Bibliometric analysis of research challenges and trends in urban underground space

The utilization and development of urban underground space play a crucial role in optimizing the layout of civic architecture and enhancing the urban ecological environment,which contributes toward increasing the overall carrying capacity and promoting sustainable development in megacities.To delve into the research progress of urban underground space,knowledge maps were created using the information visualization software VOSviewer.The literature was systematically extracted from three prominent databases,namely,Web of Science,Scopus,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure.According to the bibliometric analysis of the co-citation and core words co-occurrence,the trends and challenges of research on urban underground space were identified.As highlighted by the results obtained,it still remains highly challenging to achieve interdisciplinary collaboration in urban underground space research;the research trends of urban underground space consist of collaborative planning and whole life cycle sustainable development,multisource geological data informatization and resource evaluation,infrastructure design optimization,and intelligent construction.The knowledge map,drawn using bibliometric methods,offers a quantitative analysis of literature retrieval across various levels.It is recognized as an essential tool for exploring and identifying challenges and trends in urban underground space.

Influence of underground space development mode on the groundwater flow field in Xiong’an new area

The degree and scale of underground space development are growing with the continuous advancement of urbanization in China.The lack of research on the change of the groundwater flow field before and after the development of underground space has led to various problems in the process of underground space development and operation.This paper took the key development zone of the Xiong’an New Area as the study area,and used the Groundwater modeling system software(GMS)to analyse the influence on the groundwater flow field under the point,line,and surface development modes.The main results showed that the underground space development would lead to the expansion and deepening of the cone of depression in the aquifer.The groundwater level on the upstream face of the underground structure would rise,while the water level on the downstream face would drop.The“line”concurrent development has the least impact on the groundwater flow field,and the maximum rise of water level on the upstream side of the underground structure is expected to be approximately 3.05 m.The“surface”development has the greatest impact on the groundwater flow field,and the maximum rise of water level is expected to be 7.17 m.

Development of urban underground space in coastal cities in China:A review

The development of urban underground space is a critical way to alleviate the lack of urban resources,and improve environmental conditions as well as residents'quality of life,which has important practical significance.As the most densely populated and economically developed areas,coastal cities face many challenges in underground space development owing to their unique environmental geological conditions.This study examined the current situation of underground space development,academic research,technology application,evaluation methods,planning,and legislation in coastal cities in China.On this basis,it analyzed the future development trends,and presented reasonable suggestions for the critical scientific and technical problems faced by the development of underground space in coastal cities.The key suggestions are as follows:it is necessary to define and clarify the critical geological issues,distributions,and hazards that affect underground space development and major engineering construction in coastal cities;the land-sea integrated detection technology for sea crossing bridges and submarine tunnels needs to be studied;in evaluating the suitability of underground space in coastal cities,the land and sea area evaluation factors should be integrated;and the evaluation system of landsea integration needs to be established.

An experimental study on fire characteristics of urban complex underground space based on BIM

Compared with the space on the ground,if there is a fire in the urban complex underground space,the loss will be greatly harmful.In addition,the complex underground space is usually connected with other large space areas and densely populated.Once a fire occurs in the complex underground space,it will cause huge property losses and casualties.In order to reduce the risk of fire,it is necessary to deeply understand the development rules and characteristics of fire in the complex underground space of the city.This article has mainly carried on the following work:(I)A particularly complex model of the multi‐storey subway station was built.On this basis,three groups of comparative experiments were conducted to study the effects of fire power,fire location and smoke control system on fire development,and the conclusion that fire location is the most important factor for fire development was obtained;(II)In order to explore the entire space fire and the local space fire,CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)is used to build a large‐size fire model and a small‐size fire model respectively;(III)Multiple detector data as temperature slices were built,and it is expected to make full use of the simulation data to deduce the important index of fire location in the early stage of fire.All of the works in this paper will provide reference experimental data for the prevention and firefighting of a sudden fire in the complex underground space.

Design Strategy of Underground Space of Urban Rail Transit Complex Based on Integration Concept

With the accelerated development and utilization of urban underground space,the underground space design of complex based on rail transit has attracted much attention.By sorting out the integration concept and constructing the logical framework of integrated design,the integrated design strategy is proposed from the aspects of function,transportation,space and environment on the urban scale,and the evaluation points of integrated design effect are put forward from the aspects of accessibility,coordination,openness and symbolism.

Evaluation of urban underground space resources using a negative list method: Taking Xi'an City as an example in China

Utilization of urban underground space has become a vital approach to alleviate the strain on urban land resources,and to optimize the structure and pattem of the city.It is also very important to improve the city environment,build livable city and increase the capacity of the city.Based on the analysis of existing evaluation methods and their problems,a method for evaluating underground space resources based on a negative list of adverse factors affecting underground space development is proposed,to be primarily used in urban planning stages.A list of the adverse factors is established,including limiting factors,constraining factors and influencing factors.Taking Xi'an as an example,using a geographical information system platform,a negative list of adverse factors for the underground space resources in Xi'an City are evaluated,and preventive measures are proposed.Natural resources,exploitable resources,and the potential growth of exploitable underground space resources are evaluated.Underground space assessment in the different development stages of the city,collaborative utilization and safety evaluation for multiple subsurface resources,environmental impact and assessment,as well as evaluation methods based on big data and intelligent optimization algorithms are all discussed with the aim of serving city planning and construction.

