Lung ultrasound score evaluation of the effect of pressure-controlled ventilation volume-guaranteed on patients undergoing laparoscopicassisted radical gastrectomy

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic-assisted radical gastrectomy(LARG)is the standard treatment for early-stage gastric carcinoma(GC).However,the negative impact of this proce-dure on respiratory function requires the optimized intraoperative management of patients in terms of ventilation.AIM To investigate the influence of pressure-controlled ventilation volume-guaranteed(PCV-VG)and volume-controlled ventilation(VCV)on blood gas analysis and pulmonary ventilation in patients undergoing LARG for GC based on the lung ultrasound score(LUS).METHODS The study included 103 patients with GC undergoing LARG from May 2020 to May 2023,with 52 cases undergoing PCV-VG(research group)and 51 cases undergoing VCV(control group).LUS were recorded at the time of entering the operating room(T0),20 minutes after anesthesia with endotracheal intubation(T1),30 minutes after artificial pneumoperitoneum(PP)establishment(T2),and 15 minutes after endotracheal tube removal(T5).For blood gas analysis,arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO_(2))and partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO_(2))were observed.Peak airway pressure(P_(peak)),plateau pressure(Pplat),mean airway pressure(P_(mean)),and dynamic pulmonary compliance(C_(dyn))were recorded at T1 and T2,1 hour after PP establishment(T3),and at the end of the operation(T4).Postoperative pulmonary complications(PPCs)were recorded.Pre-and postoperative serum interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS Compared with those at T0,the whole,anterior,lateral,posterior,upper,lower,left,and right lung LUS of the research group were significantly reduced at T1,T2,and T5;in the control group,the LUS of the whole and partial lung regions(posterior,lower,and right lung)decreased significantly at T2,while at T5,the LUS of the whole and some regions(lateral,lower,and left lung)increased significantly.In comparison with the control group,the whole and regional LUS of the research group were reduced at T1,T2,and T5,with an increase in PaO_(2),decrease in PaCO_(2),reduction in P_(peak) at T1 to T4,increase in P_(mean) and C_(dyn),and decrease in Pplat at T4,all significant.The research group showed a significantly lower incidence of PPCs than the control group within 3 days postoperatively.Postoperative IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αsignificantly increased in both groups,with even higher levels in the control group.CONCLUSION LUS can indicate intraoperative non-uniformity and postural changes in pulmonary ventilation under PCV-VG and VCV.Under the lung protective ventilation strategy,the PCV-VG mode more significantly improved intraop-erative lung ventilation in patients undergoing LARG for GC and reduced lung injury-related cytokine production,thereby alleviating lung injury.

Ultrasound unveiling:Decoding venous congestion in heart failure for precision management of fluid status

This editorial discusses the manuscript by Di Maria et al,published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Cardiology.We here focus on the still elusive pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardio-renal syndrome(CRS),despite its high prevalence and the substantial worsening of both kidney function and heart failure.While the measure of right atrial pressure through right cardiac catheterization remains the most accurate albeit invasive and costly procedure,integrating bedside ultrasound into diagnostic protocols may substantially enhance the staging of venous congestion and guide therapeutic decisions.In particular,with the assessment of Doppler patterns across multiple venous districts,the Venous Excess Ultrasound(VExUS)score improves the management of fluid overload and provides insight into the underlying factors contributing to cardio-renal interactions.Integrating specific echocardiographic parameters,particularly those concerning the right heart,may thus improve the VExUS score sensitivity,offering perspective into the nuanced comprehension of cardio-renal dynamics.A multidisciplinary approach that consistently incorporates the use of ultrasound is emerging as a promising advance in the understanding and management of CRS.

Predictive Score for Pulmonary Ultrasound and Factors Associated to Mortality and Hospitalization during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Pulmonary ultrasound is a non-invasive bedside resource that has showed to be useful for the assessment of patients presenting with respiratory insufficiency as well as the diagnosis of several pleural and other pulmonary pathologies. The pulmonary ultrasound score (LUS) is a semi quantitative scale that measures the loss of pulmonary aeration cause by many pathologic conditions. Our primary objective was to describe factors associated to death and hospitalization in patients aged 16 or older that were admitted to the emergency department (ED) with signs or symptoms of COVID-19 infection through the diagnosis of viral pneumonia with pulmonary ultrasound (PU). It was a cohort retrospective study through a one-year period. Emergency physicians performed lung ultrasounds and calculated LUS. Results: 672 patients suspected of COVID-19 infection with a PU finding of viral pneumonia were included. 495 patients had a positive COVID-19 PCR test, 73.6% of the population. 258 patients presented with high probability of COVID-19 pneumonia following the patterns in PU. 55% were male with a median age of 45 years old. The average LUS score at admission was 8. Global hospitalization rate was 51.5%, 7.5% were admitted to the ICU. Patients with a LUS > 10 had a mortality of 6%, and patients admitted to the ICU had a 50% mortality rate. They presented with an average LUS score at admission of 15.2. Conclusions: LUS was a good predictor of death, hospitalization to general ward or ICU of patients with COVID-19 admitted from the emergency department.

