Assessing the Impact of General Anesthesia and Bronchial Intubation in Conjunction with Thoracic Paravertebral Nerve Block on Cellular Immunity and Surgical Management in Tuberculous Pyothorax Patients

Objective:This study aims to investigate the impact of combining general anesthesia with bronchial intubation and thoracic paravertebral nerve block during surgery for patients with tuberculous pyothorax.Methods:Eighty patients diagnosed with tuberculous pyothorax,admitted to the hospital between January 2023 and September 2023,were randomly selected for this study.The patients were divided into control and study groups using a numerical table method.The control group underwent general anesthesia with bronchial intubation,while the study group received general anesthesia with bronchial intubation in conjunction with thoracic paravertebral nerve block.Subsequently,the patients were monitored to assess mean arterial pressure,heart rate variations,and adverse reactions to anesthesia.Results:The study group exhibited significantly lower mean arterial pressure and heart rate levels during the post-surgical incision,immediate end of surgery,and immediate extubation periods compared to the control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the Ricker and Ramsay scores in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combined use of general anesthesia via bronchial intubation and thoracic paravertebral nerve block has been found to stabilize mean arterial pressure and heart rate while providing effective sedation for surgical treatment in patients with tuberculous septic thorax.

Ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia on the stress response and hemodynamics among lung cancer patients

BACKGROUND Thoracic surgery for radical resection of lung tumor requires deep anesthesia which can lead to an adverse inflammatory response,loss of hemodynamic stability,and decreased immune function.Herein,we evaluated the feasibility and benefits of ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia,in combination with general anesthesia,for thoracic surgery for lung cancer.The block was performed by diffusion of anesthetic drugs along the paravertebral space to achieve unilateral multi-segment intercostal nerve and dorsal branch nerve block.AIM To evaluate the application of ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia for lung cancer surgery to inform practice.METHODS The analysis was based on 140 patients who underwent thoracic surgery for lung cancer at our hospital between January 2018 and May 2020.Patients were randomly allocated to the peripheral+general anesthesia(observation)group(n=74)or to the general anesthesia(control)group(n=66).Patients in the observation group received ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia combined with general anesthesia,with those in the control group receiving an epidural block combined with general anesthesia.Measured outcomes included the operative and anesthesia times,as well as the mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),and blood oxygen saturation(SpO;)measured before surgery,15 min after anesthesia(T1),after intubation,5 min after skin incision,and before extubation(T4).RESULTS The dose of intra-operative use of remifentanil and propofol and the postoperative use of sufentanil was lower in the observation group(1.48±0.43 mg,760.50±92.28 mg,and 72.50±16.62 mg,respectively)than control group(P<0.05).At the four time points of measurement(T1 through T4),MAP and HR values were higher in the observation than control group(MAP,90.20±9.15 mmHg,85.50±7.22 mmHg,88.59±8.15 mmHg,and 90.02±10.02 mmHg,respectively;and HR,72.39±8.22 beats/min,69.03±9.03 beats/min,70.12±8.11 beats/min,and 71.24±9.01 beats/min,respectively;P<0.05).There was no difference in SpO;between the two groups(P>0.05).Postoperative levels of epinephrine,norepinephrine,and dopamine used were significantly lower in the observation than control group(210.20±40.41 pg/mL,230.30±65.58 pg/mL,and 54.49±13.32 pg/mL,respectively;P<0.05).Similarly,the postoperative tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-6 levels were lower in the observation(2.43±0.44 pg/mL and 170.03±35.54 pg/mL,respectively)than control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia improved the stress and hemodynamic response in patients undergoing thoracic surgery for lung cancer,with no increase in the rate of adverse events.

