Objective To describe the undernutrition status of children under 5-year in China, and study the trend between 2002 and 2013. Methods The study was based on two national surveys. Undernutrition was determined against ...Objective To describe the undernutrition status of children under 5-year in China, and study the trend between 2002 and 2013. Methods The study was based on two national surveys. Undernutrition was determined against WHO's 2006 growth standards. The prevalence in 2013 and 2002 was weighted by China sixth National Population Census(2010). The relationship between undernutrition and gender/age groups/different areas use weighted logistic regression. Results The results indicated the overall prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting of Chinese children under 5-year was 8.1%, 2.4%, and 1.9% in 2013, respectively. The prevalence of stunting was higher for children aged 12-47 month, while underweight was higher for children aged 48-59 month. The prevalence of undernutrition was higher in rural areas than in urban areas, especially in poor rural areas. There was a decline of stunting, underweight, and wasting between 2002 and 2013 among the children, with greater reduction in rural areas than in urban areas. Conclusion The prevalence of undernutrition of children under 5-year remains high in rural areas especially in poor rural areas in China. It is urgent to take action to control undernutrition in the vulnerable areas and subgroups.展开更多
This study aimed to formulate a nutritive diet enriched with protein, iron and energy for under-five children. It was conducted in Elhosh rural area, Gezira State, Sudan, 2010. The diet was formulated and blended usin...This study aimed to formulate a nutritive diet enriched with protein, iron and energy for under-five children. It was conducted in Elhosh rural area, Gezira State, Sudan, 2010. The diet was formulated and blended using locally available foods, produced at home level, by a twin-roller drum dryer and in biscuit form. The raw materials included pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) sesame (Sesamum indicum) and dates (Phoenix dactylifera). The three products were evaluated for their proximate composition, energy value, iron content and acceptability after storage at (4℃ - 6℃) and at room temperature for 5 months. The protein content of the products was (14.0 - 14.1 g/100g);the energy value ranged from 382 to 390 Kcal/100g, both in-line with many recommendations for children aged under five. The iron content was found in the range of 14.6 - 14.8 mg/100g, in agreement with the codex recommendation. Yeast, mold and salmonella were not detected while other microbes were found within acceptable values. Studied products were found nutritious and remained acceptable after storage for five months. Legumes, sesame seeds and dates can be effectively used in wheat-based baby foods as a source of protein and mineral supplement.展开更多
Diarrhea remains a major cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age in Sub-Saharan countries in Africa. Risk factors for diarrhea vary by context and have important implications for developing appropriate str...Diarrhea remains a major cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age in Sub-Saharan countries in Africa. Risk factors for diarrhea vary by context and have important implications for developing appropriate strategies to reduce the burden of the disease. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea and associated risk factors among children un-der 5 years of age in Kersa district, located in Eastern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1456 randomly selected households with at least one child under 5 years of age. A questionnaire and an observational check list were used for col-lecting information on socio-economic charac-teristics, environmental hygiene and behavioral practices, and occurrence of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age. Logistic regres-sion was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio of 95% confidence interval. The two-week prevalence of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age was 22.5% (95% CI: 20.3-24.6). Improper refuse disposal practices (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.20-4.03), lack of hand washing facilities (OR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.29-2.86), living in rural area (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.12-3.31), the presence of two or more siblings in a household (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.33-2.28), and age of the child (OR= 2.25, 95% CI;1.5-3.36) were the major risk factors for diarrhea. This study demonstrated that diarrhea morbidity was relatively high among children under 5 years of age residing in Eastern Ethiopia. Efforts to reduce childhood diarrhea should focus on improving household sanitation, personal hygiene, and child birth spacing.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Diarrhea diseases remain the second leading cause of death among children under five years globally. Nearly one in every five child deaths, about 1.6 million each yea...