Comparison of Bishop score and cervical length measurement through transvaginal ultrasound as prediction against labor induction

Objective:To compare the Bishop score and cervical length measured by transvaginal ultrasound concerned with prediction over the success of labor induction.Methods:This cross-sectional observational analytical study was conducted from May 2017 to October 2017 at several teaching hospitals of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin University of Makassar, India. There were 110 samples of pregnant women undergoing labor induction process including 79 samples of successful induction and 31 samples of induction failure. The data analysis used Pearson Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression to see the effect of Bishop score and measurement of cervical length with successful induction of labor.Results: Number of samples with successful labor induction with Bishop score <3 was 25 (31.6%) and Bishop score≥3 was 54 (68.4%), with rate ratio=3.714 andP=0.000. With measurement of cervical length (cut-off point 2.98 cm), number of samples with successful labor induction with cervical length≤2.98 cm was 12 (15.2%) and cervical length >2.98 cm was 67 (84.8%), with rate ratio=3.124 andP=0.000. Multivahate analysis of logistic regression was found to be more influential in the predicted success of labor induction (P=0.014 with Bishop score <3, odds ratio=1.000 and Bishop score≥3, odds ratio=3.779. Conclusions: Bishop score is better in predicting the success of labor induction compared to the measurement of cervical length through transvaginal ultrasound.

Assessing gestational age of babies: Performance of obstetric ultrasound scan compared to that from the combination of Naegle’s rule and Dubowitz score in the 21st century

Background: Some researchers have suggested that when Naegle’s rule (NR) and Dubowitz score (DS) are combined, it could out-perform obstetric ultrasound scan (USS). Others still believe that obstetric USS alone is still effective relative to the combination of NR rule and DS in assessing the gestational age (GA) of babies. Objectives: To determine and compare the GA of babies using obstetric USS, NR and DS;and to provide relevant public health information on obstetric USS in the 21st century. Methods: Subjects were selected using systematic random sampling and the GA of babies was determined using obstetric USS, NR, and DS. Statistical package for social science (SPSS) statistical software version 16, Illinois, Chicago USA was used for all data analysis. Results: Eightyfive mother-baby pairs were studied. Forty-four babies (52%) were males and 41 (48%) females. Sixty four (75%) were term with a mean (SD) BW of 3.02 (0.59) at 95%CI (2.89 -?3.14) kg. The overall mean GA of the babies was 38.49 (2.89) at 95%CI (38.14 -?38.85) weeks. The mean GA using obstetric USS, NR and DS were 38.52 (1.98) at 95%CI (38.14 -?38.99), 38.09 (4.13) at 95%CI (37.20-?38.99) and 38.82 (2.02) at 95%CI (38.39 -?39.26), but comparison of these means was not significant (p = 0.256). Combined mean GA by NR and DS was 38.46 (3.26) at 95%CI (37.96 -?38.95). Comparing this mean with mean GA obtained by obstetric USS was also not significant (p = 0.885). Conclusion: The GA assessments by Obstetric USS, NR and DS were all reliable, and Obstetric USS performed effectively relative to combined NR and DS.

Research on Fast Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment Method for High Temperature and High Pressure Gas Wells

Aiming at the problem that the existing risk assessment methods in China cannot simply and accurately assess the safety risk of gas wells, a rapid semi-quantitative risk assessment method for gas wells under high temperature and pressure is studied. Based on the rapid risk assessment method of annulus well with pressure in Chevron Company and the existing risk assessment methods, the well barrier and annulus pressure of high temperature and high pressure gas wells are fully considered. A rapid semi-quantitative risk assessment method for high temperature and high pressure gas wells is established, which takes the annulus pressure value, well service life, annulus pressure recovery after pressure relief, reservoir conditions (formation pressure, production) and well CO2 and H2S content as the key risk indexes. The method is applied in a gas field, and the risk value and risk grade of a practical well are semi-quantitatively evaluated. The overall risk situation of the well is obtained. The research results provide important technical guidance for the safe production of gas well.

