Heterogeneity and differential hydrocarbon accumulation model of deep reservoirs in foreland thrust belts: A case study of deep Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation clastic reservoirs in southern Junggar Basin, NW China

Using the data of drilling, logging, core, experiments and production, the heterogeneity and differential hydrocarbon accumulation model of deep reservoirs in Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation(K1q) in the western section of the foreland thrust belt in southern Junggar Basin are investigated. The target reservoirs are characterized by superimposition of conglomerates, sandy conglomerates and sandstones, with high content of plastic clasts. The reservoir space is mainly composed of intergranular pores. The reservoirs are overall tight, and the sandy conglomerate has the best physical properties. The coupling of short deep burial period with low paleotemperature gradient and formation overpressure led to the relatively weak diagenetic strength of the reservoirs. Specifically, the sandy conglomerates show relatively low carbonate cementation, low compaction rate and high dissolution porosity. The special stress-strain mechanism of the anticline makes the reservoirs at the top of the anticline turning point more reformed by fractures than those at the limbs, and the formation overpressure makes the fractures in open state. Moreover, the sandy conglomerates have the highest oil saturation. Typical anticline reservoirs are developed in deep part of the thrust belt, but characterized by "big trap with small reservoir". Significantly, the sandy conglomerates at the top of anticline turning point have better quality, lower in-situ stress and higher structural position than those at the limbs,with the internal hydrocarbons most enriched, making them high-yield oil/gas layers. The exponential decline of fractures makes hydrocarbon accumulation difficult in the reservoirs at the limbs. Nonetheless, plane hydrocarbon distribution is more extensive at the gentle limb than the steep limb.

Hydrodynamic Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Dabashan Foreland Thrust Belt,China

There are two plays in the Dabashan foreland tectonic belt： the upper and the lower plays. The lower play experienced one sedimentary hydrodynamic stage, two burial hydrodynamic stages, two tectonic hydrodynamic stages and two infiltration hydrodynamic stages from the Sinian to the Cenozoic, while the upper play had one sedimentary hydrodynamic stage, one burial hydrodynamic stage, two tectonic hydrodynamic stages and one infiltration hydrodynamic stage from the Permian to the Cenozoic. Extensive flows of both sedimentary water, including hydrocarbons, and deep mantle fluid occurred in the Chengkou faults during collision orogeny in the Middle-Late Triassic Indosinian orogeny, and fluid flow was complicated during intracontinental orogeny in the Middle-Late Jurassic. In addition to these movements, infiltration and movement of meteoric water took place in the Chengkou faults, whereas in the covering-strata decollement tectonic belt, extensive sedimentary water flow （including hydrocarbons） occurred mainly in the Zhenba and Pingba faults. During the stage of rapid uplift and exhumation from the Cretaceous to the Cenozoic, the fluid flow was characterized mainly by infiltration of meteoric water and gravity-induced flow caused by altitude difference, whereas sedimentary water flow caused by tectonic processes was relatively less significant. Sedimentary water flow was more significant to the lower play in hydrocarbon migration and accumulation during collision orogeny in the Middle-Late Triassic Indosinian orogeny, but its influence is relatively slight on the upper play. On one hand, hydrodynamics during intracontinental orogeny in the Middle-Late Jurassic adjusted, reformed or oven destroyed oil reservoirs in the lower play; on the other hand, it drove large amounts of hydrocarbons to migrate laterally and vertically and is favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation. Infiltration hydrodynamics mainly adjusted and destroyed oil reservoirs from the Cretaceous to the Cenozoic.

Characteristics,origin and controlling effects on hydrocarbon accumulation of overpressure in foreland thrust belt of southern margin of Junggar Basin,NW China

