becoming more and more aware of the quality of medical water supply,such as dial ysis water,dental water,preparation water,operating room water,supply room water.Therefore,P...With the development of medicine,people are becoming more and more aware of the quality of medical water supply,such as dial ysis water,dental water,preparation water,operating room water,supply room water.Therefore,People are constantly improving the water treatment system and its standardized,and the demand for dialysis water is also becoming more and more strict.Hemodialysis is an effective means of maintaining the life of renal failure patients,120~180L water will be used for a conventional dialysis treatment,and high flux dialysis will consume more.展开更多
Excess or lack of levels of nitrate in drinking water is harmful to the human health, the concentration of NO-3 ions must be maintained at 50 mg/l. Donnan dialysis (DD) used as a driving force of the concentration gra...Excess or lack of levels of nitrate in drinking water is harmful to the human health, the concentration of NO-3 ions must be maintained at 50 mg/l. Donnan dialysis (DD) used as a driving force of the concentration gradient is an effective and simple technique for nitrate removal. In this paper, the transport of nitrate through an AMX anion-exchange membrane has been studied as a function of driving ion nature, receiver phase concentration, flow rate, temperature and agitation rate under Donnan dialysis condition. It was observed that the hydrodynamic conditions and temperature were the main variables affecting the transmembrane flow. As the driving ion, the chloride ion is more efficient than the hydrogeneocarbonate ion. The systematic study of the different parameters involved showed that the nitrate removal efficiency obtained with a feed synthetic nitrate solution (62 ppm) was off 96%. This efficiency slightly decreases for a tap water containing the same nitrate concentration;it was about 84%. This can be attributed to the complex ionic composition of the natural water.展开更多
In order to meet the demands of service life and the synthetical performance/price ratio of stainless steel in the solar water heater industry, the low molybdenum ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel （FSS） B445J1M wa...In order to meet the demands of service life and the synthetical performance/price ratio of stainless steel in the solar water heater industry, the low molybdenum ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel （FSS） B445J1M was developed at Baosteel. In this study, comparative studies were carried out on the mechanical properties, the formability and the corrosion resistance of B445J1M ,304 and 444 ,and the advantages and application fields of B445J1M were summarized.展开更多
AIM To identify patients with end-stage renal disease treated by peritoneal dialysis(PD) who had zero body fat(BF) as determined by analysis of body composition using anthropometric formulas estimating body water(V) a...AIM To identify patients with end-stage renal disease treated by peritoneal dialysis(PD) who had zero body fat(BF) as determined by analysis of body composition using anthropometric formulas estimating body water(V) and to compare nutritional parameters between these patients and PD patients whose BF was above zero.METHODS Body weight(W) consists of fat-free mass(FFM) andBF.Anthropometric formulas for calculating V allow the calculation of FFM as V/0.73,where 0.73 is the water fraction of FFM at normal hydration.Wasting from loss of BF has adverse survival outcomes in PD.Advanced wasting was defined as zero BF when V/0.73 is equal to or exceeds W.This study,which analyzed 439 PD patients at their first clearance study,used the Watson formulas estimating V to identify patients with V_(Watson)/0.73 ≥ W and compared their nutritional indices with those of PD patients with V_(Watson)/0.73 < W.RESULTS The study identified at the first clearance study two male patients with V_(Watson)/0.73 ≥ W among 439 patients on PD.Compared to 260 other male patients on PD,the two subjects with advanced wasting had exceptionally low body mass index and serum albumin concentration.The first of the two subjects also had very low values for serum creatinine concentration and total(in urine and spent peritoneal dialysate) creatinine excretion rate while the second subject had an elevated serum creatinine concentration and high creatinine excretion rate due,most probably,to non-compliance with the PD prescription.CONCLUSION Advanced wasting(zero BF) in PD patients,identified by the anthropometric formulas that estimate V,while rare,is associated with indices of poor somatic and visceral nutrition.展开更多
Background Left ventricular hypertrophy （LVH） is an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality in chronic hemodialysis （CHD） patients. It remains unclear whether efforts to correct fluid overload in young CH...Background Left ventricular hypertrophy （LVH） is an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality in chronic hemodialysis （CHD） patients. It remains unclear whether efforts to correct fluid overload in young CHD can reverse LVH. This prospective single-center cohort study evaluated left ventricular masses index （LVMI） evolution in fluid overloaded young CHD patients with or without water-sodium control. Methods A total of 106 young patients aged between 22 and 44 years on CHD were enrolled in this prospective, control study. Patients were divided into three groups according to the percentage of interdialytic weight gain （PIDWG （%） = 100% x （predialysis weight - dry weight）/dry weight） at baseline. Thirty-six patients with PIDWG more than 5% received health education to restrict water-sodium intake strictly （Group I）. Other 36 patients with comparable