Clinical Study of Double Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Combined with Dye Method and Marker Placement to Identify and Locate Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Patients with Breast Cancer

Objective: To explore the value of percutaneous ultrasonography combined with transvenous ultrasonography for accurate localization of sentinel lymph nodes and diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer. Methods: 18 cases of patients with breast cancer attending the Hainan General Hospital from May 2022 to June 2024 who were proposed to undergo axillary lymph node dissection were selected, and the ultrasonographic agent was injected subcutaneously through the areola on the 1st day before the operation, and the marker localization of the manifestation of the Sentinel lymph nodes and draw the lymphatic vessel alignment for drainage on the body surface, and record the manifestation of SLN by conventional ultrasound and dual ultrasonography. At the time of surgery, intraoperative melphalan localization was used to identify the SLN, the difference between the number of ultrasound and melphalan localization was observed, and resection was performed for pathological examination to determine whether they were metastatic or not. Results: There were 8 metastatic lymph nodes and 18 non-metastatic lymph nodes among 31 SLN. A total of 62 SLN were localized by intraoperative melphalan, of which 31 were consistent with ultrasound localization and 31 were not identified by ultrasound. The diagnostic sensitivity of SLN metastasis diagnosed by transcutaneous ultrasonography was 62.50%, specificity was 91.30%, positive predictive value was 71.43%, negative predictive value 87.50%, accuracy was 83.87%, and the AUC was 0.769;the diagnostic sensitivityof transvenous ultrasonography diagnosed was 75.00%, specificity was 75.00%, and the accuracy was 83.87%, 75.00%, specificity 91.30%, positive predictive value 75.00%, negative predictive value 91.30%, accuracy 87.10%, AUC 0.832;dual ultrasonography diagnostic sensitivity 87.50%, specificity 91.30%, positive predictive value 77.78%, negative predictive value 95.45%, accuracy 90.32%. The AUC was 0.894. Conclusion: Transcutaneous ultrasonography combined with transvenous ultrasonography can accurately localize sentinel lymph nodes and improve the sensitivity and accuracy of the diagnosis of metastatic SLN.

Sonographically guided lymph node biopsy: Complication rates

Purpose: The study investigated the rate of complications associated with sonographically guided lymph node biopsies and assessed potential risk factors. Methods: A total of 536 sonographically guided puncture procedures (283 males, 52.8%;253 females, 47.2%;average age 57.0 ± 16.0 years;range 14 - 87 years) were performed in 469 patients for the work-up of unclear lymphadenopathy. Events, complications and potential risk factors, were prospectively documented. Results: The 469 patients underwent a total of 536 puncture procedures (PP) including 663 punctures and 1485 passes. Lymph node localizations were intraabdominal (55.2%, n = 296), cervical (22.4%, n = 120), inguinal (12.9%, n = 69), axillary (7.8%, n = 42) and other (1.7%, n = 9). No complications were documented during the entire study period. There was no increased risk of complications documented for the potential risk factors number of punctures, the number of passes, the localization, diameter of the lymph node (s), puncture technique, needle gauge, as well as patients’ sex, age and coagulation parameters, and the experience of the examiner. Conclusions: Our findings confirm the safety of percutaneous sonographically guided lymph node biopsies in different regions of the body in patients with adequate coagulation parameters undergoing pre-interventional color Doppler ultrasound examination.