Aiming at the differential distribution of overpressure in vertical and lateral directions in the foreland thrust belt in the southern margin of Junggar Basin,the study on overpressure origin identification and overpressure evolution simulation is carried out.Based on the measured formation pressure,drilling fluid density and well logging data,overpressure origin identification and overpressure evolution simulation techniques are used to analyze the vertical and lateral distribution patterns of overpressure,genetic mechanisms of overpressure in different structural belts and causes of the differential distribution of overpressure,and the controlling effects of overpressure development and evolution on the formation and distribution of oil and gas reservoirs.The research shows that overpressure occurs in multiple formations vertically in the southern Junggar foreland thrust belt,the deeper the formation,the bigger the scale of the overpressure is.Laterally,overpressure is least developed in the mountain front belt,most developed in the fold anticline belt,and relatively developed in the slope belt.The differential distribution of overpressure is mainly controlled by the differences in disequilibrium compaction and tectonic compression strengths of different belts.The vertical overpressure transmission caused by faults connecting the deep overpressured system has an important contribution to the further increase of the overpressure strength in this area.The controlling effect of overpressure development and evolution on hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution shows in the following aspects:When the strong overpressure was formed before reservoir becoming tight overpressure maintains the physical properties of deep reservoirs to some extent,expanding the exploration depth of deep reservoirs;reservoirs below the overpressured mudstone cap rocks of the Paleogene Anjihaihe Formation and Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Group are main sites for oil and gas accumulation;under the background of overall overpressure,both overpressure strength too high or too low are not conducive to hydrocarbon enrichment and preservation,and the pressure coefficient between 1.6 and 2.1 is the best.

Influence of Salt Beds on the Segmentation of Structure and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Qiulitag Structural Belt,Tarim Basin,China

Seismic information and balanced profile technology were used to reveal the influence of the salt bed in segmentation of structure and hydrocarbon accumulation in Qiulitag structural belt in Tarim basin. From west to east, the shortening of strata above the salt beds gradually decreases, while, the shortening below the salt beds gradually increases, which shows that the segmentation of structure integrated the seismic profile. There is great difference of the deformation of strata below and above the salt beds between the west segment and the east segment. The analysis of the distribution of oil/gas fields and the hydrocarbon properties indicates the similar segmentation to the structure segmentation. The salt beds in relatively shallow layers change the stress condition from basement of Kuqa foreland basin, which leads to the segmentation of Qiulitag structural belt. Because the salt beds in the west segment came into being earlier than those in the east segment, the west segment captures hydrocarbon from two sets of source rock, while the east segment can only capture hydrocarbons from one set of source rock. So, the salt beds play an important role in the segmentation of structure and hydrocarbon accumulation.

Limitation of fault-sealing and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation——An example from the Laoyemiao Oilfi eld of the Nanpu Sag

Based on previous studies on the internal structures of fault belts, the fault belts in the Laoyemiao Oilfield of the Nanpu Sag can be divided into three units, a crushed zone, an upper induced fracture zone and a lower induced fracture zone according to the log response characteristics. The upper induced fracture zone is characterized by the development of pervasive fractures and has a poor sealing or non-sealing capability. It therefore can act as pathways for hydrocarbon migration. The lower induced fracture zone consists of fewer fractures and has limited sealing capability. The crushed zone has a good sealing capability comparable to mudstone and can thus prevent lateral migration of fluid. Through physical modeling and comparing laboratory data with calculated data of oil column heights of traps sealed by faults, it is concluded that the fault-sealing capability for oil and gas is limited. When the oil column height reaches a threshold, oil will spill over from the top of reservoir along the lower induced fracture zone under the action of buoyancy, and the size of reservoir will remain unchanged. Analysis of the formation mechanisms of the fault-sealed reservoirs in the Nanpu Sag indicated that the charging sequence of oil and gas in the reservoir was from lower formation to upper formation, with the fault playing an important role in oil and gas accumulation. The hydrocarbon potential in reverse fault-sealed traps is much better than that in the consequent fault-sealed traps. The reverse fault-sealed traps are favorable and preferred exploration targets.

Silurian hydrocarbon exploration breakthrough and its implications in the Shajingzi structural belt of Tarim Basin,NW China

The Silurian hydrocarbon exploration in the northwest Tarim Basin had long been fruitless, till Well XSD1 drilled in 2018 in the Shajingzi structural belt, northwest Tarim Basin tapped industrial gas flow from the Silurian for the first time. The reservoir-forming model and resource extent need to be made clear urgently. Based on the comprehensive research of drilling,formation testing, geochemical data, and sedimentary and accumulation history, in combination with field surveys, experiments, structure interpretation and reconstruction of structure evolution, it is found that:(1) The northwest Tarim Basin had widespread tidal deltaic deposits in the Silurian period, which contain good reservoir-cap combinations;(2) the Shajingzi fault and associated faults connected the Cambrian-Ordovician source rocks in the Awati sag, and controlled the formation of Silurian structural traps, hence, the traps turned up along the structural belt in an orderly pattern and came together into contiguous tracts;(3) the Silurian petroleum in Shajingzi structural belt was dominated by gas, and the major accumulation period was the Himalayan period when the traps fixed in shape;(4) the Silurian gas resources in the Shajingzi belt were estimated at around 2.018×10^(11)m^(3), and Silurian gas resources of the northwest Tarim Basin were estimated at 2.03×10^(12)m^(3), implying huge exploration potential, so this area will become a major area for reserve and production increase from clastic strata in the basin;(5) with the Shajingzi fault of large scale and long active time connecting deep source rock layers, multiple formations in Lower Paleozoic of Shajingzi structural belt may have breakthroughs in hydrocarbon exploration.