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Diarrhea diseases remain the second leading cause of death among children under five years globally. Nearly one in every five child deaths, about 1.6 million each year, are due to diarrhea. Further, diarrhea kills more young children than malaria, measles and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) combined. As a result, better understanding of childhood diarrhea occurrence can perhaps help reduce associated morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, this study conducted a global systematic review on occurrence of childhood diarrhea. The broad objective of this study was to review present and past researches on childhood diarrhea and most importantly for children under 5 years of age. The review focused on understanding the burden of diarrhea, causes of childhood diarrhea and solutions to the disease. A systematic literature review was conducted using the databases of PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Search key terms used were childhood diarrhea, risk factors and intervention practices. Journal articles and related reports were filtered and limited from 2005 to 2020. Sixty-one reports and articles that met inclusion criteria were used in this review. Review found that, childhood diarrhea imposes economic costs on the health system and families. Also, repeated bouts of diarrhea can lead to malnutrition, stunting and delayed brain growth later in life and can lead to stress and tension to the affected households. The dependence on open water sources which are often contaminated with fecal materials was found as the major cause of the rising prevalence of childhood diarrhea. Other important factors were poor hygienic practices and lack of sanitation facilities contribute to the spread of diarrhea diseases. Improvements in the quality of drinking water, sanitation facilities and hygiene practices especially in low and middle income countries have been suggested by many studies as an intervention to reduce childhood diarrhea.</span>展开更多
This study aims to determine the factors related with mothers＇ behaviors in preventing diarrhea in children aged 1-5 years inBuol District. This was a cross-sectional survey design with health belief model as the con...This study aims to determine the factors related with mothers＇ behaviors in preventing diarrhea in children aged 1-5 years inBuol District. This was a cross-sectional survey design with health belief model as the conceptual framework. A total of 300mothers were selected by using purposive sampling method based on criteria. Mothers were interviewed by using astructured questionnaire during October to November 2015. A chi-square （X^2） test was used to determine a significantassociation between independent variables and dependent variable. The finding showed that 68.3% of mothers hadgood behaviors in preventing diarrhea. The factors significantly related to mothers＇ behaviors included perceivedsusceptibility to diarrhea, perceived severity of diarrhea, perceived benefits of diarrhea prevention behaviors, and perceivedbarriers of diarrhea prevention behaviors CP 〈 .01, p 〈 .01, p 〈 .01, and p 〈 .01 respectively）. Further, mothers had highperception to comply with diarrhea prevention behaviors. Those who perceived that diarrhea prevention behaviors werehighly beneficial to their children had good behaviors in preventing diarrhea. However, taking certain actions must considernegative aspects.展开更多
目的探讨FK506结合蛋白5(FK506-binding protein 5,FKBP5)基因多态性与小儿支气管哮喘易感性及糖皮质激素(glucocorticoid,GC)疗效的关系。方法选取2021-04/2023-04月作者医院收治的120例支气管哮喘患儿作为研究对象(哮喘组)。另外将同...目的探讨FK506结合蛋白5(FK506-binding protein 5,FKBP5)基因多态性与小儿支气管哮喘易感性及糖皮质激素(glucocorticoid,GC)疗效的关系。方法选取2021-04/2023-04月作者医院收治的120例支气管哮喘患儿作为研究对象(哮喘组)。另外将同时期来作者医院进行体检的150例健康儿童作为健康组。根据GC疗效不同将支气管哮喘患儿分为良好组(n=92)和不良组(n=28)。采用限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)技术鉴定FKBP5基因rs4713916位点基因分型。采用Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡度检验对样本代表性进行评估。结果健康组和哮喘组FKBP5基因rs4713916位点基因型符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡定律,样本具有代表性(P>0.05)。健康组FKBP5基因rs4713916位点TT(7.33%vs.18.33%)、TC(34.67%vs.37.50%)、CC(58.00%vs.44.17%)基因型频率和T(24.67%vs.37.08%)、C(75.33%vs.62.92%)等位基因频率与哮喘组比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。良好组FKBP5基因rs4713916位点TT(7.61%vs.53.57%)、TC(40.22%vs.28.57%)、CC(52.17%vs.17.86%)基因型频率和T(27.72%vs.67.86%)、C(72.28%vs.32.14%)等位基因频率与不良组比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。FKBP5基因rs4713916位点TT基因型患儿治疗前后第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、FEV1/FVC的差值低于TC、CC基因型患儿,且TC基因型低于CC基因型(P均<0.05)。结论FKBP5基因rs4713916位点多态性与小儿支气管哮喘易感风险和GC疗效有关,且携带TT基因型患儿对GC治疗的敏感性更差。展开更多
文摘Objective To describe the undernutrition status of children under 5-year in China, and study the trend between 2002 and 2013. Methods The study was based on two national surveys. Undernutrition was determined against WHO's 2006 growth standards. The prevalence in 2013 and 2002 was weighted by China sixth National Population Census(2010). The relationship between undernutrition and gender/age groups/different areas use weighted logistic regression. Results The results indicated the overall prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting of Chinese children under 5-year was 8.1%, 2.4%, and 1.9% in 2013, respectively. The prevalence of stunting was higher for children aged 12-47 month, while underweight was higher for children aged 48-59 month. The prevalence of undernutrition was higher in rural areas than in urban areas, especially in poor rural areas. There was a decline of stunting, underweight, and wasting between 2002 and 2013 among the children, with greater reduction in rural areas than in urban areas. Conclusion The prevalence of undernutrition of children under 5-year remains high in rural areas especially in poor rural areas in China. It is urgent to take action to control undernutrition in the vulnerable areas and subgroups.
