An efficient fluorination of β-ketosulfones promoted by a room-temperature ionic liquid at ambient conditions under ultrasound irradiation using Selectfluor^(TM) F-TEDA-BF_4

The fluorination reaction involving a β-ketosulfones by Selectfluor^TM was efficiently promoted by the ionic liquid, [Hbim]BF4 （IL） as a reaction medium with methanol as co-solvent at room temperature under ultrasonic irradiation to afford the corresponding mono and difluoro-β-ketosulfones in excellent yields. The advantages of this method include among others the use of a recyclable, non-volatile ionic liquid, which promotes this protocol under room temperature without the requirement of any added catalyst under ultrasonic irradiation.

A Novel Access to Organostannane Compounds under Ultrasound Irradiation

A simple and efficient procedure has been developed for the synthesis of organostannane compounds by one-pot reaction of stannane halides, magnesium turnings and organic halides in the presence of 1, 2-dibromoethane under ultrasound irradiation for the first time.

Novel Access to Organostannane Compounds under Ultrasound Irradiation

A simple and efficient procedure has been developed for the synthesis of organostannane compounds by one-pot reaction of stannane halides, magnesium turnings and organic halides in the presence of 1,2-dibromoethane under ultrasound irradiation.

Effective preparation of 5,5'-(arylmethylene)bis(4-hydroxythiazole-2(3H)-one) in an aqueous fluoroalcohol solvent system under ultrasound irradiation at room temperature

A green and convenient approach for the synthesis of a series of 5,5＇-（arylmethylene）bis（4-hydroxythiazole-2（3H）-one） by the reaction of aryl aldehydes,monochloroacetic acid and ammonium thiocyanate in water/trifluoroethanol（TFE）（1：1） under ultrasound irradiation at room temperature is described.This method provides several advantages such as environmental friendliness,shorter time,excellent yields,and simple work-up procedure.

Estimation of temperature elevation generated by ultrasonic irradiation in biological tissues using the thermal wave method

In most previous models,simulation of the temperature generation in tissue is based on the Pennes bio-heat transfer equation,which implies an instantaneous thermal energy deposition in the medium.Due to the long thermal relaxation time τ（20 s-30 s） in biological tissues,the actual temperature elevation during clinical treatments could be different from the value predicted by the Pennes bioheat equation.The thermal wave model of bio-heat transfer（TWMBT） defines a thermal relaxation time to describe the tissue heating from ultrasound exposure.In this paper,COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a,a finite element method software package,is used to simulate the temperature response in tissues based on Pennes and TWMBT equations.We further discuss different factors in the bio-heat transfer model on the influence of the temperature rising and it is found that the temperature response in tissue under ultrasound exposure is a rising process with a declining rate.The thermal relaxation time inhibits the temperature elevation at the beginning of ultrasonic heating.Besides,thermal relaxation in TWMBT leads to lower temperature estimation than that based on Pennes equation during the same period of time.The blood flow carrying heat dominates most to the decline of temperature rising rate and the influence increases with temperature rising.On the contrary,heat diffusion,which can be described by thermal conductivity,has little effect on the temperature rising.

Effects Of Ultrasound On Voltammetric Measurements At An Ag Cylinder Electrode

In this paper,the voltammetric behaviours of Ag cylinder electrode in 1 mol/dm(3) KOH solution have been investigated in the presence of ultrasound irradiation. The results based on the CV, EIS and polarization measurements showed that ultrasound could enhance the mass transport, inhibit the oxygen evolution and increase the exchange current.

Studies on the Neodymium-induced Pinacol Coupling of Aromatic Aldehydes and Ketones in Aqueous Media

Pinacol coupling reactions of aromatic aldehydes and ketones were carded out using Nd-36% HOAc-CH2Cl2 system with stirring at r. t. for 4 h （in 14-70% yield）. The reactions in the same system gave pinacols in 10-93% yield under ultrasound irradiation at r. t. for 2 h.

A New Drug Delivery System──Ciprofloxacine/TricalciumPhosphate Delivery Capsule (CTDC) and Its In Vitro DrugRelease Pattern

A new drug delivery system (DDS), ciprofloxacine/tricalcium phosphate delivery capsule (CTDC) was developed by loading a broad-spectrum antibiotic ciprofloxacine into the central cylindrical cavity of tricalcium phosphate capsule. The new system showed good biocompatibility and could degrade gradually in our preliminary studies. In vitro study showed that CTDC could mantain highlevel and long-term releae of ciprofloxacine and that ultrasonic irradiation within the range of physical therapy could increase the drug release amount from CTDC(P<0. 02), and might become a new technique to achieve the control of drug release from DDS.

Ultrasound-assisted Cinnamaldehyde Hydrogenation to Cinnamyl Alcohol at Atmospheric Pressure over Ru-B Amorphous Catalyst

The ultrafine Ru-B amorphous alloy catalyst was prepared by chemical reduction with KBH4. During liquidphase hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde at atmospheric pressure, the Ru-B catalyst prepared exhibited excellent selectivity to cinnamyl alcohol. When the hydrogenation was performed with ultrasonic irradiation, the reaction rate could be greatly enhanced while the selectivity to cinnamyl alcohol remained almost unchanged. The hydrogenation rate was increased with the increase of either the ultrasonic frequency or the irradiation time. According to various characterizations, such as XRD, XPS, TEM, BET and ICP, the effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the structural and electronic characteristics of Ru-B catalyst was studied briefly. Meanwhile, the promotion effect of ultrasonication on the catalytic performance was also discussed based on the selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol.

Ultrasound-triggered dual-drug release from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/mesoporous silica nanoparticles electrospun composite fibers

The aim of this study was to achieve on-demand controlled drug release from the dual-drug-loadedpoly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/mesoporous silica nanoparticles electrospun composite fibers by theapplication of ultrasound irradiation.Two drugs were loaded in different part of the composite fibrousmaterials,and it was found that ultrasound as an external stimulus was able to control releaseof drugs due to both its thermal effect and non-thermal effect.With the selective irradiation ofultrasound,the drug carrier enabled to realize controlled release,and because of different locationin fibers and sensitivity of two different kinds of drugs to ultrasound irradiation,the release rate oftwo drugs was different.These results indicated that ultrasound irradiation was a facile method torealize the on-demand controlled release of two drugs from the electrospun fibers.

Sonochemical synthesis and photoluminescence properties of rare-earth phosphate core/shell nanorods

Rare earth phosphate core/shell nanostructures were synthesized via facile ultrasound irradiation method.XRD and TEM were em-ployed to characterize the structure and morphology properties.The photoluminescence(PL) properties of TbPO4/CePO4 and CePO4/TbPO4 core/shell nanorods were studied to explore the energy transfers from Ce3+ to Tb3+.In the Ce0.9Tb0.1PO4/LaPO4 core/shell nanorods,the PL intensity of Ce0.9Tb0.1PO4 nanorods was enhanced when the LaPO4 shells were coated.