Structural characteristics and implications on oil/gas accumulation in north segment of the Longmenshan piedmont,northwestern Sichuan Basin,SW China

By integrating surface geology,seismic data,resistivity sections,and drilling data,the structural deformation characteristics of the frontier fault of thrust nappes were delineated in detail.The frontier fault of thrust nappes in northwest Scihuan Basin is a buried thrust fault with partial exposure in the Xiangshuichang-Jiangyou area,forming fault propagation folds in the hanging-wall and without presenting large-scale basin-ward displacement along the gypsum-salt layer of the Triassic Jialingjiang Formation to the Triassic Leikoupo Formation.The southwestern portion of the frontier fault of thrust nappes(southwest of Houba)forms fault bend folds with multiple ramps and flats,giving rise to the Zhongba anticline due to hanging-wall slip along the upper flat of the Jialingjiang Formation.In contrast,the northeastern portion of the frontier fault of thrust nappes(northeast of Houba)presents upward steepening geometry,leading to surface exposure of Cambrian in its hanging-wall.With the frontier fault of thrust nappes as the boundary between the Longmenshan Mountain and the Sichuan Basin,the imbricated structural belt in the hanging-wall thrusted strongly in the Indosinian orogeny and was reactivated in the Himalayan orogeny,while the piedmont buried structural belt in the footwall was formed in the Himalayan orogeny.In the footwall of the frontier fault of thrust nappes,the piedmont buried structural belt has good configuration of source rocks,reservoir rocks and cap rocks,presenting good potential to form large gas reservoirs.In comparison,the hanging-wall of the frontier fault of thrust nappes north of Chonghua has poor condition of oil/gas preservation due to the surface exposure of Triassic and deeper strata,while the fault blocks in the hanging-wall from Chonghua to Wudu,with Jurassic cover and thicker gypsum-salt layer of the Jialingjiang formation,has relative better oil/gas preservation conditions and thus potential of oil/gas accumulation.The frontier fault of thrust nappes is not only the boundary between the Longmenshan Mountain and the Sichuan Basin,but also the boundary of the oil/gas accumulation system in northwestern Sichuan Basin.

库车前陆冲断带构造分层变形特征

库车前陆冲断带地震资料信噪比低,具有多解性。利用高分辨率三维地震、钻井、油气分析化验等资料,对库车前陆冲断带地层组合进行系统描述,精细解释构造模型,深入剖析油气成藏体系,认为库车前陆冲断带发育古近系和新近系膏盐岩层及三叠系和侏罗系煤层2套滑脱层,具有分层滑脱、垂向叠置、多期变形的特征,浅层构造发育盖层滑脱褶皱,深层发育基底卷入式叠瓦状逆冲构造,膏盐岩层和煤层发生滑脱塑性变形,发育加里东运动期、海西运动晚期—印支运动期和燕山运动期—喜马拉雅运动期3期断裂,海西运动晚期—印支运动期构造控制中生界沉积,由北向南具有超覆减薄的特征。库车前陆冲断带分层构造变形控制油气分层运聚,煤层以上的油气主要来自侏罗系烃源岩,煤层之下的油气主要来自三叠系,三叠系烃源岩生烃量占60%,大量油气仍保存在煤层之下。

柴达木盆地英雄岭构造带新生代隆升过程与油气成藏效应

英雄岭构造带是柴达木盆地内部最大的正向构造单元,构造带及周缘蕴育了丰富的油气资源。针对构造带地质结构认识不清、初始隆升时间认识不统一、形成过程和机制不明确等问题,通过构造解析、构造演化、构造模拟、埋藏史与生烃史恢复等手段,以钻井和连片三维地震数据为基础,以时间为主线,以构造活动期次为节点,以主干地震剖面为纲,以具体构造为目,从几何学和运动学方面揭示英雄岭构造带三维空间结构和形成过程。研究表明:英雄岭构造带空间上具有南北分带展布、东西分段相接、垂向上下分层叠置的特征;新生代以来构造带演化经历了古近纪断坳、新近纪早期初始隆升和新近纪晚期—第四纪调整定型3个阶段,演化过程具有自南向北、自西向东逐次扩展的特点,构造演化与油气成藏紧密相关;青藏高原隆升背景下特殊的盆地边界条件、内部结构和应力场变换可为英雄岭构造带成藏模式建立和下一步有利勘探方向选择提供参考。

