Purpose: Umami reportedly promotes salivation. We aimed to investigate the effects of taste stimuli on slow and fast salivary secretion in humans using umami, sweet, and sour stimuli. Methods: Eight healthy women part...Purpose: Umami reportedly promotes salivation. We aimed to investigate the effects of taste stimuli on slow and fast salivary secretion in humans using umami, sweet, and sour stimuli. Methods: Eight healthy women participated between 14:00 and 15:00, taking the circadian rhythm of salivary secretion into account. The types and concentrations of the taste solutions were glutamic acid (1.7 × 10<sup>−3</sup> M), inosinic acid (9.8 × 10<sup>−3</sup> M), and guanylic acid (9.8 × 10<sup>−3</sup> M) for umami stimulation, citric acid (6.5 × 10<sup>−3</sup> M) for acidity stimulation, and sucrose (1.6 × 10<sup>−2</sup> M) for sweetness stimulation. First, the unstimulated salivary flow rate was measured. Then, 3 ml of a flavor solution was dropped under the tongue using a syringe. The saliva was expelled into an aluminum cup every minute and weighed. The first minute’s value minus 3 ml flavor solution was the stimulated salivary secretion rate produced by each flavor. The time-to-return to the initial unstimulated salivary flow rate was the duration of the stimulated saliva secretion rate. Results: The mean unstimulated salivary flow rate across participants was 0.64 ± 0.25 ml/min (range: 0.23 - 1.03 ml/min). The highest amount of saliva was induced by citric acid. There were significant differences between citric acid and the other flavor solutions (p < 0.05 for glutamic acid, inosinic acid, and sucrose;p < 0.01 for guanylic acid). There were no significant differences in duration of salivation between the flavor solutions. When the participants were divided into slow (0.45 ± 0.16 ml/min) and fast groups (0.83 ± 0.15 ml/min) based on their median resting salivary secretion rate, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the amount of saliva secreted at 1 minute after stimulation and the duration of the salivary secretion rate. Conclusion: Umami stimulation was effective in slowing salivary secretion and sustaining salivary secretion after stimulation.展开更多
为探究冻融循环对食用菌预制菌汤的品质影响,本文以鲜菌汤为参照,对比了冻融过程中微生物数量、菌汤色泽、可溶性蛋白、还原糖、总酚含量等基本指标的变化,并基于超高效液相检测和气相色谱-质谱法分析冻融过程菌汤等鲜度和挥发性风味物...为探究冻融循环对食用菌预制菌汤的品质影响,本文以鲜菌汤为参照,对比了冻融过程中微生物数量、菌汤色泽、可溶性蛋白、还原糖、总酚含量等基本指标的变化,并基于超高效液相检测和气相色谱-质谱法分析冻融过程菌汤等鲜度和挥发性风味物质差异。研究表明,首次冻融大幅减少了菌汤的还原糖、总酚和总氨基酸含量,显著降低了菌汤等鲜度和挥发性成分含量,综合影响了菌汤的成分与风味。进一步通过冻融次数(1~5次)之间的对比,反复冻融3次菌汤可溶性蛋白含量相较于冻融1~2次显著降低(P<0.05),此外,等鲜度由1~2次冻融的0.441~0.450 g MSG/100 g直接下降至0.407 g MSG/100 g,同时微生物开始检出。在此后4~5次冻融过程中,虽然菌汤总酚、总氨基酸含量和等鲜度相对稳定,但核苷酸、可溶性蛋白和挥发性成分不断减少且菌落总数不断升高。因此,预制菌汤若需冻融处理则应控制在2次内为宜。展开更多
以1.0～3.0 kg/尾的鲢为材料,通过滋味活性值(taste active value,TAV)和味精当量(equivalent uma-mi concentration,EUC)2种滋味表征方法,研究加热对不同体质量鲢肌肉的游离氨基酸和核苷酸的影响。结果表明:不同体质量鲢肌肉游离氨基...以1.0～3.0 kg/尾的鲢为材料,通过滋味活性值(taste active value,TAV)和味精当量(equivalent uma-mi concentration,EUC)2种滋味表征方法,研究加热对不同体质量鲢肌肉的游离氨基酸和核苷酸的影响。结果表明:不同体质量鲢肌肉游离氨基酸以牛磺酸(Tau)、组氨酸(His)、甘氨酸(Gly)为主,加热导致鲢肌肉中游离氨基酸含量降低。鲢肌肉中组氨酸(His)贡献的苦味明显,谷氨酸(Glu)对鲜味有所贡献,甘氨酸(Gly)和丙氨酸(Ala)对甜味有所贡献。不同体质量鲢肌肉中的核苷酸类物质以肌苷酸(IMP)和肌苷(HxR)为主,加热对鲢肌肉中核苷酸类物质含量影响显著。加热导致鲢肌肉中肌苷酸(IMP)和一磷酸腺苷(AMP)的TAV均有所下降,而次黄嘌呤(Hx)的TAV有所上升,但对鲜味贡献明显的仍是IMP。熟鲢肌肉的EUC随着体质量的增加,呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在2.0 kg时达到最大为31.57 g MSG/100 g。展开更多