The Risk Factors of Lymphedema in Breast Cancer Patients Post Axillary Clearance

Introduction: Breast cancer is the number one malignancy affecting females in Saudi Arabia with a prevalence of 22.4%. Breast cancer incidence increases annually due to the aid of established screening programs, leading to the discovery of breast cancer in its early stages. Surgical treatment is an integral part of early breast cancer management to achieve local control. Axillary surgical interventions such sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and axillary lymph node clearance (ALND) aim to stage the axilla as an adjunct to the management of the primary breast tumor. In this paper, we reviewed female breast cancer patients aged 30 - 60 who underwent surgical treatment of SLNB and/or ALND with reporting the prevalence of lymphedema and other associated complications and risk factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional non-interventional study, with a sample size of 250 including breast cancer cases from 2016 to 2019 at National Guard Hospital (NGH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Results: A total of 253 breast cancer cases were included in this study, with a mean age of 53 years, 52.7% were postmenopausal and positive family history was present among 21% of cases. Further, 90.9% of the cases had unilateral disease. Staging was as follows: stage I 14.5%, stage II 45.2%, stage III 37.1%, and stage IV 3.2%. Mastectomy was done in 73.4% cases and lumpectomy was performed in 34.1% of cases. In addition, 93.3% of patients had SLNB and 49% of them were positive. Axillary dissection was performed in 69.6% of our patients. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy were given to 71.8% and 80.4% of cases respectively. Among the chemotherapy (chemo) recipients, 40.2% received adjuvant chemo, 54.5% received neoadjuvant chemo, and the remaining 5.3% received both. Further, the most prevalent complication was pain accounting for 42.1% of total complications, and the least prevalent was cellulitis 4%. Also, seroma developed in 18.3% cases, paresthesia noted in 5.6% of cases, winged scapula was reported as 2%, weakness and necrosis were seen in 6% and 13.1% of cases respectively. Axillary vein thrombosis and lymphangiosarcoma were reported in none of the patients (0%). Lymphoedema accounted for 16.1% of overall complications, 85% of the patients who developed lymphedema had undergone ALND, and 12.9% and 14.4% received radiotherapy and chemotherapy respectively. Lymphedema was observed in breast cancer stages as follows: stage I 1.2%, stage II 7.2%, and stage III 5.2%. Patients with body mass index (BMI) of 30 - 39 kg/m2 had 7.2% prevalence of lymphedema compared to other BMI groups. Overall mortality was 8.3%. Conclusion: The findings of our study suggest that the prevalence of lymphedema was higher in ALND patients with locally advanced tumors, and higher BMI, compared to patients with stage I breast cancer and low BMI. Further, the prevalence of lymphedema in patients who underwent ALND was significantly lower than those who were treated by lumpectomy 10.3% (p-value = 0.034) in comparison to mastectomy 19.3%.

The Initial Implementation of the Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB) for Breast Cancer Management in Malta

Over the past two decades, the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) based on sentinel node (SN) being the first lymph node that harbors metastases, revolutionized breast cancer management. SLNB presents much less morbidity when compared to radical axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) where all nodes are dissected irrespective of their metastatic involvement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of SLNB by investigating whether the histological characteristics of the SNs identified using scintigraphy are predictive of the histological characteristics of the ALN basin. Methods: Fifty-five female breast cancer patients underwent lymphoscintigraphy and SLNB followed by ALND. The histological status of the SN/s was correlated to the histological status of the ALNs to determine whether the SN accurately stages the ALNs in breast cancer. Results: During surgery, SNs were successfully isolated in 52 out of 55 cases (94.5%) (range, 0 to 9). No SNs were identified in 3 cases (5.5%). Results demonstrate a significant association (p = 0.05) between the metastatic status of SNs and the corresponding ALNs in 42 out of 52 patients (80.8%), but with a high false-negative rate (FNR) of 37.5%. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that the sentinel node concept provides the benefits of SLNB in the majority of instances. However, further work is required in reducing the FNR. Once the effectiveness of SLNB as a staging technique is locally established, the need of ALND in SN-negative patients would be limited, thus improving the quality of life of Maltese breast cancer patients.

Early Results of Omitting Completion Axillary Lymph Node Dissection in Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis-Positive Breast Cancer Patients

Background: We investigated the early results of omitting completion axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for axillary node metastasis-negative (N0), sentinel node (SN) metastasis-positive breast cancer patients. Patients and Methods: 489 patients had invasive N0 breast cancer treated without completion ALND, regardless of their SN metastasis status. Analyses included the associations between the SN metastasis status, clinicopathological findings and recurrence, between recurrence and clinicopathological findings, and recurrence-free survival. Results: 430 patients were SN biopsy (SNB)-negative, and 59 were SNB-positive. The SNB-positive patients received significantly more potent adjuvant therapy than the SNB-negative patients. Median follow-up was 3.7 years, and the axillary node recurrence was seen in 6 patients (1.2%) and recurrence in 21 patients. The SN status showed no associations with the clinicopathological findings or recurrence. Univariate analysis showed recurrence was associated with absence of hormonal therapy, ER-negative, PgR-negative, HER2-positive or triple-negative (TNBC) disease, a tumor ≥2.1 cm and higher nuclear grade. Multivariate analysis showed recurrence was associated with absence of hormonal therapy and a tumor ≥2.1 cm. Cox proportional hazards model showed recurrence was extremely early in ER-negative and TNBC patients. Conclusion: Completion ALND can be skipped in N0 breast cancer patients even if they are SNB-positive, but adjuvant therapy is essential.