西湖凹陷玉泉构造油气成藏时空匹配关系研究

以地质录井资料为基础,结合流体包裹体、自生伊利石同位素等地球化学资料,运用平衡剖面、盆地模拟技术,研究玉泉构造断裂演化史、圈闭发育史、埋藏史、成岩史、生烃史、油气成藏史及其时空匹配关系。研究表明:玉泉构造经历了前挤压反转期、挤压反转早期和挤压反转晚期3个阶段,其中挤压反转早期和晚期为NWW向调节断层和圈闭发育、定型的关键阶段;花港组下段H6—H7自13.0 Ma以来油气持续充注成藏至今,储层物性较差,花港组上段为13.0~11.4 Ma和4.2 Ma至今两期油气充注成藏,且第二期为主要油气成藏期,储层物性较好,龙井组为3.4 Ma至今一期充注成藏,储层物性好。总结出玉泉构造寻找有利勘探目标的关键条件为:以花港组上段为勘探主要目的层,靠近早期发育的NNE油源断层,避开晚期NWW向调节断层,指出玉泉3井区北部、玉泉1井区北部花港组上段以及玉泉3井区NWW向断层上盘龙井组、玉泉1井区龙井组上段为有利勘探区。

Rapid hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism in later period in Kelasu thrust belt in Kuqa depression

Based on the analyses of generation, migration and accumulation of oil and gas in the structures of Kela 1, Kela 2 and Kela 3 in Kasangtuokai anticlinal belt using a series of geological and geochemical evidence, this paper proposes that the rapid rate of hydrocarbon generation, main drain path for over-pressured fluid flow and converging conduit system are indispensable conditions for the rapid, late-stage gas accumulation in the Kelasu thrust belt in the Kuqa depression. Due to structural over-lapping and the resultant rapid burial, the maturity of the source rocks had been increased rapidly from 1.3 to 2.5% Ro within 2.3 Ma, with an average rate of Ro increase up to 0.539% Ro/Ma. The rapid matura-tion of the source rocks had provided sufficient gases for late-stage gas accumulation. The kelasu structural belt has a variety of faults, but only the fault that related with fault propagation fold and cut through the gypsiferous mudstone cap could act as the main path for overpressured fluid release and then for fast gas accumulation in low fluid potential area. All the evidence from surface structure map, seismic profile explanation, authigenic kaolinite and reservoir property demonstrates that the main drain path related with faults for overpressured fluid and the converging conduit system are the key point for the formation of the giant Kela 2 gas field. By contrast, the Kela 1 and Kela 3 structures lo-cated on both sides of Kela 2 structure, are not favourable for gas accumulation due to lacking con-verging conduit system.

西昆仑山前柯东构造带侏罗系砂岩成藏古流体特征及其成藏指示意义

塔里木盆地西南坳陷甫沙8井在侏罗系砂岩中获得工业油流,极大的推动了昆仑山前新层系新领域的油气勘探。本文通过流体包裹体岩相学、均一化温度及储层颗粒荧光定量等方法,对昆仑山前柯东构造带侏罗系储层古流体特征与油气成藏期次进行了研究。结果表明,侏罗系砂岩储层发育两期烃包裹体,第1期为发黄色、黄绿色荧光烃包裹体,以片状或点状分布,为早期原油充注;第2期为蓝白色烃类包裹体,沿裂隙呈线性分布,为晚期高成熟油气充注。颗粒荧光QGF指数主要介于3~7 pc,说明早期发生过原油充注,指示存在古油藏。QGF-E强度指数分布在9.65~73.89,指示现今为凝析油或轻质油特征,这一特征与蓝白色荧光的液态烃包裹体相对应。烃类共生包裹体均一温度峰值主要在95~105℃和115~125℃,结合研究区埋藏史和热演化史模拟结果,表明经历了两期油气充注,第1期在20 Ma以来,以成熟度较低的油气充注为主;第2期在5 Ma以来,主要是高成熟度油气充注。储层颗粒荧光定量分析结果表明,侏罗系早期发育古油藏,现今为凝析油或轻质油特征。