Comparison of Transrectal Prostate Digital and Ultrasound-Guided Core Biopsies in 400 Men in a Low-and-Middle Income Country

Background: The diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) relies on clinical assessment with digital rectal examination, serum PSA and histological examination. Limitations in our technical facilities, high financial cost of ultrasound-guided biopsy often prevent us from implementing the guidelines on the practice of prostate biopsy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective and cross-sectional descriptive study comparing digital-guided and ultrasound-guided transrectal prostate biopsy of 400 patients over a period of 12 years in the Yaounde Central Hospital. We reviewed files of patients who underwent digital and ultrasound guided biopsy procedures. Data was analyzed using EPI info 7.0. Parametric variables were reported as means and standard deviations and percentages and counts were used to report categorical variables. Results: Out of the 400 patients, 292 digital-guided transrectal biopsies (73%) and 108 ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsies (27%) were performed in patients who were suspected of having prostate cancer (PCa). Patients were aged between 39 to 90 years. Both procedures were effective in identifying prostate cancer. Gleason score between 2 to 10 detected prostate adenocarcinoma for 301 patients (75.2%). The complications included anal pain, rectal bleeding, hematuria and urinary tract infections, with an occurrence rate similar for both ultrasound-guided (2.25%) and digitally-guided techniques (2.5%). Seven patients (1.75%) required hospitalization for management of complications. The mortality rate was null. Conclusion: Both techniques are effective in detecting PCa with the similar complication rates. Digital-guided trans-rectal prostate biopsy still has its place in a resource-limited setting like ours.

Role of Lung Ultrasound in the Assessment of Hydration Status of Chronic Haemodialysis Patients

Background: Fluid overload is frequent in Haemodialysis (HD) and is one of the major factors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality for chronic HD patients. The main challenge with chronic haemodialysis patients is indeed the maintenance of a normal extracellular volume through dry weight determination. Our study aimed at assessing the role of lung ultrasound in the detection of B-lines for the determination of hydration status in chronic HD patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 31 patients undergoing chronic HD treatment for at least 3 months, in the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital dialysis unit. Lung ultrasonography and clinical examinations were performed immediately before dialysis, and 30 minutes after dialysis. Differences between clinical and ultrasound variables before and after dialysis were measured to assess the effects of dialysis. Association between categorical variables was assessed with the Chi-squared test or Fischer test, and Rho’s Spearman coefficient for quantitative variables. Results: There was a reduction in the median of B-lines score after dialysis [12 (7 - 26) versus 8 (5 - 13)], clinical score [2 (1 - 3) versus 0 (-1 - 2)], mean of systolic blood pressure (164.74 ± 26.50 versus 158.48 ± 27.89), frequency of dyspnoea in patients (32.3% versus 6.5%);and raising of the frequency of cramps in patients (0% versus 19.4%) and all statistically significant (p ≤ 0.031). B-lines score before and after dialysis was associated with dyspnoea and raised jugular venous pressure (p Conclusion: Lung ultrasound for the detection of B-lines reflects the variation of extracellular volume during dialysis and can even capture pulmonary oedema at a pre-clinical stage. It is then a reliable and sensible method for assessing extravascular lung water and thus hydration status of haemodialysis patients. It could constitute a better alternative for an objective and accurate definition of dry weight, specifically in the African and Cameroonian context, with its assets being low cost, availability, and easiness to perform in a large population of HD patients. We, therefore, recommend further multicentric studies in order to design a standardized protocol of ultrasound follow-up for all chronic HD patients’ hydration status assessments.

Point-of-care ultrasound in diagnosis and management of congestive nephropathy

Congestive nephropathy is kidney dysfunction caused by the impact of elevated venous pressures on renal hemodynamics.As a part of cardiorenal syndrome,the diagnosis is usually made based on history and physical examination,with findings such as jugular venous distension,a third heart sound,and vital signs as supporting findings.More recently,however,these once though objective measures have come under scrutiny for their accuracy.At the same time,bedside ultrasound has increased in popularity and is routinely being used by clinicians to take some of the guess work out of making the diagnosis of volume overload and venous congestion.In this mini-review,we will discuss some of the traditional methods used to measure venous congestion,describe the role of point-of-care ultrasound and how it can ameliorate a clinician’s evaluation,and offer a description of venous excess ultrasound score,a relatively novel scoring technique used to objectively quantify congestion.While there is a paucity of published large scale clinical trials evaluating the potential benefit of ultrasonography in venous congestion compared to gold standard invasive measurements,more study is underway to solidify the role of this objective measure in daily clinical practice.