Effects of dexmedetomidine combined with ultrasound-guided nerve block on hemodynamics, immune function and cortisol levels in patients undergoing inguinal surgery

Objective:To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with ultrasound guided nerve block on the hemodynamics, immune function and cortisol level in the patients undergoing inguinal surgery.Methods:A total of 120 patients who underwent unilateral inguinal surgery in our hospital were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 60 cases in each group. The control group was induced by intravenous anesthesia with sufentanil. The observation group was given dexmedetomidine combined with ultrasound guided ilioinguinal/iliac hypogastric nerve block. Hemodynamics, immune function and cortisol levels were compared between the two groups before and after anesthesia induction. Results:After anesthesia, in surgical incision and recovery time, the levels of HR in the two groups were significantly lower than that before the anesthesia, and the levels of HR in the observation group were significantly lower than that in the control group. After anesthesia, in surgical incision and recovery time, the levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the control group were significantly lower than that of the group before anesthesia. After anesthesia, the levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group were significantly lower than that of the group before anesthesia. In surgical incision and recovery time, there was no significant difference in the levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group before anesthesia. After anesthesia, in surgical incision and recovery time, the levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group were significantly higher than that of the control group. The levels of serum PI3K, ET -1, CRP and cortisol of the two groups were significantly higher than those before anesthesia, and the levels of PI3K, ET -1, CRP and cortisol in the serum of the patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group.Conclusion: The effect of dexmedetomidin combined with ultrasound guided nerve block anesthesia on the patients with inguinal surgery can effectively maintain the hemodynamic stability of the patients and have less influence on the immune function and the stress response. The security is higher.

Effects of ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia on the secretion of pain-related mediators after modified radical mastectomy

Objective: To investigate the effects of ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia on the secretion of pain-related mediators after modified radical mastectomy. Methods: A total of 108 patients with breast cancer who were treated with modified radical mastectomy in this hospital between July 2015 and February 2017 were divided into the control group (n=54) and paravertebral block group (n=54) by random number table. Control group received routine general anesthesia, and paravertebral block group received ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia. The differences in serum levels of pain mediators, inflammatory factors and stress hormones were compared between the two groups of patients immediately after surgery (T0), 6h after surgery (T1), 12h after surgery (T2) and 24h after surgery (T3). Results: At T0, there was no statistically significant difference in serum levels of pain mediators, inflammatory factors and stress hormones between the two groups. At T1, T2 and T3, serum pain mediators NPY, PGE2 and 5-HT levels of paravertebral block group were lower than those of control group;serum inflammatory factors IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 levels were lower than those of control group;serum stress hormones ACTH, Cor, AngⅠ and AngⅡ levels were lower than those of control group. Conclusion: ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia can effectively reduce the release of pain mediators and relieve the systemic inflammatory stress response after modified radical mastectomy.

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ultrasound-guided lower extremity nerve block for elderly hip arthroplasty

Objective:To study the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ultrasound-guided lower extremity nerve block for elderly hip arthroplasty.Methods: A total of 99 elderly patients with femoral neck fractures who underwent hip arthroplasty in our hospital between January 2017 and March 2018 were selected, and the anesthetic solutions were reviewed and used to divide the enrolled patients into the control group (n=51) who accepted conventional general anesthesia and the nerve block group (n=48) who accepted ultrasound-guided lower extremity nerve block anesthesia. The differences in the serum levels of pain mediators, inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress indexes were compared between the two groups immediately after surgery (T0), 12 h after surgery (T1) and 24 h after surgery (T2).Results: At T0, serum levels of pain mediators, inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress indexes were not significantly different between the two groups. At T1 and T2, serum pain mediators PGF2a, SP and NPY levels of nerve block group were lower than those of control group;serum inflammatory mediators IL-1β, TNF-α and hs-CRP levels were lower than those of control group;serum oxidative stress indexes T-AOC and SOD levels were higher than those of control group whereas MDA and LHP levels were lower than those of control group.Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided lower limb nerve block for elderly hip arthroplasty has exact analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Features and Principles the Spread of Local Anesthetic Blockade of the Sciatic Nerve at Depends on the Amount of Anesthetic

Aim: To study the features of local anesthetic solution spreading during sciatic nerve block in dependence on the anesthetic solution volume. Material and Methods: One hundred and sixty nine cases of sciatic nerve blocks done under ultrasonic visualization control were analyzed. Sciatic nerve blocks were performed by lidocaine in volumes 30;25;20;15;12.5;10;7.5;6.5;5;4.5 ml. The cross-section area, equal to local anesthetic spreading, was determined;the extension of the anesthetic solution spreading along sciatic nerve was calculated. Results: The anesthetic agent solution spreads along sciatic nerve in proximal and distal direction, forming a kind of cylinder. The minimum volume of the local anesthetic, which covers sciatic nerve in the whole, is 5 ml. A rare (1.77%) variation of sciatic nerve structure was described, in which tibial and common peroneal nerves develop directly from the branches of sacral plexus. Conclusion: The decrease of the local anesthetic volume leads to reduction of its spreading distance and cross-section area. Ultrasonic visualization can provide for sciatic nerve anatomical peculiarities, which can have an effect on the block quality.