前陆冲断带深层储集层非均质性及油气差异聚集模式——以准噶尔盆地南缘西段白垩系清水河组碎屑岩储集层为例

基于钻井、测井、岩心及实验数据和油气生产资料,对准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带西段深层白垩系清水河组储集层非均质性及其油气差异聚集模式进行研究。结果表明:(1)储集层以叠置连片的砾岩、砂砾岩及砂岩为特征,塑性岩屑含量高,储集空间以粒间孔为主,整体致密,其中砂砾岩物性最优;(2)较短的深埋时限匹配较低的古地温梯度和地层超压使得储集层整体成岩强度较弱,而砂砾岩具有相对更低的早期碳酸盐胶结及压实率和更高的溶蚀增孔;(3)背斜特殊的应力-应变机制使得转折端顶部储集层可较两翼宏观裂缝改造程度更大,且超压使得裂缝处于开启状态;(4)砂砾岩相对含油饱和度最高,而冲断带深层发育典型背斜油气藏,但整体表现为“大圈闭,小油藏”的特点;(5)背斜转折端顶部砂砾岩相较于两翼具有更优越的储集性能、更低的地应力大小及较高的构造位置,使得内部油气最为富集而成为高产油气层,而裂缝指数级递减使得两翼储集层难以富集成藏,但背斜缓翼相对陡翼油气平面延伸范围更大。

冀中坳陷束鹿潜山带油气成藏主控因素与成藏模式

近年来,束鹿潜山带油气勘探取得重大突破,展现出冀中坳陷南部潜山较大的油气勘探潜力。但是,潜山带油气成藏主控因素与成藏模式还未开展系统研究和总结,严重制约了研究区下一步的油气勘探。本论文基于大量的钻井、测录井、地球化学资料、样品测试分析以及盆地模拟的方法,系统剖析了束鹿潜山带不同类型潜山的油气成藏条件,揭示了油气成藏主控因素,并建立了油气成藏模式。结果表明,束鹿潜山带油气成藏主控因素为供烃条件、输导体系以及保存条件,其中供烃条件一定程度上控制了油气成熟度与分布,输导体系控制了油气的运聚和规模,而保存条件控制了原油性质与富集。束鹿潜山带的洼中隆潜山经历了古近系沙河街组二段(Es2)沉积末期—东营期(Ed)和明化镇期(Nm)—现今两期油气充注过程,为近源断层输导断背斜聚集的油气成藏模式;而斜坡带潜山只经历了明化镇期(Nm)—现今一期低熟—正常原油充注过程,为远源不整合输导反向断块-高潜山聚集的油气成藏模式。研究成果可为研究区潜山带油气成藏机理的认识和油气勘探提供科学依据。

塔里木盆地沙井子断裂带油气地质条件及勘探潜力

通过钻井、地震和野外露头等资料的综合分析,根据构造特征及派生断层的差异性,将塔里木盆地沙井子断裂带划分为东段、西段、中段及阿恰段等4段。沙井子断裂带具有加里东晚期开始发育、海西期—印支期—燕山期多期活动、喜马拉雅期定型的演化特征,发育构造、地层、潜山等多种类型的圈闭,是油气运聚的有利区。研究表明:①下寒武统玉尔吐斯组和中奥陶统萨尔干组2套优质烃源岩为研究区油气的主要来源;②寒武系盐下丘滩相白云岩、志留系柯坪塔格组潮坪-滨岸复合沉积相的潮汐水道砂岩及滨岸砂坝、三叠系俄霍布拉克组扇三角洲及克拉玛依组辫状河三角洲砂岩为研究区的3套主要储层;③中寒武统厚层膏盐岩、志留系塔塔埃尔塔组泥岩夹层及依木干他乌组厚层泥岩、三叠系俄霍布拉克组及克拉玛依组泥岩夹层为研究区的3套主要盖层;④油气充注呈现多期性、以晚期为主的特点。建立了志留系、三叠系“构造主控、多期充注、晚期成藏”和寒武系盐下“构造主控、连续充注”2种油气成藏模式,指出沙井子断裂带下盘的志留系和三叠系、上盘阿恰段的寒武系盐下为有利勘探区。