文摘This study aimed to formulate a nutritive diet enriched with protein, iron and energy for under-five children. It was conducted in Elhosh rural area, Gezira State, Sudan, 2010. The diet was formulated and blended using locally available foods, produced at home level, by a twin-roller drum dryer and in biscuit form. The raw materials included pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) sesame (Sesamum indicum) and dates (Phoenix dactylifera). The three products were evaluated for their proximate composition, energy value, iron content and acceptability after storage at (4℃ - 6℃) and at room temperature for 5 months. The protein content of the products was (14.0 - 14.1 g/100g);the energy value ranged from 382 to 390 Kcal/100g, both in-line with many recommendations for children aged under five. The iron content was found in the range of 14.6 - 14.8 mg/100g, in agreement with the codex recommendation. Yeast, mold and salmonella were not detected while other microbes were found within acceptable values. Studied products were found nutritious and remained acceptable after storage for five months. Legumes, sesame seeds and dates can be effectively used in wheat-based baby foods as a source of protein and mineral supplement.
文摘Diarrhea remains a major cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age in Sub-Saharan countries in Africa. Risk factors for diarrhea vary by context and have important implications for developing appropriate strategies to reduce the burden of the disease. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea and associated risk factors among children un-der 5 years of age in Kersa district, located in Eastern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1456 randomly selected households with at least one child under 5 years of age. A questionnaire and an observational check list were used for col-lecting information on socio-economic charac-teristics, environmental hygiene and behavioral practices, and occurrence of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age. Logistic regres-sion was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio of 95% confidence interval. The two-week prevalence of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age was 22.5% (95% CI: 20.3-24.6). Improper refuse disposal practices (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.20-4.03), lack of hand washing facilities (OR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.29-2.86), living in rural area (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.12-3.31), the presence of two or more siblings in a household (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.33-2.28), and age of the child (OR= 2.25, 95% CI;1.5-3.36) were the major risk factors for diarrhea. This study demonstrated that diarrhea morbidity was relatively high among children under 5 years of age residing in Eastern Ethiopia. Efforts to reduce childhood diarrhea should focus on improving household sanitation, personal hygiene, and child birth spacing.
文摘目的:先天性出生缺陷是中国5岁以下儿童疾病负担的主要来源。本研究旨在通过分析1990年至2019年间中国5岁以下儿童不同先天性出生缺陷的疾病负担变化趋势,为加强出生缺陷综合防治提供科学依据。方法:基于2019年全球疾病负担研究(global burden disease,GBD)数据库,选取1990年至2019年中国5岁以下儿童先天性出生缺陷的发病率、死亡率及伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALYs)率作为评价指标,采用Joinpoint回归模型分析1990年至2019年30年间,不同类型先天性出生缺陷疾病负担的变化趋势,并按性别比较5岁以下儿童先天性出生缺陷疾病负担的差异。结果:与1990年相比,2019年中国5岁以下儿童先天性心脏异常(1931.91/10万)、先天性消化系统畸形(364.63/10万)、神经管畸形(277.20/10万)、先天性肌肉骨骼和肢体异常(133.33/10万)及唐氏综合征(128.22/10万)的DALYs率分别降低了70.78%、71.61%、86.21%、36.84%及73.65%。1990年至2019年,中国5岁以下儿童不同先天性出生缺陷的死亡率和DALYs率总体上均呈下降趋势,但先天性消化系统畸形和唐氏综合征的发病率分别在2005年和2001年后开始呈现逐渐上升趋势;除先天性肌肉骨骼和肢体异常外,其余几类出生缺陷的发病率均是男童高于女童。结论:1990年至2019年中国5岁以下儿童先天性出生缺陷的疾病负担大幅度下降,但先天性心脏异常疾病负担仍很严重且有些出生缺陷的发病率有上升趋势,需继续加强儿童出生缺陷的防治并根据其性别特征提出针对性措施。