Feasibility of Performing Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB) after Mastectomy: A Case Report

Introduction: Previous mastectomy remains a contraindication to SLNB as normal drainage patterns of the breast can be disturbed. Patients diagnosed with DCIS on core biopsy and later found to have microinvasive or invasive carci-noma at the time of mastectomy are deprived of the opportunity for SLNB and need to undergo axillary dissection. We explored the option and feasibility of performing SLNB in a 39-year-old female who underwent a simple mastectomy without axillary sampling for extensive DCIS and later found to have microinvasive ductal carcinoma on permanent pathology. Results: Lymphatic mapping using subdermal injection of 99mTc-labeled sulfur colloid and blue dye led to the identification of five SLNs. Histopathologic examination showed no metastasis. Conclusion: SNLB is feasible in this setting. However, before its use is routinely adopted, its feasibility and accuracy has to be demonstrated in larger num-bers of patients in whom a negative SLNB is followed by a completion axillary dissection.

Macrometastasis at selective lymph node biopsy:A practical goingfor-the-one clinical scoring system to personalize decision making

BACKGROUND Axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB)is standard treatment for patients with clinically and pathological negative lymph nodes.However,the role of completion axillary lymph node dissection(cALND)following positive sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB)is debated.AIM To identify a subgroup of women with high axillary tumor burden undergoing SLNB in whom cALND can be safely omitted in order to reduce the risk of longterm complications and create a Preoperative Clinical Risk Index(PCRI)that helps us in our clinical practice to optimize the selection of these patients.METHODS Patients with positive SLNB who underwent a cALND were included in this study.Univariate and multivariate analysis of prognostic and predictive factors were used to create a PCRI for safely omitting cALND.RESULTS From May 2007 to April 2014,we performed 1140 SLN biopsies,of which 125 were positive for tumor and justified to practice a posterior cALND.Pathologic findings at SLNB were micrometastases(mic)in 29 cases(23.4%)and macrometastasis(MAC)in 95 cases(76.6%).On univariate analysis of the 95 patients with MAC,statistically significant factors included:age,grade,phenotype,histology,lymphovascular invasion,lymph-node tumor size,and number of positive SLN.On multivariate analysis,only lymph-node tumor size(≤20 mm)and number of positive SLN(>1)retained significance.A numerical tool was created giving each of the parameters a value to predict preoperatively which patients would not benefit from cALND.Patients with a PCRI≤15 has low probability(<10%)of having additional lymph node involvement,a PRCI between 15-17.6 has a probability of 43%,and the probability increases to 69%in patients with a PCRI>17.6.CONCLUSION The PCRI seems to be a useful tool to prospectively estimate the risk of nodal involvement after positive SLN and to identify those patients who could omit cALND.Further prospective studies are necessary to validate PCRI clinical generalization.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy-Recent topics and technical tips

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA) is a useful procedure that enables reliable pathological diagnoses of pancreatobiliary diseases, subepithelial lesions, and swollen lymph nodes. In recent years, a pathological diagnosis based on EUS-FNA has made it possible to provide accurate treatment methods not only in these fields, but also in respiratory organs and otorhinolaryngology. This review discusses the latest topics pertaining to EUS-FNA as well as procedural tips.

Towards optimal management of the axilla in the context of a positive sentinel node biopsy in early breast cancer

The sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB) was initially pioneered for staging melanoma in 1994 and it has been subsequently validated by several trials, and has become the new standard of care for patients with clinically node negative invasive breast cancer. The focussed examination of fewer lymph nodes in addition to improvements in histopathological and molecular analysis has increased the rate at which micrometastases and isolated tumour cells are identified. In this article we review the literature regarding the optimal management of the axilla when the SLNB is positive for metastatic disease based on level 1 evidence derived from randomised clinical trials.

