Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)represents the combination of endoscopy and intraluminal ultrasonography.This allows use of a high-frequency transducer(5-20 MHz)that,due to the short distance to the target lesion,provi...Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)represents the combination of endoscopy and intraluminal ultrasonography.This allows use of a high-frequency transducer(5-20 MHz)that,due to the short distance to the target lesion,provides ultrasonographic images of higher resolution than those obtained from other imaging modalities,including multiple-detector-row-computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and positron emission tomography.EUS is now a widely accepted modality for diagnosing pancreatic diseases.However,the most important limitation of EUS has been the lack of specificity in differentiating between benign and malignant changes.In 1992,EUS-guided fine needle aspiration(FNA)of lesions in the pancreas head was introduced into clinical practice,using a curved linear-array echoendoscope.Since then,EUS has evolved from EUS imaging to EUSFNA and wider applications.Interventional EUS for pancreatic cancer includes EUS-FNA,EUS-guided fine needle injection,EUS-guided biliary drainage and anastomosis,EUS-guided celiac neurolysis,radiofrequency ablation,brachytherapy,and delivery of a growing number of anti-tumor agents.This review focuses on interventional EUS,including EUS-FNA and therapeutic EUS for pancreatic cancer.展开更多
Both endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)-guided choledochoduodenostomy( EUS- CDS) and EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy(EUS-HGS) are relatively well established as alternatives to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(P...Both endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)-guided choledochoduodenostomy( EUS- CDS) and EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy(EUS-HGS) are relatively well established as alternatives to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD). Both EUSCDS and EUS-HGS have high technical and clinical success rates(more than 90%) in high-volume centers. Complications for both procedures remain high at 10%-30%. Procedures performed by endoscopists who have done fewer than 20 cases sometimes result in severe or fatal complications. When learning EUSguided biliary drainage(EUS-BD), we recommend a mentor's supervision during at least the first 20 cases. For inoperable malignant lower biliary obstruction, a skillful endoscopist should perform EUS-BD before EUS-guided rendezvous technique(EUS-RV) and PTBD. We should be select EUS-BD for patients having altered anatomy from malignant tumors before balloon-enteroscope-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, EUS-RV, and PTBD. If both EUS-CDS and EUS-HGS are available, we should select EUS-CDS, according to published data. EUSBD will potentially become a first-line biliary drainage procedure in the near future.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)has evolved in the last years making it not only a diagnostic modality but a therapeutic procedure.EUS is now used as an alternative technique to percutaneous and surgical dra...BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)has evolved in the last years making it not only a diagnostic modality but a therapeutic procedure.EUS is now used as an alternative technique to percutaneous and surgical drainage.Even though EUS is a challenging procedure and not always suitable compared to percutaneous drainage,there is a need for developing new therapeutic approaches to the liver for when percutaneous drainage is not feasible.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 82 years old male who developed an infected subcapsular hepatic hematoma(SHH)of the left lobe following percutaneous biliary drainage.After 2 failed attempts of percutaneous drainage of the SHH and because the patients couldn’t withstand surgery,we conducted a EUS drainage and debridement of the SHH.Using a lumen apposing metal stent(LAMS)by a transgastric approach,we were able to gain endoscopic access to the SHH.With our experience in the debridement of walled off pancreatic necrosis using this technique,we were confident it was the right approach.After four debridement sessions,the computed tomography scan showed a clear regression of the SHH.CONCLUSION To our knowledge,this is the first case of successful endoscopic debridement of a SHH using a LAMS which appear to be feasible and safe in this specific case.展开更多
