Road traffic crash data are useful tools to support the development, implementation, and assessment of highway safety programs that tend to reduce road traffic crashes. Collecting road traffic crash data aims at gaini...Road traffic crash data are useful tools to support the development, implementation, and assessment of highway safety programs that tend to reduce road traffic crashes. Collecting road traffic crash data aims at gaining a better understanding of road traffic operational problems, locating hazardous road sections, identifying risk factors, developing accurate diagnosis and remedial measures, and evaluating the effectiveness of road safety programs. Furthermore, they can be used by many agencies and businesses such as: law enforcements to identify persons at fault in road traffic crashes;insurers seeking facts about traffic crash claims;road safety researchers to access traffic crash reliable database;decision makers to develop long-term, statewide strategic plans for traffic and highway safety;and highway safety administrators to help educate the public. Given the practical importance of vehicle crash data, this paper presents an overview of the sources, trends and problems associated with road traffic crash data.展开更多
A new two-parameter count distribution is derived starting with probabilistic arguments around the gamma function and the digamma function. This model is a generalization of the Poisson model with a noteworthy assortm...A new two-parameter count distribution is derived starting with probabilistic arguments around the gamma function and the digamma function. This model is a generalization of the Poisson model with a noteworthy assortment of qualities. For example, the mean is the main model parameter;any possible non-trivial variance or zero probability can be attained by changing the other model parameter;and all distributions are visually natural-shaped. Thus, exact modeling to any degree of over/under-dispersion or zero-inflation/deflation is possible.展开更多
Background:The adoption of climate-smart agricultural(CSA)practices is expected to improve farmers’adaptation to climate change and also increase yields while simultaneously curbing greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.This ...Background:The adoption of climate-smart agricultural(CSA)practices is expected to improve farmers’adaptation to climate change and also increase yields while simultaneously curbing greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.This paper explores the determinants of smallholder farmers’participation in GHG-emitting activities.It also estimates the impact of CSA activities on reducing GHG emissions.Methods:The findings are based on survey data obtained from 350 smallholder farmers in the East Gonja district of Northern Ghana.We adopted the generalized Poisson regression model in identifying factors influencing farmers’participation in the GHG emission practices and inverse-probability-weighted regression adjustment(IPWRA)to estimate the impact of CSA adoption on GHG emissions.Results:Most farming households engaged in at least one emission activity.The findings of the generalized Poisson model found that wealthier households,higher education,and households with access to extension services were less likely to participate in GHG emission activities.There was also evidence that CSA adoption significantly reduces GHG emissions.Conclusion:Advocacy in CSA adoption could be a necessary condition for environmental protection through the reduction of GHG emissions.展开更多
文摘Road traffic crash data are useful tools to support the development, implementation, and assessment of highway safety programs that tend to reduce road traffic crashes. Collecting road traffic crash data aims at gaining a better understanding of road traffic operational problems, locating hazardous road sections, identifying risk factors, developing accurate diagnosis and remedial measures, and evaluating the effectiveness of road safety programs. Furthermore, they can be used by many agencies and businesses such as: law enforcements to identify persons at fault in road traffic crashes;insurers seeking facts about traffic crash claims;road safety researchers to access traffic crash reliable database;decision makers to develop long-term, statewide strategic plans for traffic and highway safety;and highway safety administrators to help educate the public. Given the practical importance of vehicle crash data, this paper presents an overview of the sources, trends and problems associated with road traffic crash data.
文摘A new two-parameter count distribution is derived starting with probabilistic arguments around the gamma function and the digamma function. This model is a generalization of the Poisson model with a noteworthy assortment of qualities. For example, the mean is the main model parameter;any possible non-trivial variance or zero probability can be attained by changing the other model parameter;and all distributions are visually natural-shaped. Thus, exact modeling to any degree of over/under-dispersion or zero-inflation/deflation is possible.
文摘Background:The adoption of climate-smart agricultural(CSA)practices is expected to improve farmers’adaptation to climate change and also increase yields while simultaneously curbing greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.This paper explores the determinants of smallholder farmers’participation in GHG-emitting activities.It also estimates the impact of CSA activities on reducing GHG emissions.Methods:The findings are based on survey data obtained from 350 smallholder farmers in the East Gonja district of Northern Ghana.We adopted the generalized Poisson regression model in identifying factors influencing farmers’participation in the GHG emission practices and inverse-probability-weighted regression adjustment(IPWRA)to estimate the impact of CSA adoption on GHG emissions.Results:Most farming households engaged in at least one emission activity.The findings of the generalized Poisson model found that wealthier households,higher education,and households with access to extension services were less likely to participate in GHG emission activities.There was also evidence that CSA adoption significantly reduces GHG emissions.Conclusion:Advocacy in CSA adoption could be a necessary condition for environmental protection through the reduction of GHG emissions.