SENTINEL NODE BIOPSY BY TWO KINDS OF BLUE DYES IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER

Objective To evaluate the identification successful rate of sentinel lymph node with breast cancer and the accuracy to predict axillary lymph node status in different vital blue dyes.Methods 94 patients with breast cancer were recruited for the study between Oct. 1999 and Apr. 2001, of whom 32 and 62, respectively, were injected 0.028mmol·L -1 Methylene blue and 0.018mmol·L -1 Patent blue violet in breast parenchyma surrounding the primary tumor to identify SLN.All 94 patients underwent the axillary lymph node dissection.Results For Methylene blue group and Patent blue violet group, SLN identification successful rates were 65.6% and 88.7% and accuracy rate to predict axillary lymph node status were 90.5% and 98.2% , respectively.Conclusion In identifying SLN,Patent blue violet is more ideal vital blue dye than Methylene blue, whereas the accuracy rate to predict axillary lymph node status had no significant difference.

B超、双能CT、细针穿刺在甲状腺乳头状癌术前评估淋巴结转移中的优化选择

目的探寻高分辨率超声检查(B超)、双能计算机断层扫描(DECT)以及细针穿刺抽吸活检(FNAB)在甲状腺癌患者术前淋巴结转移(LNM)诊断时的最佳选择。方法回顾性分析了1174例在南京医科大学第一附属医院行手术治疗的甲状腺乳头状癌患者的资料,术前所有患者均行B超和DECT检查,其中167例患者加做侧区淋巴结FNAB和细针穿刺抽吸物洗脱液甲状腺球蛋白测定(FNA-TG)以评估LNM情况,手术后的常规病理结果作为诊断“金标准”,分析不同情况下甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)LNM评估方法的最优选择。结果DECT对于中央区淋巴结转移(CLNM)和侧区PTC淋巴结转移(LLNM)预测的灵敏度较B超有显著提高(55.4%vs.44.8%,P<0.001)(90.9%vs.71.6%,P<0.001),B超在LLNM预测的特异性较DECT有优势(72.7%vs.42.7%,P<0.001);B超、DECT联合诊断对CLNM和LLNM的阳性预测准确率较高(91.6%,94.8%),当联合诊断结果不一致时其阳性预测值明显下降(74.3%,63.1%)。此时,增加可疑淋巴结FNAB及FNA-TG检测后其准确率增加至87.9%。结论B超、DECT联合评估是必要的;联合诊断均有转移时,不需要进行额外检查,联合诊断结果不一致时,需要进一步进行淋巴结的FNAB和FNA-TG检测以避免不必要的侧区清扫。

X线联合超声Logistic模型预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的价值分析

目的分析与乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移相关的X线和超声征象,构建Logistic回归模型并评估其对术前预测腋窝淋巴结状态的临床价值。方法选取2015年1月至2022年1月高密市人民医院收治的312例原发性乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,根据是否发生腋窝淋巴结转移(ALNM)分为转移组(n=141)与未转移组(n=171)。所有患者均行X线及超声检查,比较未转移组与转移组乳腺浸润性导管癌的X线征象、超声征象,采用多因素Logistic回归分析ALNM的影响因素;绘制ROC曲线分析X线、超神征象及Logistic回归模型预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的价值。结果两组X线原发灶长径、皮肤增厚、乳头回缩、淋巴结门和淋巴结密度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组象限位置、钙化和边缘毛刺比较差异无统计学意义;两组超声原发灶长径、淋巴结皮髓质分界和淋巴结皮质比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组原发灶高回声晕、后场回声、血流分级和纵横比比较差异无统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,X线征象的乳房皮肤增厚征象、超声淋巴结皮质增厚征象是乳腺浸润性导管癌患者发生ALNM的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,X线乳房皮肤增厚征象和超声征象的淋巴结皮质增厚预测淋巴结转移的AUC分别为0.652(95%CI:0.589~0.714)、0.725(95%CI:0.666~0.784),模型预测ALNM的AUC为0.795(95%CI:0.742~0.848),预测效能较好。结论乳腺癌患者的X线皮肤增厚征象和超声腋窝淋巴结皮质增厚征象与ALNM有关,X线联合超声的Logistic模型可较准确地预测乳腺癌患者的腋窝淋巴结状态。

Evaluation of pathological diagnosis using ultrasonographyguided lymph node core-needle biopsy