Combined Sciatic, Femoral, and Obturator Nerve Blocks for Ankle Surgery in a Patient with Severe Pulmonary Hypertension—A Case Report

We report a patient with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) undergoing tibio-talo-calcaneal fusion due to Charcot joint. Despite the advancement in the management of PAH, the risks of anesthesia, surgery, and postoperative morbidity and mortality still remain high. A 46-year-old female was presented with severe PAH and end stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis three times a week. Ultrasound-guided sciatic, femoral, and obturator nerve blocks were performed with 0.5% levobupivacaine 15 ml, 10 ml, and 5 ml, respectively. All the blocks were successful, and the patient underwent uneventful anesthesia and surgery. In addition, the postoperative pain control lasted for 15 h and the patient was discharged on POD 5 without any complications. Therefore, ultrasound-guided sciatic, femoral, and obturator nerve blocks are valuable alternative to the general or neuraxial anesthesia in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension.

Regional Block Anesthesia in Breast Surgery: What Do We Know So Far?

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide, and pain following mastectomy is a major post-surgical complication. This paper highlights the risk factors for chronic pain in breast surgery and evaluates various regional block techniques used to reduce post-operative pain, and minimize hospital stays in high-risk patients. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of novel regional anaesthesia techniques in an enhanced recovery context, and to assess their role in preventing or reducing chronic pain.

Clinical effect of acupuncture along fascia,meridians,and nerves combined with ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia:a randomized parallel-controlled study

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture along fascia,meridians,and nerves combined with ultrasound-guided nerve blockage in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia.METHODS:A total of 61 outpatients with post-chest and back herpes zoster neuralgia were recruited in the Department of Pain at the Xiyuan Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from May 2019 to June 2021.They were randomly divided into two groups.Thirty-one patients in the control group were treated with ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral nerve block(PVB)alone,one patient declined to continue during treatment(n=30),and thirty patients in the observation group received the acupuncture along the fascia,meridians,and nerves combined with ultrasound-guided PVB treatment(n=30).Both control and observation group received treatment weekly for 4 weeks.The medical history data such as age,sex,presence or absence of comorbidities and disease course were analyzed.The visual analog scale(VAS)score was used to assess the pain degree of two groups at T0(before treatment),T1(1-time treatment ended),T2(2 times treatment ended),T3(3 times treatment ended),and T4(4 times treatment ended).The sleep state was examined by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)before and after the study.RESULTS:There was no significant difference in general conditions between the control group and the observation group(P>0.05).The VAS score in both control and observation group was decreased in a time-dependent manner after 1-4 weeks of treatment.There were no significant differences in VAS scores between the two groups after 1 or 2 weeks of treatment(P>0.05).After 3 and 4 weeks of treatment,the VAS score was significantly decreased in the observation group compared with that in the control group(P<0.001).In addition,the reduction in VAS score(after treatment-before treatment)between the two groups was statistically significant[D value:-1.53,95%CI(-2.32,0.74),P<0.001].Furthermore,the sleep state of patients in both groups markedly improved and much obvious in the observation group than that in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:These results suggest that a combination of acupuncture along fascia,meridians,and nerves with ultrasound-guided PVB treatment is more effective than ultrasound-guided PVB treatment alone.

Focused Review: Efficacy of the Rector Spinae Plane Block

Since the original publication on the erector spinae plane (ESP) block in 2016, the technique of the ESP block has evolved significantly in the last few years. This review highlights recent developments in the technique for administering the ESP block and proposes directions for future research. Continuous efforts are being aimed at improving understanding regarding the administration of the ESP block. Current reports suggest that the ESP block provides effective analgesia in thoracic and abdominal sites in patients of all ages. However, no cohort studies or randomized controlled trials were performed in 2016 and 2017. The ESP block is an effective analgesic tool in a wide range of sites. However. We are uncertain how effective the ESP block is compared to other types of regional anesthesia. Therefore, more research on ESP blocks is required.