床旁超声联合镇静躁动评分对ICU机械通气患者撤机的指导作用

目的:分析床旁超声联合镇静躁动评分对ICU机械通气患者撤机的指导作用。方法:选取2022年4月—2023年3月东莞市黄江医院收治的52例ICU机械通气患者。随机将其分为对照组和观察组,各26例。对照组根据常规方式进行撤机,观察组根据床旁超声联合镇静躁动评分进行撤机。比较两组撤机成功率,临床指标,不良事件。结果:观察组撤机成功率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组机械通气时间、ICU住院时间均短于对照组,死亡率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良事件发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:床旁超声联合镇静躁动评分在ICU机械通气患者撤机中的指导作用突出,能够保证撤机成功率,降低死亡率,缩短机械通气时间和ICU住院时间,降低不良事件发生率。

宫颈成熟度评估及促宫颈成熟方法的研究进展

随着社会发展和我国生育政策的改变,高危妊娠的比例逐渐增加,这也导致医学原因所致的引产增多,而宫颈成熟是引产成功的关键。因此,准确评估并有效促进宫颈成熟已成为临床研究的焦点。目前关于宫颈成熟度的评估主要采用宫颈评分和超声测量,宫颈Bishop′s评分具有一定主观性,联合超声测量可增加评估的客观性,但仍应完善超声敏感指标,提高超声测量技术。促宫颈成熟的方法主要包括药物法和机械法,两者成功率均不高,且药物法存在子宫过度刺激的风险,机械法则具有母胎感染的风险。因此,未来进一步完善宫颈成熟度评估及促宫颈成熟的方法,可以为疾病的治疗提供新思路。

正常胎儿脐静脉血流量Z评分模型的构建及其对小于胎龄儿围生期不良结局的预测价值

目的构建正常胎儿脐静脉血流量(Quv)Z评分模型,并探讨该模型对小于胎龄儿(SGA)围生期不良结局的预测价值。方法(1)纳入862例18~40周正常胎儿建立模型。以腹部超声测量的腹内段Quv作为因变量,孕周为自变量,采用回归分析获得Quv均数及标准差的最佳拟合方程后,根据公式[Z评分=(实际Quv测值-拟合Quv均值)/拟合Quv标准差]建立正常胎儿Quv Z评分模型。(2)另纳入53例正常胎儿(正常组)和109例SGA,并根据围生期有无不良结局将SGA分为不良结局组(n=50)、无不良结局组(n=59)。利用所建立的模型获得3组的胎儿Quv Z评分。通过绘制受试者工作特征曲线分析正常胎儿Quv Z评分预测SGA围生期不良结局的效能。结果(1)正常胎儿的Quv与孕周呈正相关(P<0.05),Quv的均数及标准差相对孕周的最佳拟合方程均为线性方程。根据公式获得正常胎儿Quv Z评分模型:Z评分=(Quv+346.069-20.754×孕周)(/-51.320+4.075×孕周)。正常组胎儿Quv的Z评分呈正态分布,且不随孕周而改变。(2)不良结局组、无不良结局组、正常组的胎儿Quv Z评分依次增加(P<0.05)。(3)正常胎儿Quv Z评分预测SGA围生期不良结局的曲线下面积为0.843,基于最佳截断值-2.06的预测敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为74.0%、86.4%、82.2%、76.4%。结论所建立的正常胎儿Quv Z评分模型可消除孕周的影响,具有较好的临床适用性。正常胎儿Quv Z评分是预测SGA围生期不良结局较敏感的指标。