Background Image-guided core-needle biopsy as a minimally invasive procedure has partially replaced excisional biopsy of the lymph node. However, it is still a great challenge to pathologists. The aim of this study was to survey and evaluate the accuracy of pathological diagnosis using the ultrasonography （US）-guided core-needle biopsy （CNB） of the lymph node.Methods Lymph node CNBs of 1119 consecutive patients from the Chinese People＇s Liberation Army （PLA） General Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Biopsies were performed following outpatient procedures with direct US guiding by using 18-gauge cutting needle. The tissues of CNB were prepared according to the routine paraffin embedding and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Ancillary studies, including acid-fast staining and immunohistochemical staining, were performed when necessary.Results The age range was 1 year old to 85 years old. Locations of the lymph node were as follows： cervical area （n=482）, clavicular region （n=-227）, retroperitoneum （n=-150）, axilla （n=93）, groin （n=79）, abdomen/mesentery （n=44）,submaxillary region （n=-33）, postauricular region （n=4）, iliac rosa （n=3）, parotid （n=2）, hepatic hilar region （n=1）, and elbow （n=1）. The histological diagnoses were conclusive in 815 cases （73%） and inconclusive in 304 cases （27%）. The conclusive cases mainly included metastatic carcinoma （n=-449）, tuberculosis （n=111）, lymphoma/leukemia （n=124）, reactive hyperplasia （n=-87）, and other rare diseases （n=44）. The reasons for inconclusive cases were insufficient material for diagnosis, noncompliance of outpatients, or crushing artifacts of tissues caused by operation.Conclusions US-guided CNB can obtain lymphoid tissues from nearly all parts of the body for diagnostic purposes.Conclusive pathological diagnosis can be made in most of cases when adequate material was provided. Besides metastatic carcinoma,lymphomas with special immunophenotype can be accurately diagnosed and subclassified by US-guided CNB.

前哨淋巴结活检与腋窝淋巴结清扫术在乳腺癌手术中的应用效果

目的探讨前哨淋巴结活检与腋窝淋巴结清扫术在乳腺癌手术中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析86例女性乳腺癌患者临床资料,将术中接受前哨淋巴结活检的43例患者设为观察组,将术中接受腋窝淋巴结清扫术治疗的43例患者设为对照组。比较2组手术情况、肩关节活动度、肩关节功能、疼痛程度、免疫功能及并发症。结果观察组术中出血量[(76.52±6.29)ml]少于对照组[(89.74±7.35)ml],手术时间[(62.35±6.25)min]、拔管时间[(4.35±0.49)d]及住院时间[(8.63±1.12)d]短于对照组[(69.74±6.48)min、(5.24±0.67)d、(10.39±1.35)d],有统计学差异(P<0.05)。观察组术后外旋[(76.24±5.73)°]、内旋[(74.14±5.82)°]、屈曲[(150.32±9.82)°]、外展[(137.52±9.43)°]及肩关节Neer评分[(86.32±6.15)分]高于对照组[(68.78±5.42)°、(67.06±5.49)°、(138.97±9.37)°、(122.37±9.26)°、(80.54±6.07)分],有统计学差异(P<0.05)。观察组术后d1、d3、d7时视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分[(5.21±1.17)分、(3.15±0.46)分、(1.42±0.29)分]低于对照组[(6.87±1.22)分、(3.87±0.52)分、(2.04±0.32)分],有统计学差异(P<0.05)。观察组术后CD3^(+)[(65.28±6.19)%]、CD4^(+)[(43.76±4.28)%]、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)[(1.90±0.29)]高于对照组[(60.14±6.05)%、(40.15±4.19)%、(1.49±0.28)],CD8^(+)[(23.04±2.25)%]低于对照组[(26.81±2.34)%],并发症发生率低于对照组,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论术中进行前哨淋巴结活检可减轻对乳腺癌患者的机体创伤,降低手术对肩关节功能的影响,且对免疫功能影响更小,并发症更少。