双侧胸椎旁神经阻滞在老年患者胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的 评价双侧胸椎旁神经阻滞联合全麻在老年患者胰十二指肠切除术中的作用。方法 选取河南省肿瘤医院2021年2月至2022年9月择期行开腹胰十二指肠切除术的老年患者80例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为全麻组(G组)和胸椎旁神经阻滞组(TG组),每组40例,G组进行单纯全身麻醉,TG组进行全身麻醉联合双侧胸椎旁神经阻滞。术后采用右美托咪啶、氟比洛芬酯和舒芬太尼行静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)。分别于麻醉诱导后(T_(0))、手术开始后30 min时(T_1)、手术结束后1、6 h(T_(2)、T_(3))采集患者静脉血样检测血浆去甲肾上腺素浓度。记录术后2 d舒芬太尼用量、患者PCIA次数、补救镇痛次数及术后肛门恢复排气时间。记录神经阻滞和术后镇痛期间不良反应的发生情况。结果 TG组术后2 d内舒芬太尼总用量、PCIA次数和曲马多镇痛补救率均低于G组(P<0.05);TG组T_(1~3)时血浆去甲肾上腺素浓度低于G组(P<0.05);TG组术后皮肤瘙痒、恶心、呕吐和术后烦躁等不良反应发生率低于G组(P<0.05);TG组患者术后肛门恢复排气时间短于G组(P<0.05);各组均无呼吸抑制发生。结论 围术期应用双侧胸椎旁神经阻滞可有效降低老年患者胰十二指肠切除术应激水平,减少阿片类药物使用剂量和术后恶心、呕吐和烦躁等严重不良反应的发生率,减轻患者术后疼痛,从而加速患者康复。

全身麻醉下胸横肌平面-胸神经阻滞在乳腺癌手术患者中的价值

目的:评价胸横肌平面-胸神经(transversus thoracic muscle plane-pectoral nerves,TTP-PECS)阻滞用于减阿片类药物全麻下乳腺癌改良根治术中的安全性与可行性。方法:选择择期行乳腺癌改良根治术的患者60例,随机分为TTP-PECS阻滞联合减阿片药物全麻组(TO组)和常规全身麻醉组(GA组),每组30例。观察并记录两组患者各时点收缩压、舒张压、心率;麻醉诱导前(T0)、插管前即刻(T1)、切皮时(T2)、切除乳腺标本时(T3)、手术结束时(T4)各时点安静及运动状态下的疼痛视觉模拟评分量表(visual analogue scale,VAS);术后24 h 40项恢复质量评分量表(quality of recovery-40,QoR-40)评分;围术期不良反应的发生率。结果:与T0比较,两组患者T1~T4时点收缩压、舒张压、心率均显著降低(P <0.05),但两组之间各时点收缩压、舒张压、心率比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);TO组术后2 h、6 h、12 h安静及运动状态下VAS评分均显著低于GA组(P <0.05);TO组术后24 h QoR-40量表总评分及情绪状态、身体舒适度、心理支持、疼痛各项评分均显著高于GA组(P <0.05);TO组患者诱导期咳嗽反射及术后恶心呕吐的发生率显著低于GA组(P <0.05)。结论:TTP-PECS阻滞联合羟考酮-丙泊酚减阿片药物全身麻醉可安全用于乳腺癌改良根治术中,术后镇痛效果确切,降低术后恶心呕吐发生率,并能提高患者早期恢复质量。