Currently,chemotherapy is an accredited,standard treatment for unresectable,advanced pancreatic cancer(PC). However,it has been still showed treatmentresistance and followed dismal prognosis in many cases. Therefore,s...Currently,chemotherapy is an accredited,standard treatment for unresectable,advanced pancreatic cancer(PC). However,it has been still showed treatmentresistance and followed dismal prognosis in many cases. Therefore,some sort of new,additional treatments are needed for the better therapeutic results for advanced PC. According to the previous reports,it is obvious that interventional endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) is a well-established,helpful and low-risky procedure in general. As the additional treatments of the conventional therapy for advanced PC,many therapeutic strategies,such as immunotherapies,molecular biological therapies,physiochemical therapies,radioactive therapies,using si RNA,using autophagy have been developing in recent years. Moreover,the efficacy of the other potential therapeutic targets for PC using EUS-fine needle injection,for example,intra-tumoral chemotherapeutic agents(paclitaxel,irinotecan),several ablative energies(radiofrequency ablation and cryothermal treatment,neodymiumdoped yttrium aluminum garnet laser,high-intensity focused ultrasound),etc.,has already been showed in animal models. Delivering these promising treatments reliably inside tumor,interventional EUS may probably be indispensable existence for the treatment of locally advanced PC in near future.展开更多
甲状腺结节在中国患病率高,达36.9%,女性显著高于男性,且存在地区差异。超声检查作为首选诊断工具,因无创、便捷及高灵敏度而被广泛应用。近年来,超声诊断技术不断发展,包括TIRADS系统、多模态超声、细针穿刺及分子检测、人工智能(artif...甲状腺结节在中国患病率高,达36.9%,女性显著高于男性,且存在地区差异。超声检查作为首选诊断工具,因无创、便捷及高灵敏度而被广泛应用。近年来,超声诊断技术不断发展,包括TIRADS系统、多模态超声、细针穿刺及分子检测、人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)等。其中,2020版中国影像报告数据系统(China-Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System,C-TIRADS)结合中国国情,提高了诊断准确率。多模态超声评估结合多种超声技术,显著提高了诊断效能,减少了不必要的穿刺。分子检测与AI辅助诊断则进一步提升了诊断精度,但AI模型的泛化能力和长期临床应用效果尚需验证。超声引导下的介入治疗在甲状腺结节管理中占据重要地位,包括化学消融和热消融技术。化学消融主要用于囊性为主结节,热消融则适用于囊实性及实性结节,两者联合应用效果更佳。热消融技术在甲状腺微小乳头状癌治疗中的应用虽存争议,但初步研究的结果已显示了其疗效和安全性。尽管超声技术在甲状腺结节诊治中取得了显著进展,但仍存在挑战,如诊断标准的不统一、不同地区医院之间的设备及技术水平差异、热消融治疗的长期疗效与安全性缺乏大规模研究数据等。未来的发展方向包括改进风险分层系统、加强多模态超声评估研究、提升AI模型泛化能力、规范分子检测技术应用、探索消融治疗适应证和规范化疗效评估等。展开更多
文摘Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)represents the combination of endoscopy and intraluminal ultrasonography.This allows use of a high-frequency transducer(5-20 MHz)that,due to the short distance to the target lesion,provides ultrasonographic images of higher resolution than those obtained from other imaging modalities,including multiple-detector-row-computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and positron emission tomography.EUS is now a widely accepted modality for diagnosing pancreatic diseases.However,the most important limitation of EUS has been the lack of specificity in differentiating between benign and malignant changes.In 1992,EUS-guided fine needle aspiration(FNA)of lesions in the pancreas head was introduced into clinical practice,using a curved linear-array echoendoscope.Since then,EUS has evolved from EUS imaging to EUSFNA and wider applications.Interventional EUS for pancreatic cancer includes EUS-FNA,EUS-guided fine needle injection,EUS-guided biliary drainage and anastomosis,EUS-guided celiac neurolysis,radiofrequency ablation,brachytherapy,and delivery of a growing number of anti-tumor agents.This review focuses on interventional EUS,including EUS-FNA and therapeutic EUS for pancreatic cancer.