fluid status levels （the PIDWG more than 5%） did not receive health education to restrict water-sodium intake strictly （Group Ⅱ） and those with PIDWG less than 5% （Group Ⅲ, n=34） were sewed as controls. Echocardiographic studies were performed to evaluate LVMI at baseline and then after 1, 3 and 6 months. The total follow-up time was 6 months. Results There was no significant difference in clinical data （such as age, gender, aetiology of renal failure and nutritional state, etc.） among the three groups at baseline. At baseline, the prevalence of LVH in Group I, Ⅱ and Ⅲ was 75.0%, 72.2% and 55.9%, respectively. LVMI was directly correlated with PIDWG （r = 0.779, P 〈0.01）. After 6 months, the PIDWG in Group I decreased in mean by （3.77±1.09）%, and LVMI decreased in mean by （27.59±12.15） g/m2. The prevalence of LVH decreased in mean by 25.0%, and the blood pressure decreased in mean by （14.69±11.50） mmHg/ （7.14±7.51） mmHg. The medication category and total medication frequency of hypotensive drugs significantly decreased in Group I at 6 months. However the urine volume and the levels of serum creatinine and serum albumin in Group I were not significantly different compared to the baseline. The level of LVMI in Group Ⅱ was significantly increased after 6 months compared with the baseline. After 6 months, the level of LVMI in Group Ⅲ were not significantly different compared with the baseline. Conclusions A high prevalence of LVH was present in young CHD patients, and was associated with fluid overload. Reduction fuild overload with water-sodium control can reverse LVH in young CHD patients.展开更多
Dialysis water is directly related to the safety of hemodialysis patients, thus its quality is generally ensured by a stepwise water purification cascade. To study the effect of water treatment on the presence of anti...Dialysis water is directly related to the safety of hemodialysis patients, thus its quality is generally ensured by a stepwise water purification cascade. To study the effect of water treatment on the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in dialysis water, this study used propidium monoazide (PMA) in conjunction with high throughput quantitative PCR to analyze the diversity and abundance of ARGs found in viable bacteria from water having undergone various water treatment processes. The results indicated the presence of 35 ARGs in the eflfluents from the different water treatment steps. Twentynine ARGs were found in viable bacteria from the effluent following carbon filtration, the highest among all of the treatment processes, and at 6.96 Log (copies/L) the absolute abundance of the cphA gene was the highest. Two resistance genes, erm (36) and mtrD-02, which belong to the resistance categories macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramin B (MLSB) and other/efflux pump, respectively, were detected in the effluent following reverse osmosis treatment. Both of these genes have demonstrated the potential for horizontal gene transfer. These results indicated that the treated effluent from reverse osmosis, the final treatment step in dialysis-water production, was associated with potential health risks.展开更多
基金Guangdong Obers Blood Purification Aca demician Work station(2013B090400004)Science and technology plan project of Guangdong industrial high and new technology field(2013B010203019)+3 种基金Guangzhou entrepreneurial leader talent/LCY201215Guangdong Inno vation Fund Project(2014A010101123)Guangdong Provincial Center for clinical en gineering of blood purification(507204531040)Guangdong University blood purification technology and Engineering Research Center(GCZX-A1104)
文摘With the development of medicine,people are becoming more and more aware of the quality of medical water supply,such as dial ysis water,dental water,preparation water,operating room water,supply room water.Therefore,People are constantly improving the water treatment system and its standardized,and the demand for dialysis water is also becoming more and more strict.Hemodialysis is an effective means of maintaining the life of renal failure patients,120~180L water will be used for a conventional dialysis treatment,and high flux dialysis will consume more.
文摘Excess or lack of levels of nitrate in drinking water is harmful to the human health, the concentration of NO-3 ions must be maintained at 50 mg/l. Donnan dialysis (DD) used as a driving force of the concentration gradient is an effective and simple technique for nitrate removal. In this paper, the transport of nitrate through an AMX anion-exchange membrane has been studied as a function of driving ion nature, receiver phase concentration, flow rate, temperature and agitation rate under Donnan dialysis condition. It was observed that the hydrodynamic conditions and temperature were the main variables affecting the transmembrane flow. As the driving ion, the chloride ion is more efficient than the hydrogeneocarbonate ion. The systematic study of the different parameters involved showed that the nitrate removal efficiency obtained with a feed synthetic nitrate solution (62 ppm) was off 96%. This efficiency slightly decreases for a tap water containing the same nitrate concentration;it was about 84%. This can be attributed to the complex ionic composition of the natural water.
文摘In order to meet the demands of service life and the synthetical performance/price ratio of stainless steel in the solar water heater industry, the low molybdenum ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel （FSS） B445J1M was developed at Baosteel. In this study, comparative studies were carried out on the mechanical properties, the formability and the corrosion resistance of B445J1M ,304 and 444 ,and the advantages and application fields of B445J1M were summarized.