瑞马唑仑联合胸交感神经阻滞对心肌缺血再灌注大鼠的保护作用

[目的]探究瑞马唑仑(Re)联合胸交感神经阻滞(TSNB)对心肌缺血再灌注(MI/R)大鼠的保护作用。[方法]将大鼠随机分为对照组、MI/R组、Re组、TSNB组和Re+TSNB组,每组12只。除对照组外,其余大鼠采用冠状动脉左前降支(LAD)结扎术构建MI/R模型。Re组在大鼠缺血前30 min腹腔注射20 mg/kg的Re;TSNB组在大鼠缺血前30 min在胸段硬膜外导管注射0.2%罗哌卡因50μL;Re+TSNB组在大鼠缺血前30 min腹腔注射20 mg/kg的Re并在胸段硬膜外导管注射0.2%罗哌卡因50μL;对照组和MI/R组只注射生理盐水。对各组大鼠进行心功能和梗死面积评估,HE染色、TUNEL染色观察心肌组织病理改变和心肌细胞凋亡,检测血清心肌损伤标志物肌酸激酶(CK)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、心肌肌钙蛋白(cTnI)水平及心肌组织炎症因子白细胞介素8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和氧化应激因子丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,免疫印迹法检测心肌组织IL-8、TNF-α、B淋巴细胞瘤2相关X蛋白(Bax)和B淋巴细胞瘤2(Bcl-2)蛋白表达水平。[结果]与对照组相比,MI/R组大鼠心肌细胞水肿,心肌纤维紊乱,左心室发展压力(LVDP)、最大左心室压上升速率(+dp/dt_(max))和最大左心室压下降速率(-dp/dt_(max))、SOD活性、Bcl-2水平显著降低,心肌梗死面积、细胞凋亡率、cTnI、CK、AST、IL-8、TNF-α、MDA、Bax水平显著升高(均P<0.05);与MI/R组相比,Re组、TSNB组、Re+TSNB组大鼠心肌纤维和心肌细胞形态明显改善,LVDP、±dp/dt_(max)、SOD活性、Bcl-2水平显著升高,心肌梗死面积、细胞凋亡率、cTnI、CK、AST、IL-8、TNF-α、MDA、Bax水平显著降低(均P<0.05);相比于Re组和TSNB组,Re+TSNB组LVDP、±dp/dt_(max)、SOD活性、Bcl-2水平显著升高,心肌梗死面积、细胞凋亡率、cTnI、CK、AST、IL-8、TNF-α、MDA、Bax水平明显降低(均P<0.05)。[结论]Re联合TSNB可能通过减少心肌细胞凋亡,抑制炎症反应和氧化应激,对MI/R损伤的心肌发挥保护作用。

右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因胸椎旁神经阻滞对冠状动脉搭桥术后心肌再灌注损伤及恢复质量的影响

目的研究右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因胸椎旁神经阻滞对冠状动脉搭桥术后心肌再灌注损伤及恢复质量的影响。方法前瞻性选取2021年3月至2023年2月邯郸市中心医院收治的97例行冠状动脉搭桥术的患者作为研究对象,采用掷硬币法将其分为观察组(n=49)和对照组(n=48)。两组患者均在全身麻醉下手术,对照组采用0.5%罗哌卡因20 mL进行胸椎旁神经阻滞,观察组采用0.75μg/kg右美托咪定+0.5%罗哌卡因20 mL进行胸椎旁神经阻滞。比较两组患者麻醉前、气管插管即刻、切皮后5 min、术毕的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率;记录两组患者的手术时间、术后机械通气时间、拔管时间、苏醒时间、ICU滞留时间及住院时间;比较两组患者手术后12、24 h的疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、Ramsay镇静评分,手术前、手术后24 h的肌钙蛋白(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、天冬氨酸转移酶(AST)水平,以及补救镇痛及并发症发生情况。结果麻醉前及气管插管即刻,两组MAP、心率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);切皮后5 min及术毕,观察组MAP、心率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组手术时间、术后机械通气时间及苏醒时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组ICU滞留时间、拔管时间及住院时间分别为(16.58±4.03)h、(5.47±1.23)h、(11.24±2.10)d,均短于对照组[(18.33±4.52)h、(6.02±1.39)h、(12.17±2.38)d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术后12、24 h,观察组VAS评分分别为(2.65±0.45)、(2.56±0.59)分,均低于对照组[(2.87±0.53)、(2.92±0.61)分],Ramsay镇静评分分别为(2.15±0.95)、(2.20±0.91)分,均高于对照组(1.63±0.72)、(1.60±0.68)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术后24 h,两组cTnI、CK-MB及AST水平均较手术前升高,但观察组cTnI、CK-MB及AST水平分别为(0.96±0.31)ng/mL、(4.91±1.06)ng/mL、(39.08±7.26)U/L,均低于对照组[(1.16±0.34)ng/mL、(5.61±1.17)ng/mL、(43.14±8.34)U/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后补救镇痛发生率与总并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因胸椎旁神经阻滞应用于冠状动脉搭桥术,患者术后恢复更快,镇静效果更好,可显著减轻患者术后疼痛,对患者心肌再灌注损伤更小。