超声弹性评分联合血清甲状腺球蛋白水平对老年甲状腺癌患者治疗预后的预测价值

目的分析超声弹性评分与血清甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)水平联合预测老年甲状腺癌(TC)患者治疗预后的效用。方法选取76例老年TC患者,术前均行超声检查,并行超声弹性评分。于术后1年测定患者血清的Tg水平,分析不同临床病理特征的超声弹性评分与血清Tg水平;同时绘制受试者工作曲线(ROC),分析超声弹性评分、血清Tg水平单独与联合预测老年TC患者术后淋巴结转移的效能;另对比不同超声弹性评分与血清Tg水平患者无进展生存期。结果术后发生淋巴结转移患者术前超声弹性评分高于无淋巴结转移者,术后发生淋巴结转移患者术后1年的血清Tg水平高于无淋巴结转移者,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。ROC结果显示:超声弹性评分、血清Tg水平联合检测预测老年TC患者术后淋巴结转移的曲线下面积(AUC),高于两种方法单独检测。超声弹性评分<3.5分与血清Tg水平<24.995μg老年TC患者的无进展生存期高于超声弹性评分≥3.5分与血清Tg水平≥24.995μg的患者,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论超声弹性评分联合血清Tg水平可预测老年TC患者治疗预后。

超声引导腰方肌阻滞技术在腹腔镜全子宫切除术中的应用

目的 探讨超声引导腰方肌阻滞技术在腹腔镜全子宫切除术中的应用效果。方法 选择2022年1月至2023年6月在寿光市人民医院实施全身麻醉气管插管下腹腔镜全子宫切除术的80例患者,按照随机数字表法分为两组,各40例。对照组采取气管插管全身麻醉,观察组在对照组基础上于全身麻醉诱导前实施超声引导腰方肌阻滞术。比较两组术后12h疼痛评分及血清P物质水平、并发症发生情况、镇痛泵按压次数、单次追加镇痛药物次数。结果 观察组术后12h疼痛评分、血清P物质水平低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组麻醉复苏阶段并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组镇痛泵按压次数及单次追加镇痛药物次数少于对照组(P <0.05)。结论 超声引导腰方肌阻滞技术在腹腔镜全子宫切除术中的应用效果较好,能够减轻术后疼痛,降低并发症发生率,减少镇痛泵按压次数及单次追加镇痛药物次数。

改良BLUE方案肺超声评分在机械通气患者中的应用价值

目的比较改良BLUE方案肺超声评分与传统区域评分法在机械通气患者中的应用优劣,探讨改良BLUE方案与序贯器官衰竭评估(SOFA)评分、氧合指数(OI)的相关性及其对机械通气患者预后评估的价值。方法选择南通大学第二附属医院急诊医学科行机械通气的危重症患者66例,其中男性45例,女性21例;年龄35~95岁,平均年龄72.11岁;病程2~37 d,平均病程12.03 d;疾病类型:肺炎、感染性休克等感染相关19例,心力衰竭16例,慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作呼吸衰竭15例,心肺复苏后11例,间质性肺炎2例,中毒2例,外伤1例。根据患者的转归情况(28 d生存或死亡)分为好转组28例与死亡组38例。分别使用改良BLUE方案、4分区、6分区、8分区及12分区评分方法对患者进行肺部超声检查,以12分区评分为对照,分别比较改良BLUE方案、4分区、6分区、8分区超声评分与12分区评分结果的相关性。记录各检查方案检查时间,比较各评分法耗时差异。分析改良BLUE方案与SOFA评分和OI的相关性。比较两组改良BLUE方案肺超声评分差异。结果在机械通气患者中,改良BLUE方案、4分区、6分区、8分区超声评分结果,均与12分区法评分结果呈正相关(r=0.98、0.94、0.96、0.95,P均<0.05),其中改良BLUE方案肺超声评分与12分区评分相关性最高。改良BLUE方案、4分区、6分区、8分区及12分区肺超声检查操作时间分别为(5.86±0.76)min、(4.86±0.71)min、(6.79±0.88)min、(8.18±1.02)min、(11.79±1.45)min,改良BLUE方案较6分区、8分区及12分区操作时间短(P均<0.05)。改良BLUE方案肺超声评分与OI呈负相关,与SOFA评分呈正相关(r=-0.42、0.25)。好转组与死亡组改良BLUE方案肺超声评分平均值分别为(12.04±5.87)分、(15.79±5.94)分。好转组改良BLUE方案肺超声评分明显低于死亡组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在机械通气危重症患者中,使用改良BLUE方案肺超声评分具有准确度高、耗时短的优势,更适宜在急诊环境中对机械通气危重症患者进行快速病情评估。改良BLUE方案肺超声评分对机械通气患者病情严重程度及预后有一定指导价值。