甲状腺癌术后患者行超声引导下射频消融侧颈区和中央区转移性淋巴结的有效性及安全性比较

背景超声引导下射频消融(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)对甲状腺癌术后患者侧颈区与中央区的转移性淋巴结(cervical lymph nodes metastasis,CLNM)疗效的对比研究较少。目的评估RFA对甲状腺癌全切术后侧颈区和中央区CLNM的治疗效果和并发症发生情况。方法回顾性分析2020年1月—2021年1月在解放军总医院第一医学中心超声诊断科行RFA治疗甲状腺癌全切术后发生侧颈区和中央区CLNM的患者,随访截至2023年1月1日,对比两组患者消融前后的CLNM体积和消融后体积缩小率(volume reduction rate,VRR)以及消融时和随访中的并发症发生情况。结果共52例患者(96枚CLNM)纳入研究。侧颈区38例(74枚CLNM),男性10例,女性28例,平均年龄(43.1±8.3)岁;中央区14例(22枚CLNM),男性4例,女性10例,平均年龄(34.4±16.3)岁。两组年龄和性别无统计学差异(P>0.05)。侧颈区和中央区的CLNM在消融后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月和24个月体积逐渐减小且VRR逐渐增加,随访2年内CLNM完全消失,且各随访节点两组间的CLNM体积和VRR差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。消融时6例有颈部疼痛(侧颈区2例,中央区4例),无其他轻微不良反应和严重并发症发生。随访期间8例(15.4%)出现消融区域外的复发(侧颈区3例,中央区5例),均成功完成二次RFA。结论RFA对甲状腺癌全切术后颈部侧颈区和中央区的CLNM均有良好的有效性和安全性。

基于病理和超声图像特征的列线图模型预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的临床价值

目的基于浸润性乳腺癌原发灶的病理和超声图像特征构建列线图模型,探讨其预测腋窝淋巴结转移的临床价值。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的浸润性乳腺癌女性患者369例患者,以7∶3比例随机分为训练集(258例)和验证集(111例)。根据是否发生腋窝淋巴结转移将训练集患者分为转移组(116例)和未转移组(143例),比较两组血清肿瘤标志物、病理和超声图像特征的差异;采用二元Logistic回归分析筛选预测浸润性乳腺癌患者发生腋窝淋巴结转移的独立影响因素,并构建预测腋窝淋巴结转移的列线图模型;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线和校准曲线分别评估该模型的区分度和校准度。结果训练集中转移组与未转移组原发灶病理类型、组织学分级、血清肿瘤标志物[糖类抗原153(CA153)和癌胚抗原(CEA)]水平,以及超声图像特征(最大径、位置、有无高回声晕环)比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,原发灶位置(内下象限)、高回声晕环、最大径、组织学分级均为预测浸润性乳腺癌患者发生腋窝淋巴结转移的独立影响因素(OR=0.064、13.278、1.049、9.277,均P<0.05)。以此构建的列线图模型预测训练集和验证集浸润性乳腺癌患者发生腋窝淋巴结转移的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.845、0.823,校准曲线与理想曲线高度吻合,其区分度和校准度均高。结论基于浸润性乳腺癌原发灶的病理和超声图像特征构建的列线图模型可预测腋窝淋巴结转移风险,可为临床精准诊疗提供参考。

超声引导下浅表淋巴结穿刺活检在临床诊断中的应用价值研究

分析超声引导下浅表淋巴结穿刺活检的诊断价值。选取2020年1月—2023年6月诊治的112例浅表淋巴结肿大患者为研究对象,入选患者均行常规超声检查和超声引导下浅表淋巴结穿刺活检,评价两种方法的诊断价值。112例患者手术病理检查结果发现恶性疾病35例,良性疾病77例;常规超声检查诊断结果为恶性疾病47例,良性疾病65例,漏诊8例,误诊20例;超声引导下浅表淋巴结穿刺活检诊断结果为恶性疾病36例,良性疾病76例,漏诊2例,误诊3例,常规超声检查的敏感度为77.1%,特异度为74.0%,准确度为75.0%,阳性预测值为57.5%,阴性预测值为87.7%;超声引导下浅表淋巴结穿刺活检的敏感度为94.3%,特异度为96.1%,准确度为95.5%,阳性预测值为91.7%,阴性预测值为97.4%,超声引导下浅表淋巴结穿刺活检的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均高于常规超声检查,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究发现,超声引导下浅表淋巴结穿刺活检的诊断价值高,可在浅表淋巴结肿大临床诊断中推广使用。