文摘AIM To identify patients with end-stage renal disease treated by peritoneal dialysis(PD) who had zero body fat(BF) as determined by analysis of body composition using anthropometric formulas estimating body water(V) and to compare nutritional parameters between these patients and PD patients whose BF was above zero.METHODS Body weight(W) consists of fat-free mass(FFM) andBF.Anthropometric formulas for calculating V allow the calculation of FFM as V/0.73,where 0.73 is the water fraction of FFM at normal hydration.Wasting from loss of BF has adverse survival outcomes in PD.Advanced wasting was defined as zero BF when V/0.73 is equal to or exceeds W.This study,which analyzed 439 PD patients at their first clearance study,used the Watson formulas estimating V to identify patients with V_(Watson)/0.73 ≥ W and compared their nutritional indices with those of PD patients with V_(Watson)/0.73 < W.RESULTS The study identified at the first clearance study two male patients with V_(Watson)/0.73 ≥ W among 439 patients on PD.Compared to 260 other male patients on PD,the two subjects with advanced wasting had exceptionally low body mass index and serum albumin concentration.The first of the two subjects also had very low values for serum creatinine concentration and total(in urine and spent peritoneal dialysate) creatinine excretion rate while the second subject had an elevated serum creatinine concentration and high creatinine excretion rate due,most probably,to non-compliance with the PD prescription.CONCLUSION Advanced wasting(zero BF) in PD patients,identified by the anthropometric formulas that estimate V,while rare,is associated with indices of poor somatic and visceral nutrition.
文摘Background Left ventricular hypertrophy （LVH） is an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality in chronic hemodialysis （CHD） patients. It remains unclear whether efforts to correct fluid overload in young CHD can reverse LVH. This prospective single-center cohort study evaluated left ventricular masses index （LVMI） evolution in fluid overloaded young CHD patients with or without water-sodium control. Methods A total of 106 young patients aged between 22 and 44 years on CHD were enrolled in this prospective, control study. Patients were divided into three groups according to the percentage of interdialytic weight gain （PIDWG （%） = 100% x （predialysis weight - dry weight）/dry weight） at baseline. Thirty-six patients with PIDWG more than 5% received health education to restrict water-sodium intake strictly （Group I）. Other 36 patients with comparable fluid status levels （the PIDWG more than 5%） did not receive health education to restrict water-sodium intake strictly （Group Ⅱ） and those with PIDWG less than 5% （Group Ⅲ, n=34） were sewed as controls. Echocardiographic studies were performed to evaluate LVMI at baseline and then after 1, 3 and 6 months. The total follow-up time was 6 months. Results There was no significant difference in clinical data （such as age, gender, aetiology of renal failure and nutritional state, etc.） among the three groups at baseline. At baseline, the prevalence of LVH in Group I, Ⅱ and Ⅲ was 75.0%, 72.2% and 55.9%, respectively. LVMI was directly correlated with PIDWG （r = 0.779, P 〈0.01）. After 6 months, the PIDWG in Group I decreased in mean by （3.77±1.09）%, and LVMI decreased in mean by （27.59±12.15） g/m2. The prevalence of LVH decreased in mean by 25.0%, and the blood pressure decreased in mean by （14.69±11.50） mmHg/ （7.14±7.51） mmHg. The medication category and total medication frequency of hypotensive drugs significantly decreased in Group I at 6 months. However the urine volume and the levels of serum creatinine and serum albumin in Group I were not significantly different compared to the baseline. The level of LVMI in Group Ⅱ was significantly increased after 6 months compared with the baseline. After 6 months, the level of LVMI in Group Ⅲ were not significantly different compared with the baseline. Conclusions A high prevalence of LVH was present in young CHD patients, and was associated with fluid overload. Reduction fuild overload with water-sodium control can reverse LVH in young CHD patients.
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2017YFE0107300)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51478450, 51678551)Xiamen Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology (No. 3502Z20171003).
文摘Dialysis water is directly related to the safety of hemodialysis patients, thus its quality is generally ensured by a stepwise water purification cascade. To study the effect of water treatment on the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in dialysis water, this study used propidium monoazide (PMA) in conjunction with high throughput quantitative PCR to analyze the diversity and abundance of ARGs found in viable bacteria from water having undergone various water treatment processes. The results indicated the presence of 35 ARGs in the eflfluents from the different water treatment steps. Twentynine ARGs were found in viable bacteria from the effluent following carbon filtration, the highest among all of the treatment processes, and at 6.96 Log (copies/L) the absolute abundance of the cphA gene was the highest. Two resistance genes, erm (36) and mtrD-02, which belong to the resistance categories macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramin B (MLSB) and other/efflux pump, respectively, were detected in the effluent following reverse osmosis treatment. Both of these genes have demonstrated the potential for horizontal gene transfer. These results indicated that the treated effluent from reverse osmosis, the final treatment step in dialysis-water production, was associated with potential health risks.