肺超声评分对晚期早产儿并发呼吸窘迫综合征应用机械通气及肺表面活性物质的预测价值

目的:探讨使用肺超声评分(LUS)对晚期早产儿并发呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)应用机械通气(MV)和肺表面活性物质(PS)的预测价值。方法:选择并发RDS的晚期早产儿(胎龄34^(0/7)~36^(6/7)周)进行前瞻性分析,共纳入67例并发RDS的晚期早产儿。根据患儿生后48 h内是否需要应用MV和PS,分为MV组(n=36)、非MV组(n=31)、PS组(n=30)和非PS组(n=37)。各组患儿在入院后2 h和应用PS前进行肺超声检查,并分别计算6分区、10分区和12分区LUS。绘制不同分区LUS预测晚期早产儿并发RDS应用MV和PS的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,采用Delong检验比较不同分区方法的预测价值。结果:与非PS组比较,PS组患儿出生体质量、LUS、呼气末正压(PEEP)、平均气道压(MAP)、MAP×吸入氧浓度(FiO_(2))/动脉血分压(PaO_(2))比值、呼吸机使用时间和住院时间均升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)比值降低(P<0.01)。与非MV组比较,MV组患儿出生体质量、LUS、PEEP、MAP、MAP×FiO_(2)/PaO_(2)值、呼吸机使用时间和住院时间均升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)比值降低(P<0.01)。6分区LUS测PS应用时,PEEP、MAP和LUS是晚期早产儿并发RDS应用PS的危险因素[比值比(OR)>1,P<0.05]。10分区和12分区LUS预测PS应用时,MAP×FiO_(2)/PaO_(2)比值和LUS是晚期早产儿并发RDS应用PS的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。6分区、10分区和12分区LUS预测MV应用时,MAP和LUS是晚期早产儿并发RDS应用MV的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。6分区、10分区和12分区LUS预测晚期早产儿并发RDS的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.909、 0.904和0.915,均具有较好的预测价值;使用6分区、10分区和12分区LUS预测晚期早产儿并发RDS应用MV的AUC分别为0.868、0.872和0.887,均具有较好的预测价值。结论:LUS可有效预测晚期早产儿并发RDS是否需要应用MV和PS,MAP联合LUS可以提高单独使用LUS预测应用MV的能力。

急性期新型冠状病毒感染的肺部床旁超声特征及其与临床指标相关性的研究

目的分析急性期新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)的肺部床旁超声特征,探讨肺部床旁超声半定量评分(LUS)与临床指标的相关性。方法选取川北医学院附属医院收治入院的急性期COVID-19患者30例,采用BLUE-PLUS方案对患者行肺部顺序扫查,行床旁超声半定量评分;并收集患者的二氧化碳分压、阴离子间隙、PH值、标准碳酸氢根、氧分压、淋巴细胞百分比(LYM%)、淋巴细胞绝对值(LYM#)、临床分型、住院时间等临床指标,比较急性期COVID-19不同临床分型患者的LUS,分析LUS与临床指标的相关性。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析LUS用于普通型与(危)重型分型的效能。结果30例急性期COVID-19患者中,双侧均至少有一个肺点受累者29例(96.7%),单侧至少有一个肺点受累者1例(3.3%),15例患者出现至少一个肺点的肺实变大小>1 cm。行左、右肺相同肺点得分比较,左、右肺总得分之间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);行不同临床分型患者各肺点得分之间比较:普通型与危重型患者的左肺总得分、右肺总得分及全肺总得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。全肺总得分诊断普通型与(危)重型分型的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.870。左肺总得分、右肺总得分、全肺总得分与LYM%、LYM#、阴离子间隙无相关性(P>0.05),与临床分型、住院时间呈正相关,与标准碳酸氢根呈负相关(P<0.05);左肺总得分、全肺总得分与PH值、氧分压呈负相关,与二氧化碳分压呈正相关(P<0.05),右肺总得分与PH值、二氧化碳分压、氧分压无相关性(P>0.05)。结论急性期COVID-19不同临床分型患者的床旁超声特征具有差异性,LUS与PH值、二氧化碳分压、标准碳酸氢根、氧分压、临床分型、住院时间存在相关性,危重型患者LUS得分较高;肺部床旁超声有望用于急性期COVID-19患者的临床分型及病情评估。