在栽培条件一致的情况下,测定了’L808’和ww808(子实体无香菇香味)2个香菇菌株子实体的粗蛋白、水解氨基酸、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖(醇)、有机酸和5’-核苷酸的组成及含量,并分析其营养成分和呈味物质的差异。结果表明:’L808’和ww808...在栽培条件一致的情况下,测定了’L808’和ww808(子实体无香菇香味)2个香菇菌株子实体的粗蛋白、水解氨基酸、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖(醇)、有机酸和5’-核苷酸的组成及含量,并分析其营养成分和呈味物质的差异。结果表明:’L808’和ww808菌株的氨基酸比值系数分分别为88.98和87.69,’L808’菌株的蛋白质营养价值高于ww808菌株;’L808’菌株可溶性糖(醇)及鲜味氨基酸含量高于ww808菌株,有机酸、甜味氨基酸以及鲜味核苷酸含量较ww808菌株低。综合各种呈鲜成分,’L808’和ww808菌株的等鲜浓度值(EUC)分别为38.70 g MSG/(100 g)和53.38 g MSG/(100 g),ww808菌株鲜味呈鲜效果较’L808’菌株更突出。展开更多
该文利用固相微萃取气质联用和高效液相色谱仪考察不同熟化温度(90、100、110、120℃)对杏鲍菇粉挥发性成分和滋味成分的影响。结果表明,随着熟化温度的升高,杏鲍菇粉中挥发性物质种类从33种增加至56种,但挥发性物质总含量从128.44μg/...该文利用固相微萃取气质联用和高效液相色谱仪考察不同熟化温度(90、100、110、120℃)对杏鲍菇粉挥发性成分和滋味成分的影响。结果表明,随着熟化温度的升高,杏鲍菇粉中挥发性物质种类从33种增加至56种,但挥发性物质总含量从128.44μg/g下降到69.27μg/g,挥发性成分损失较大,其中醇类物质损失最严重(从52.34μg/g下降到1.22μg/g)。具有典型蘑菇气味的1-辛烯-3-醇含量从46.32μg/g下降至0.61μg/g。随着熟化温度的升高,杏鲍菇粉的滋味成分变化较大。可溶性糖、有机酸、呈味核苷酸和游离氨基酸的总含量均呈下降趋势,等效鲜味浓度值也呈下降趋势(从174.6 g MSG/100 g下降至118.96 g MSG/100 g)。综合挥发性成分和滋味成分变化来看,当熟化温度为90℃时杏鲍菇粉风味最好。展开更多
文摘Purpose: Umami reportedly promotes salivation. We aimed to investigate the effects of taste stimuli on slow and fast salivary secretion in humans using umami, sweet, and sour stimuli. Methods: Eight healthy women participated between 14:00 and 15:00, taking the circadian rhythm of salivary secretion into account. The types and concentrations of the taste solutions were glutamic acid (1.7 × 10<sup>−3</sup> M), inosinic acid (9.8 × 10<sup>−3</sup> M), and guanylic acid (9.8 × 10<sup>−3</sup> M) for umami stimulation, citric acid (6.5 × 10<sup>−3</sup> M) for acidity stimulation, and sucrose (1.6 × 10<sup>−2</sup> M) for sweetness stimulation. First, the unstimulated salivary flow rate was measured. Then, 3 ml of a flavor solution was dropped under the tongue using a syringe. The saliva was expelled into an aluminum cup every minute and weighed. The first minute’s value minus 3 ml flavor solution was the stimulated salivary secretion rate produced by each flavor. The time-to-return to the initial unstimulated salivary flow rate was the duration of the stimulated saliva secretion rate. Results: The mean unstimulated salivary flow rate across participants was 0.64 ± 0.25 ml/min (range: 0.23 - 1.03 ml/min). The highest amount of saliva was induced by citric acid. There were significant differences between citric acid and the other flavor solutions (p < 0.05 for glutamic acid, inosinic acid, and sucrose;p < 0.01 for guanylic acid). There were no significant differences in duration of salivation between the flavor solutions. When the participants were divided into slow (0.45 ± 0.16 ml/min) and fast groups (0.83 ± 0.15 ml/min) based on their median resting salivary secretion rate, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the amount of saliva secreted at 1 minute after stimulation and the duration of the salivary secretion rate. Conclusion: Umami stimulation was effective in slowing salivary secretion and sustaining salivary secretion after stimulation.