可疑淋巴结导丝定位在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结状态评估中的应用价值

目的探讨超声引导下导丝定位可疑淋巴结联合前哨淋巴结活检(SLNB)在评估早期乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移中的价值。方法收集2015年6月至2021年4月313例乳腺癌病例,术前在超声引导下导丝定位可疑淋巴结,手术中行SLNB和超声定位可疑淋巴结活检,对前哨淋巴结(SLN)、可疑淋巴结分两组标本行病理诊断,比较单纯SLNB与SLNB联合可疑淋巴结活检评估乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移状态的差异。结果313例患者术前均行超声引导下导丝定位可疑淋巴结及亚甲蓝染色。超声引导下导丝定位成功312例,检出率为99.7%(312/313)。亚甲蓝染色成功279例,检出率为89.1%(279/313)。166例术中证实可疑淋巴结即为SLN,符合率为53.0%(166/313)。术后病理证实,腋窝淋巴结阴性258例,腋窝淋巴结阳性55例,其中SLNB阳性44例,SLNB联合可疑转移淋巴结活检阳性55例。SLNB假阴性11例,假阴性率20.0%(11/55),灵敏度为80.0%(44/55),准确率为96.1%(268/279)。SLNB联合可疑淋巴结活检预测腋窝淋巴结状态未见假阴性,灵敏度为100.0%(55/55),准确率为100.0%(313/313)。与单纯SLNB比较,SLNB联合可疑淋巴结活检能显著降低假阴性的发生率(P<0.001)。两种方法一致性检验的Kappa值为0.865(P<0.001)。结论超声引导下导丝定位可疑淋巴结联合SLNB预测早期乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结状态优于单纯SLNB,且以亚甲蓝作为示踪剂配合超声引导下导丝定位可疑淋巴结操作相对简单,具有较好的安全性和应用前景。

超声影像组学诊断乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的Meta分析

目的应用Meta分析系统评价超声影像组学诊断乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结转移(ALNM)的临床价值。方法计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库,搜索建库至2023年10月1日关于超声影像组学对乳腺癌患者ALNM的诊断性研究,由2名研究人员筛选文献并提取有效数据,采用Stata 17.0、RevMan 5.3和Meta-Disc 1.4统计软件进行Meta分析。结果本研究最终纳入14篇文献,研究对象包括乳腺癌患者4469例,其中ALNM患者1748例,非ALNM患者2721例。Meta分析结果显示,超声影像组学诊断乳腺癌患者ALNM的合并灵敏度为0.79[95%可信区间(CI):0.73~0.85],合并特异度为0.79(95%CI:0.71~0.85),合并阳性似然比为3.70(95%CI:2.70~5.10),合并阴性似然比为0.26(95%CI:0.19~0.35),合并诊断比值比为14.0(95%CI:8.0~24.0),综合受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.86(95%CI:0.83~0.89)。合并结果的异质性并非单项研究引起,亚组分析显示,样本量大小和文献发表地可能是造成异质性的原因。Deek’s漏斗图提示不存在潜在的发表偏倚(t=0.37,P=0.72)。Fagan图显示,超声影像组学诊断乳腺癌患者ALNM的验前概率为50%,当阳性似然比为4、阴性似然比为0.26时,其验后概率分别为79%、21%。结论超声影像组学诊断乳腺癌患者ALNM具有一定的临床价值。

USCNB联合肿瘤标志物诊断乳腺癌、评估腋窝淋巴结分期中的价值

目的 探讨超声引导下空芯针穿刺活检(USCNB)联合肿瘤标志物诊断乳腺癌、评估腋窝淋巴结分期中的价值。方法 选取我院114例疑似乳腺癌患者,以病理诊断为金标准,评价USCNB、肿瘤标志物对乳腺癌的诊断价值,并对比不同腋窝淋巴结分期患者USCNB阳性率、肿瘤标志物水平及与腋窝淋巴结分期的相关性。结果 114例经手术病理检查确诊乳腺癌83例,腋窝淋巴结分期N0期17例、N1期30例、N2期20例、N3期16例;USCNB检查显示阳性82例,腋窝淋巴结分期N3、N2期患者USCNB阳性率>N1期患者>N0期患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);乳腺癌患者血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、糖类抗原153(CA153)水平高于非乳腺癌患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);腋窝淋巴结分期N3期患者血清CEA、CA125、CA153水平>N2期患者>N1期患者>N0期患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析,USCNB、血清CEA、CA125、CA153联合诊断乳腺癌的AUC为0.936(95%CI:0.875~0.974);USCNB阳性率、血清CEA、CA125、CA153水平与腋窝淋巴结分期呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 USCNB联合血清CEA、CA125、CA153在乳腺癌诊断中具有可靠的应用价值,还能为临床评估腋窝淋巴结分期提供数据支持。