冷媒温度和渗流速度对富水砂层冻结温度场的影响规律研究

针对天津地区地铁隧道施工中存在富水砂层等复杂水文地质条件下的冻结问题,通过室内模型试验和数值模拟的结合,研究了冷媒温度和渗流速度对砂土冻结温度场、交圈时间和冻结壁发展的影响。研究结果表明:随着冷媒温度降低,冻结管附近的温度梯度越陡,冻结壁也变得更厚。渗流存在时,渗流水将冷量从上游带到下游,阻碍了冻结壁在上游方向的发展,同时在一定程度上推动了冻结壁在下游方向的发展,导致冻结壁厚度不均匀。最终,冻结壁的形状从静水时的圆形发展为心形。在实际工程中,采用注浆等手段减缓渗流速度,并降低冷媒温度,可缩短交圈时间,确保冻结进程顺利进行。

Water migration in subgrade soil under seasonal freeze-thaw cycles in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Highway frost heave and thawing settlement caused by water migration towards the freezing front and ice lens development is widespread in the alpine meadow area of the southeast QinghaiTibet Plateau(QTP). A laboratory experiment on a highway reconstruction and expansion project in the QTP was carried out in this work to analyze the effects of fine particle content, initial water content, and the number of freeze-thaw cycles(FTCs) on frost depth, temperature gradient(Grad T), total water intake, and water intake flux. Based on the results of the laboratory experiment, a modified model of migration potential related to fine particle content, freeze-thaw history, and freezing time was established. The results show that, with the increase of fine particle content, the frost depth of soil decreases, the curve of total water intake over time is transformed from an Sshape to an arch, and the curve of water intake flux over time is transformed from a peak shape to descending shape. The variation trend of migration potential with freezing time and the freeze-thaw history is the same as that of water intake flux with freezing time and freeze-thaw history. The variation trend of soil intake flux can be used as a reference to determine the variation trend of soil migration potential. This study provides a reference for the design and construction of highway subgrade in the alpine meadow area of the QTP.

Change of pore water near the freezing front during soil freezing: Migration and mechanisms

The formation and growth of segregation ice dominate the frost heave during soil freezing,which is closely related to water migration.To analyze segregation ice during soil freezing for different soils,a freezing-thawing experiment was conducted with Lanzhou loess(LZL)and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau silty clay(QSC)using a novel layered nuclear magnetic resonance approach.During LZL freezing,the unfrozen water content first increased and then decreased with decreasing temperature near the freezing front,but decreased with decreasing temperature in other layers,whereas during the freezing of QSC,the unfrozen water content in different layers(including the freezing front)decreased with decreased temperature.Notably,the increased liquid water near the freezing front during LZL freezing was primarily adsorbed water.In addition to the temperature gradient,the squeezing action during soil freezing was another important factor affecting water migration,especially at the early stage of soil freezing.However,which of the two factors,squeezing action and temperature gradient,was the dominant one causing water migration depended on soil structure.At the early stage of soil freezing,the squeezing action had a significant effect on the water migration of LZL,but no significant effect on that of QSC.Furthermore,water accumulation of LZL near the freezing front due to squeezing action at the early stage of freezing limited the formation and growth of segregation ice.This study provided an improved understanding for ice segregation and water migration during soil freezing.

输水渠道冰盖增厚物理模型试验相似律研究

随着南水北调中线工程冰期输水相关问题研究的深入,理论研究成果亟需物理模型试验和原型观测数据的支持和验证,由于原型观测难度较大,且影响因素不可控,物理模型试验方法成为解决冰水力学问题的有效途径。现在国内外学者开展冰水力学模型试验的成果基础上,结合冰水力学理论研究成果,对以冻结模型冰为试验材料的输水渠道冰盖增厚物理模型试验相似律展开研究,并通过物理模型试验进行了验证。研究表明:冰凌下潜临界流速的比尺为λ0.5,水力加厚冰盖沉积厚度的比尺为λ,均遵循重力相似准则;对于力学加厚冰盖,由于冰凌黏结力不遵循重力相似准则,结冰期需设法控制黏结力;融冰期可按照重力相似准则设计,但需控制环境温度在结冰点以上,以减小冰凌间的黏结力;因此输水渠道冰盖增厚物理模型试验宜采用冻结模型冰为试验对象,试验应按照重力相似准则进行设计。

一种浸润冻结机制冰核测量装置(FINDA)的搭建与应用

为了定量评估降水(雨、雪、雹等)和大气中冰核浓度,搭建了一种新型的离线式冰核测量装置(FINDA)用于检测浸润冻结机制的冰核。对多通道测温元件进行了改装和校准,并利用红外热成像仪动态校准了冷台水平温差,开发了自动化软件实现对测量过程的控制和数据分析。通过超纯水冻结实验、雪水及大气样品中冰核检验评估了FINDA的测量性能。结果表明,FINDA温度测量偏差随温度降低而线性增大,-25℃时误差为±0.75℃;超纯水初始冻结温度平均为-21.27±1.45℃,中值冻结温度(T50)平均为-25.65±0.64℃;对同一降雪融水样品中冰核浓度温度谱检测,FINDA与其他冻滴设备测量结果基本一致,同冰核浓度下温度偏差小于3℃;大气样品中冰核-20℃时比在线连续流量扩散云室测量值略高,与国际上其他学者的结论一致。FINDA能够有效获得0--25℃每隔0.25℃的冰核浓度谱,超纯水和试验操作引入的冰核对测量结果影响很小。设备的广泛应用可帮助深入了解大气冰核在混合云降水中的作用,为预报和云模式的本地化改进及对云降水理论研究提供重要的实验数据和理论基础。