文摘为探究冻融循环对食用菌预制菌汤的品质影响,本文以鲜菌汤为参照,对比了冻融过程中微生物数量、菌汤色泽、可溶性蛋白、还原糖、总酚含量等基本指标的变化,并基于超高效液相检测和气相色谱-质谱法分析冻融过程菌汤等鲜度和挥发性风味物质差异。研究表明,首次冻融大幅减少了菌汤的还原糖、总酚和总氨基酸含量,显著降低了菌汤等鲜度和挥发性成分含量,综合影响了菌汤的成分与风味。进一步通过冻融次数(1~5次)之间的对比,反复冻融3次菌汤可溶性蛋白含量相较于冻融1~2次显著降低(P<0.05),此外,等鲜度由1~2次冻融的0.441~0.450 g MSG/100 g直接下降至0.407 g MSG/100 g,同时微生物开始检出。在此后4~5次冻融过程中,虽然菌汤总酚、总氨基酸含量和等鲜度相对稳定,但核苷酸、可溶性蛋白和挥发性成分不断减少且菌落总数不断升高。因此,预制菌汤若需冻融处理则应控制在2次内为宜。
文摘以1.0～3.0 kg/尾的鲢为材料,通过滋味活性值(taste active value,TAV)和味精当量(equivalent uma-mi concentration,EUC)2种滋味表征方法,研究加热对不同体质量鲢肌肉的游离氨基酸和核苷酸的影响。结果表明:不同体质量鲢肌肉游离氨基酸以牛磺酸(Tau)、组氨酸(His)、甘氨酸(Gly)为主,加热导致鲢肌肉中游离氨基酸含量降低。鲢肌肉中组氨酸(His)贡献的苦味明显,谷氨酸(Glu)对鲜味有所贡献,甘氨酸(Gly)和丙氨酸(Ala)对甜味有所贡献。不同体质量鲢肌肉中的核苷酸类物质以肌苷酸(IMP)和肌苷(HxR)为主,加热对鲢肌肉中核苷酸类物质含量影响显著。加热导致鲢肌肉中肌苷酸(IMP)和一磷酸腺苷(AMP)的TAV均有所下降,而次黄嘌呤(Hx)的TAV有所上升,但对鲜味贡献明显的仍是IMP。熟鲢肌肉的EUC随着体质量的增加,呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在2.0 kg时达到最大为31.57 g MSG/100 g。
文摘在栽培条件一致的情况下,测定了’L808’和ww808(子实体无香菇香味)2个香菇菌株子实体的粗蛋白、水解氨基酸、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖(醇)、有机酸和5’-核苷酸的组成及含量,并分析其营养成分和呈味物质的差异。结果表明:’L808’和ww808菌株的氨基酸比值系数分分别为88.98和87.69,’L808’菌株的蛋白质营养价值高于ww808菌株;’L808’菌株可溶性糖(醇)及鲜味氨基酸含量高于ww808菌株,有机酸、甜味氨基酸以及鲜味核苷酸含量较ww808菌株低。综合各种呈鲜成分,’L808’和ww808菌株的等鲜浓度值(EUC)分别为38.70 g MSG/(100 g)和53.38 g MSG/(100 g),ww808菌株鲜味呈鲜效果较’L808’菌株更突出。
文摘该文利用固相微萃取气质联用和高效液相色谱仪考察不同熟化温度(90、100、110、120℃)对杏鲍菇粉挥发性成分和滋味成分的影响。结果表明,随着熟化温度的升高,杏鲍菇粉中挥发性物质种类从33种增加至56种,但挥发性物质总含量从128.44μg/g下降到69.27μg/g,挥发性成分损失较大,其中醇类物质损失最严重(从52.34μg/g下降到1.22μg/g)。具有典型蘑菇气味的1-辛烯-3-醇含量从46.32μg/g下降至0.61μg/g。随着熟化温度的升高,杏鲍菇粉的滋味成分变化较大。可溶性糖、有机酸、呈味核苷酸和游离氨基酸的总含量均呈下降趋势,等效鲜味浓度值也呈下降趋势(从174.6 g MSG/100 g下降至118.96 g MSG/100 g)。综合挥发性成分和滋味成分变化来看,当熟化温度为90℃时杏鲍菇粉风味最好。