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Diarrhea diseases remain the second leading cause of death among children under five years globally. Nearly one in every five child deaths, about 1.6 million each year, are due to diarrhea. Further, diarrhea kills more young children than malaria, measles and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) combined. As a result, better understanding of childhood diarrhea occurrence can perhaps help reduce associated morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, this study conducted a global systematic review on occurrence of childhood diarrhea. The broad objective of this study was to review present and past researches on childhood diarrhea and most importantly for children under 5 years of age. The review focused on understanding the burden of diarrhea, causes of childhood diarrhea and solutions to the disease. A systematic literature review was conducted using the databases of PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Search key terms used were childhood diarrhea, risk factors and intervention practices. Journal articles and related reports were filtered and limited from 2005 to 2020. Sixty-one reports and articles that met inclusion criteria were used in this review. Review found that, childhood diarrhea imposes economic costs on the health system and families. Also, repeated bouts of diarrhea can lead to malnutrition, stunting and delayed brain growth later in life and can lead to stress and tension to the affected households. The dependence on open water sources which are often contaminated with fecal materials was found as the major cause of the rising prevalence of childhood diarrhea. Other important factors were poor hygienic practices and lack of sanitation facilities contribute to the spread of diarrhea diseases. Improvements in the quality of drinking water, sanitation facilities and hygiene practices especially in low and middle income countries have been suggested by many studies as an intervention to reduce childhood diarrhea.</span>
文摘This study aims to determine the factors related with mothers＇ behaviors in preventing diarrhea in children aged 1-5 years inBuol District. This was a cross-sectional survey design with health belief model as the conceptual framework. A total of 300mothers were selected by using purposive sampling method based on criteria. Mothers were interviewed by using astructured questionnaire during October to November 2015. A chi-square （X^2） test was used to determine a significantassociation between independent variables and dependent variable. The finding showed that 68.3% of mothers hadgood behaviors in preventing diarrhea. The factors significantly related to mothers＇ behaviors included perceivedsusceptibility to diarrhea, perceived severity of diarrhea, perceived benefits of diarrhea prevention behaviors, and perceivedbarriers of diarrhea prevention behaviors CP 〈 .01, p 〈 .01, p 〈 .01, and p 〈 .01 respectively）. Further, mothers had highperception to comply with diarrhea prevention behaviors. Those who perceived that diarrhea prevention behaviors werehighly beneficial to their children had good behaviors in preventing diarrhea. However, taking certain actions must considernegative aspects.
文摘目的探讨FK506结合蛋白5(FK506-binding protein 5,FKBP5)基因多态性与小儿支气管哮喘易感性及糖皮质激素(glucocorticoid,GC)疗效的关系。方法选取2021-04/2023-04月作者医院收治的120例支气管哮喘患儿作为研究对象(哮喘组)。另外将同时期来作者医院进行体检的150例健康儿童作为健康组。根据GC疗效不同将支气管哮喘患儿分为良好组(n=92)和不良组(n=28)。采用限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)技术鉴定FKBP5基因rs4713916位点基因分型。采用Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡度检验对样本代表性进行评估。结果健康组和哮喘组FKBP5基因rs4713916位点基因型符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡定律,样本具有代表性(P>0.05)。健康组FKBP5基因rs4713916位点TT(7.33%vs.18.33%)、TC(34.67%vs.37.50%)、CC(58.00%vs.44.17%)基因型频率和T(24.67%vs.37.08%)、C(75.33%vs.62.92%)等位基因频率与哮喘组比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。良好组FKBP5基因rs4713916位点TT(7.61%vs.53.57%)、TC(40.22%vs.28.57%)、CC(52.17%vs.17.86%)基因型频率和T(27.72%vs.67.86%)、C(72.28%vs.32.14%)等位基因频率与不良组比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。FKBP5基因rs4713916位点TT基因型患儿治疗前后第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、FEV1/FVC的差值低于TC、CC基因型患儿,且TC基因型低于CC基因型(P均<0.05)。结论FKBP5基因rs4713916位点多态性与小儿支气管哮喘易感风险和GC疗效有关,且携带TT基因型患儿对GC治疗的敏感性更差。