胸椎旁神经阻滞联合全身麻醉在胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者中的应用效果

目的探讨胸椎旁神经阻滞联合全身麻醉在胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者中的应用效果。方法根据麻醉方法的不同将65例胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者分为全麻组(n=31,单纯全身麻醉)和联合组(n=34,胸椎旁神经阻滞联合全身麻醉)。比较两组患者的疼痛情况[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、术后24 h镇痛泵按压次数]、瑞芬太尼用量、苏醒进程指标、应激反应指标[去甲肾上腺素(NE)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)]及术后并发症发生情况。结果术后2、6、12、24 h,联合组患者VAS评分均明显低于全麻组(P﹤0.01);联合组患者术后24 h镇痛泵按压次数明显少于全麻组(P﹤0.01)。联合组患者瑞芬太尼用量明显少于全麻组,苏醒时间和自主呼吸恢复时间均明显短于全麻组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。术后,两组患者NE、MDA水平均高于本组术前,SOD水平均低于本组术前,联合组患者NE、MDA水平均低于全麻组,SOD水平高于全麻组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。联合组患者术后并发症总发生率低于全麻组(P﹤0.05)。结论胸椎旁神经阻滞联合全身麻醉应用于胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者,不仅能够减轻疼痛程度和应激反应程度,还能够减少阿片类药物用量,降低并发症发生率。

超声引导菱形肌-肋间肌阻滞和TPVB在电视胸腔镜手术术后早期疼痛控制中的应用比较

目的 比较超声引导下菱形肌-肋间肌阻滞和胸椎旁神经阻滞(TPVB)对电视胸腔镜手术患者术后早期疼痛的控制效果。方法 前瞻性选取2022年1月至2023年7月秦皇岛市第一医院收治的120例行电视胸腔镜手术治疗的患者作为研究对象,按照信封法分为观察组(n=61)和对照组(n=59)。观察组采用静脉全身麻醉+超声引导菱形肌-肋间肌阻滞麻醉,对照组采用静脉全身麻醉+超声引导TPVB麻醉。比较两组患者手术指标、神经阻滞情况、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、Ramsay镇静评分,统计两组患者并发症发生情况。结果 两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、引流时间、住院时间及首次进食时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组注药时间、阻滞持续时间及补救镇痛次数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组超声定位时间、穿刺时间、操作总时间分别为(1.12±0.10)、(2.37±0.56)、(5.47±0.38)min,均短于对照组[(1.65±0.14)、(3.61±0.64)、(6.98±0.42) min],穿刺针深度为(4.43±0.52) mm,小于对照组[(5.37±0.58)mm],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后6、12 h VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者麻醉后恢复室(PACU)低氧血症发生率、气胸发生率、肺部感染发生率、肺不张发生率、恶心呕吐发生率及总并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 与TPVB比较,超声引导菱形肌-肋间肌阻滞应用于电视胸腔镜手术,患者术后恢复质量、镇痛效果及安全性相当,但超声引导菱形肌-肋间肌阻滞操作简单,操作时间更短。

不同浓度的罗哌卡因胸椎旁神经阻滞在胸科手术中的效果分析

目的探讨不同浓度的罗哌卡因胸椎旁神经阻滞在胸科手术中的效果。方法选取我院2021年1月至2024年3月在本院接受胸外科手术的80例患者,按照罗哌卡因用量分为A组(n=30,罗哌卡因浓度0.25%)、B组(n=30,罗哌卡因浓度0.50%)、C组(n=30,罗哌卡因浓度0.75%)。比较三组的疼痛程度、苏醒时间、拔管时间、血管活性药物用量。结果A组、B组、C组术后2 h、12 h在静息及咳嗽状态下VAS评分均低于术后即刻,且B组、C组VAS评分低于A组(P<0.05)。C组苏醒时间及拔管时间长于A组、B组(P<0.05)。C组、B组、A组舒芬太尼应用剂量依次升高,间羟胺应用剂量依次降低(P<0.05)。结论0.50%罗哌卡因胸椎旁阻滞对胸外科手术患者的镇痛效果较好,利于患者术后苏醒及恢复,减少术中镇痛及血管活性药物的应用剂量。