文摘Both endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)-guided choledochoduodenostomy( EUS- CDS) and EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy(EUS-HGS) are relatively well established as alternatives to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD). Both EUSCDS and EUS-HGS have high technical and clinical success rates(more than 90%) in high-volume centers. Complications for both procedures remain high at 10%-30%. Procedures performed by endoscopists who have done fewer than 20 cases sometimes result in severe or fatal complications. When learning EUSguided biliary drainage(EUS-BD), we recommend a mentor's supervision during at least the first 20 cases. For inoperable malignant lower biliary obstruction, a skillful endoscopist should perform EUS-BD before EUS-guided rendezvous technique(EUS-RV) and PTBD. We should be select EUS-BD for patients having altered anatomy from malignant tumors before balloon-enteroscope-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, EUS-RV, and PTBD. If both EUS-CDS and EUS-HGS are available, we should select EUS-CDS, according to published data. EUSBD will potentially become a first-line biliary drainage procedure in the near future.
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)has evolved in the last years making it not only a diagnostic modality but a therapeutic procedure.EUS is now used as an alternative technique to percutaneous and surgical drainage.Even though EUS is a challenging procedure and not always suitable compared to percutaneous drainage,there is a need for developing new therapeutic approaches to the liver for when percutaneous drainage is not feasible.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 82 years old male who developed an infected subcapsular hepatic hematoma(SHH)of the left lobe following percutaneous biliary drainage.After 2 failed attempts of percutaneous drainage of the SHH and because the patients couldn’t withstand surgery,we conducted a EUS drainage and debridement of the SHH.Using a lumen apposing metal stent(LAMS)by a transgastric approach,we were able to gain endoscopic access to the SHH.With our experience in the debridement of walled off pancreatic necrosis using this technique,we were confident it was the right approach.After four debridement sessions,the computed tomography scan showed a clear regression of the SHH.CONCLUSION To our knowledge,this is the first case of successful endoscopic debridement of a SHH using a LAMS which appear to be feasible and safe in this specific case.
文摘Currently,chemotherapy is an accredited,standard treatment for unresectable,advanced pancreatic cancer(PC). However,it has been still showed treatmentresistance and followed dismal prognosis in many cases. Therefore,some sort of new,additional treatments are needed for the better therapeutic results for advanced PC. According to the previous reports,it is obvious that interventional endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) is a well-established,helpful and low-risky procedure in general. As the additional treatments of the conventional therapy for advanced PC,many therapeutic strategies,such as immunotherapies,molecular biological therapies,physiochemical therapies,radioactive therapies,using si RNA,using autophagy have been developing in recent years. Moreover,the efficacy of the other potential therapeutic targets for PC using EUS-fine needle injection,for example,intra-tumoral chemotherapeutic agents(paclitaxel,irinotecan),several ablative energies(radiofrequency ablation and cryothermal treatment,neodymiumdoped yttrium aluminum garnet laser,high-intensity focused ultrasound),etc.,has already been showed in animal models. Delivering these promising treatments reliably inside tumor,interventional EUS may probably be indispensable existence for the treatment of locally advanced PC in near future.
文摘甲状腺结节在中国患病率高,达36.9%,女性显著高于男性,且存在地区差异。超声检查作为首选诊断工具,因无创、便捷及高灵敏度而被广泛应用。近年来,超声诊断技术不断发展,包括TIRADS系统、多模态超声、细针穿刺及分子检测、人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)等。其中,2020版中国影像报告数据系统(China-Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System,C-TIRADS)结合中国国情,提高了诊断准确率。多模态超声评估结合多种超声技术,显著提高了诊断效能,减少了不必要的穿刺。分子检测与AI辅助诊断则进一步提升了诊断精度,但AI模型的泛化能力和长期临床应用效果尚需验证。超声引导下的介入治疗在甲状腺结节管理中占据重要地位,包括化学消融和热消融技术。化学消融主要用于囊性为主结节,热消融则适用于囊实性及实性结节,两者联合应用效果更佳。热消融技术在甲状腺微小乳头状癌治疗中的应用虽存争议,但初步研究的结果已显示了其疗效和安全性。尽管超声技术在甲状腺结节诊治中取得了显著进展,但仍存在挑战,如诊断标准的不统一、不同地区医院之间的设备及技术水平差异、热消融治疗的长期疗效与安全性缺乏大规模研究数据等。未来的发展方向包括改进风险分层系统、加强多模态超声评估研究、提升AI模型泛化能力、规范分子检测技术应用、探索消融治疗适应证和规范化疗效评估等。