肺动态顺应性指导个体化PEEP滴定对颅面重建术患儿术后肺不张的影响

目的探讨肺动态顺应性(Cdyn)指导个体化PEEP滴定对颅面重建术患儿术后肺不张的影响。方法选择全麻下行颅面重建术患儿80例,男52例,女28例,年龄≤1岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,麻醉时间≥2 h。采用随机数字表法将患儿分为两组:Cdyn导向个体化PEEP组(I组)和固定PEEP组(P组),每组40例。I组在插管后5 min肺部超声评分(LUS)后进行PEEP滴定,Cdyn最高值对应的PEEP为个体化PEEP;P组PEEP固定为6 cmH_(2)O。记录插管后5 min和手术结束时胸膜旁实变评分、B线评分、LUS总评分和肺不张发生情况。记录插管后5 min和PEEP建立后Cdyn、气道峰压(Ppeak)、HR、MAP。记录插管后5 min和手术结束时氧合指数(OI)和术后72 h肺部并发症的发生情况。结果I组滴定过程中Cdyn最高值时对应个体化PEEP滴定值中位数为9 cmH_(2)O。与插管后5 min比较,两组手术结束时胸膜旁实变总评分、后胸部胸膜旁实变评分、B线总评分和前、侧、后胸部B线评分、LUS总评分均明显降低(P<0.05)。与P组比较,I组手术结束时胸膜旁实变评分、后胸部胸膜旁实变总评分、B线总评分、后胸部B线评分、LUS总评分、肺不张发生率明显降低(P<0.05),I组PEEP建立后Cdyn和Ppeak明显升高(P<0.05),手术结束时OI明显升高(P<0.05),术后72 h肺部并发症总发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。结论术中应用Cdyn指导个体化PEEP滴定能有效降低颅面重建术患儿手术结束时LUS评分和肺不张发生率,改善氧合功能,降低术后肺部并发症发生率。

多模态超声校正BI-RADS 4类乳腺肿块的价值

目的 探讨乳腺自动容积成像(ABVS)、超声弹性评分(UES)及两者联合在校正乳腺影像报告和数据系统分级(BI-RADS) 4类乳腺肿块BI-RADS分级中的应用价值。方法 收集我院经常规超声诊断为BI-RADS 4类的乳腺肿块患者109例,共113个肿块。经ABVS及UES校正BI-RADS分级后,与病理结果对比,绘制ROC曲线,比较常规超声、ABVS、UES、ABVS联合UES诊断BI-RADS 4类乳腺肿块的差异。结果 109例患者113个肿块中包含良性78个,恶性35个,ABVS联合UES校正后的敏感度、特异性、准确性、ROC曲线下面积分别为94.29%、93.59%、93.80%、0.975。结论 ABVS联合UES有助于提高BI-RADS 4类肿块的总体诊断效能。两者联合诊断可以取长补短,提高诊断率。

基于超声血流参数评估晚发型胎儿宫内生长受限的研究

目的分析超声血流参数对晚发型胎儿宫内生长受限(FGR)的预测价值。方法选取2020年6月至2022年6月青海大学附属医院收治的82例晚发型FGR孕产妇作为研究对象。根据新生儿妊娠结局分为结局良好组(51例)与结局不良组(31例)。另选取同期在青海大学附属医院产检且胎儿生长正常的32例孕产妇作为对照组。比较3组基线资料及分娩前最后1次超声的大脑中动脉搏动指数(MCA-PI)、脐动脉搏动指数(UA-PI)、脑-胎盘血流比(CPR)、心血管整体评分(CVPS)、Hadlock胎儿体质量估测(EFW),绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估上述超声血流参数对晚发型FGR孕产妇不良妊娠结局的预测价值。结果结局不良组新生儿出生体质量均低于结局良好组及对照组,且结局良好组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结局不良组分娩孕周短于对照组和结局良好组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结局不良组MCA-PI、CPR、CVPS、EFW均低于结局良好组及对照组,且结局良好组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结局不良组UA-PI高于结局良好组及对照组,且结局良好组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,MCA-PI、UA-PI、CPR、CVPS、EFW单独预测晚发型FGR孕产妇不良妊娠结局的曲线下面积分别为0.667、0.792、0.762、0.820、0.917。结论超声血流参数MCA-PI、UA-PI、CPR、CVPS、EFW均对晚发型FGR孕产妇不良妊娠结局有一定预测价值,其中CVPS及EFW预测价值较高,可为临床治疗及判断分娩时机提供重要依据。