比较前锯肌平面阻滞与胸椎旁神经阻滞在胸腔镜手术中的镇痛、镇静效果

目的比较前锯肌平面阻滞与胸椎旁神经阻滞在胸腔镜手术中的镇痛、镇静效果。方法选取我院2022年7月至2023年7月收治的110例胸腔镜手术患者,采用随机数字表法分为两组,对照组55例采用胸椎旁神经阻滞,观察组55例采用前锯肌平面阻滞,比较两组麻醉效果、视觉模拟评分(VAS)、炎症因子水平、生命质量以及躁动率。结果观察组阻滞持续时间(13.63±3.16 vs.11.74±2.54)h长于对照组,阻滞操作时间(5.36±2.31 vs.10.19±2.55)min短于对照组,术后48 h镇痛泵按压次数(3.86±1.87 vs.5.91±1.54)次、术后舒芬太尼使用量(102.36±16.65 vs.128.77±20.33)μg少于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后6 h的VAS评分(3.68±1.11 vs.4.59±1.29)分、术后12 h的VAS评分(2.33±1.12 vs.3.57±1.43)分、术后24 h的VAS评分(1.84±0.52 vs.2.71±0.44)分、术后48 h的VAS评分(0.76±0.31 vs.1.49±0.55)分、术后2 h的IL-10(74.28±5.36 vs.98.57±6.44)ng/L、48 h的IL-10(45.13±4.29 vs.53.36±5.08)ng/L、术后2 h的IL-6(65.33±4.78 vs.76.49±5.78)ng/L、48 h的IL-6水平(47.79±3.36 vs.54.36±4.78)ng/L均低于对照组(P<0.05),术后24 h的SF-36评分(69.95±5.13 vs.65.33±4.27)分、术后48 h的SF-36评分(83.36±4.36 vs.74.29±3.69)分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。同时,观察组患者术后6 h、术后24 h、术后48 h的躁动率分别为(5.45%、3.64%、1.82%vs.18.18%、14.54%、12.73%),均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论相比于胸椎旁神经阻滞,前锯肌平面阻滞在胸腔镜手术患者中效果更显著,具有良好的镇痛、镇静效果。

颊针联合椎旁神经阻滞治疗胸背部带状疱疹后神经痛的疗效观察

目的:观察颊针联合椎旁神经阻滞治疗胸背部带状疱疹后神经痛(PHN)的临床疗效。方法:选取2021年1月至2021年12月无锡市中医医院收治的PHN患者100例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组采用基础药物配合椎旁神经阻滞治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合颊针治疗。观察并记录2组患者治疗前及治疗1、2、3、4周后视觉模拟评分(VAS),治疗前后的健康调查简表(SF-36)评分、血清中神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平、辅助T细胞1/2(Th1/Th2)水平、不良反应发生情况及总有效率。结果:治疗后2组患者VAS均低于治疗前,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。2组患者的SF-36除生理功能外均较治疗前升高,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。2组患者NSE水平明显低于治疗前,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。2组患者γ干扰素(IFN-γ)水平明显高于治疗前,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05),2组患者白细胞介素4(IL-4)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)水平明显低于治疗前,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。2组均未发生明显不良反应(P>0.05),观察组总有效率优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:颊针联合椎旁神经阻滞治疗胸背部PHN效果显著,能有效缓解疼痛,提升患者治疗期间的生命质量,降低神经细胞损伤,提高免疫力。

B超引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞在老年胸腔镜手术中的应用

目的:观察B超引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞复合全身麻醉应用于老年胸腔镜手术中的效果。方法:选择2021年3月至2023年3月收治的92例行胸腔镜手术的老年患者,依据随机数字表法分为两组,每组46例,对照组采用全身麻醉,研究组采用B超引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞复合全身麻醉。比较两组镇痛效果、苏醒质量、应激反应指标、术后不良反应发生率。结果:术后6 h、12 h、24 h,研究组静息时、咳嗽时疼痛视觉模拟评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间、首次下床活动时间短于对照组(P<0.05),镇静-躁动评分低于对照组。术后2 h,两组肾上腺皮质激素、去甲肾上腺素、8-异前列腺素F2α、血管紧张素Ⅱ均高于术前(P<0.05),且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组术后不良反应总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:B超引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞复合全身麻醉对老年胸腔镜手术患者的镇痛效果确切,可改善苏醒质量,减轻应激反应,减少术后不良反应。