柴达木盆地西部狮子沟—英东构造带构造演化及控藏特征

柴达木盆地西部狮子沟—英东构造带近年来陆续获得重要油气发现,油气探明储量超亿吨,勘探潜力巨大,但复杂构造、沉积演化控制下的油气成藏与油气分布规律有待进一步研究。文中通过对构造带不同构造部位的沉降史模拟、地层缩短率计算及构造样式、构造变形特征的综合分析与对比,结合包裹体测温、埋藏史模拟及主成藏期确定,明确了新生代构造变形特征及其成藏过程与油气分布的控制作用。研究表明:(1)构造带的演化可分为4个阶段。路乐河组(E1+2)—下干柴沟组下段(E13),初始弱断陷期;下干柴沟组上段(E23),快速沉降期;上干柴沟组(N1)—下油砂山组(N12),坳陷期;上油砂山组(N22)至今,构造抬升期。(2)构造带主要经历两次构造活动高峰,其中下干柴沟组(E23)时期构造活动控制了区内主力烃源岩演化。上油砂山组(N22)沉积末期构造变形控制了圈闭的形成及变形规律。(3)英东地区主要是两期成藏,分别发生于下油砂山组(N12)沉积末期和上油砂山组(N22)沉积末期;新生代构造演化及油气匹配关系控制了狮子沟—英东构造带的东、西成藏差异与油气分布。

断陷盆地斜坡带类型与油气运聚成藏机制

基于断陷盆地斜坡带类型划分,探究不同斜坡带油气成藏特征与运聚机制。依据斜坡带基底沉积作用、构造活动的强弱程度及斜坡产状、形态,将渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷、黄骅坳陷的斜坡带划分为挠曲坡折型、平缓台坡型、宽缓断阶型、窄陡断阶型、掀斜翘倾型5种类型。各斜坡类型不同的成因机制导致其油气成藏特征与富集程度差异明显。挠曲坡折型斜坡以坡折阶地型油气成藏为主要特征,油气富集程度最高;平缓台坡型斜坡以近源一字型油气成藏为主要特征,油气富集程度较高;宽缓断阶型斜坡以远源阶梯型油气成藏为主要特征,油气富集程度中等;窄陡断阶型斜坡以断裂带复式油气成藏为主要特征,油气富集程度中等;掀斜翘倾型斜坡油气富集程度相对较低。斜坡带油气运聚主要受鼻状构造、砂岩发育程度、优势物性砂体和断接厚度的控制,鼻状构造控制油气主要汇聚方向,砂岩发育程度控制油气横向运移,优势物性砂体控制油气侧向分流,断接厚度控制油气的垂向运移分布。

前陆盆地冲断带构造分段特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用

以中国中西部典型前陆盆地为例,分析了典型前陆盆地前陆冲断带的构造分段特征,总结构造分段的主控因素主要包括构造动力学背景、调节构造、构造变形期次与构造叠加、滑脱层与构造变形强度的影响等。中国中西部前陆冲断带的油气勘探成果表明,构造分段特征对不同构造段油气成藏具有明显的影响和控制作用,主要表现为:不同构造段的油气富集层位不同;不同构造段的油气成藏时间及成藏期次特征存在差异,主成藏期也不同。

南堡凹陷的形成演化与油气的关系

南堡凹陷是一个中生代开始发育的含油气凹陷 ,经历了断陷期和坳陷期两个演化阶段 ,具幕式沉积特点。区内构造带呈环状展布 ,可分为周边凸起潜山构造带、近边或裙边构造带及凹陷中央构造带。以高柳断层为界 ,呈南北分区的格局。圈闭的形成与展布明显受构造演化控制 ,断陷期以背斜、潜山圈闭为主 ,坳陷期以各种类型的断块。

塔里木盆地库车前陆褶皱带中段盐相关构造特征与油气聚集

塔里木盆地北部库车前陆褶皱带古新统—始新统发育盐岩层系,将库车前陆褶皱带构造变形和圈闭样式分为三层,即盐上构造、盐层(盐间)构造和盐下构造。盐上构造包括盐上背斜、盐上道冲断层及断层相关褶皱、盐上背冲断块构造、强制褶皱、盐上逆冲断层遮挡构造和盐推覆构造等;盐层(盐间)构造主要包括盐枕构造、盐间断褶构造、盐焊接构造和外来盐席等;盐下构造主要有背冲断块构造、断层相关褶皱、叠瓦冲断带和双重构造等。库车前陆褶皱带盐构造的形成可能受挤压作用、重力滑动和重力扩展作用多重控制。笔者等讨论了盐相关构造油气成藏条件和模式,认为库车前陆褶皱带盐岩层变形与丰富的圈闭构造形成密切相关,烃源岩主要位于盐下,盐岩层作为优质盖层构成石油和天然气藏最优越的遮挡条件,断裂对盐下、盐间和盐上油气成藏都起重要控制作用,但盐下是最有利的油气聚集场所。