RELATION BETWEEN THE MRT BUILDING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE EXPLOITATION——A Case in Guangzhou City

On the basis of analyzing the history and characteristics of the undergroundspace exploitation and the urban space development in Guangzhou, and making a thorough study on theunderground space exploitation based on the subway building, this paper points out some mam problemsin the exploitation of underground space in Guangzhou, and emphasizes that Guangzhou must developthe underground space on a large scale with the aid of the subway building, and puts forward aproposal on the urban space coordinate development between on-ground and underground in GuangzhouCity.

Assessing the Sustainability of Underground Space Usage——A Toolkit for Testing Possible Urban Futures

A description of the future as it might be without forecasts, predictions and trend analysis can be referred to as a 'future scenario'. An abundance of scenarios literature exists in which numerous pictures have been painted of changed future worlds. However, upon closer inspection it becomes apparent that virtually all of this literature refers to changes occurring above ground, ignoring the inevitable consequences (or opportunities) for sustainable use of underground space, not least in densely populated urban areas, some of which may be underlain by complex geological conditions. This paper reports on the development (to date) of an 'Urban Futures' (UF) toolkit for sub-surface environments (including infrastructure and utilities) which, through use of 'key' questions 'sustainable' indicators and a 'contextual' narrative, allows for better definition and measured performance of underground space in the UK, both today and in the future. The toolkit explores possible uses for underground space within 4 plausible and well-cited future scenarios (i.e. New Sustainability Paradigm, Fortress World, Market Forces and Policy Reform). This forms part of a much larger generic toolkit which the UF research team are developing for exploring possible future scenarios over a range of UK urban regeneration case study areas.

The theoretical research on localization using improved particle filter for mine rescue robot in unknown underground space

The localization for mine rescue robot in unknown space of coal mine emer- gency was researched,basing on the requirement of mine rescue robot localization which enters the scene of the coal mine accident,unknown circumstance,the unstructured, non-Gaussian and nonlinear work-space for robot works.The localization using particle filter was proposed to which is applied in mine rescue robot in unknown under-ground space.Meanwhile,focusing on severe particle sample degeneracy in the primary particle filter,an improved particle filter was proposed to reinforce the stability of particle filter.Be- ing compared with localization using extended Kalman filter through simulation experiment the localization using particle filter is proved to have more locating accuracy in unknown underground space and better computational real-time ability,which solves the pre-local- ization problem of robot underground.

Underground Space Landscape Design of Business Zone B of Shanghai World Expo

Business Zone B of Shanghai World Expo is the dynamic cluster area of well-known enterprise headquarters,and it has created the scheme layout of integrated design above and below ground according to regional planning characteristics and the characteristics of the times.The underground space landscape design of Business Zone B of Shanghai World Expo is a typical case of underground space development in China,and the summary of design strategy is helpful for improving underground space landscape design level in China.The existing problems in landscape design of Business Zone B of Shanghai World Expo are found through fi eld investigation,and the law of underground space landscape design in Business Zone B is summarized.Due to the fact that the development of underground space can not be reversed,the optimization design strategy of underground space landscape,such as strengthening the connectivity of underground space,enriching the sunken square and courtyard,and creating good physical environment of underground space,is put forward to improve the status quo of underground space environment.The construction level of underground space landscape in China has been constantly improving.As long as the urban planning is reasonable and pays attention to the application of integrated design of ground and underground,architectural technology and art combination in underground space environment,the construction of urban underground space landscape will become more ecological,humanized and diversifi ed.

A Hygienic Survey of the Environment of Underground Space and Buildings

Full utilization of underground space and buildings could have positive economic and social effects. However, the microclimate and air quality must be well controlled so that they are not harmful to human health. This survey indicated that relative humidity is a common hygienic problem in underground space and buildings. Attention should be paid to humidity control and to the strengthening of routine ventilation at the construction stage. Carbon dioxide can be used as a hygiene index of air pollution; the sanitary standard for it in the air of underground buildings is 10%. The hygienic survey shows that the concentration of carbon dioxide is usually below this standard in the environments of underground space and buildings. (c)1989 Academic Press,Inc.

Primary Study on the Index System of Underground Space Utilization in Urban Parks

The feasibility of underground space utilization in urban parks, the function and scale of underground space were explored, also the role, composition, quantification of the index system of underground space utilization in urban parks were analyzed, and the corresponding conceptual framework of index system were proposed.

Status Quo and Problems of Underground Space Researches

With the intensifying urbanization and the increasing demands for land resources, urban development is gradually expanding into the underground. Rational development and design of underground space can not only improve use efficiency of land, relieve land use pressure, but also facilitate people's living and improve urban environment. Analysis of the status quo and problems of underground space design researches in China, and the directions of future underground space research and development will contribute to the development and design of underground space. On the basis of reviewing research papers in the past decades, the contents of underground space researches were divided into 10 major categories, the current contents of underground space researches in China and existing problems were analyzed, and it was proposed that the future underground space design researches should be based on traditional research contents and methods, use advanced technologies such as information technology, show the interdisciplinary cooperation, pay attention to human feelings, protection and continuation of cultural context, and adhere to green and sustainable development with consistent innovation and progress.

Exploration and Practice of Underground Space Design Guided by Green Idea in China

With the continuous deterioration of living environment, green building has become the development trend of architecture, however, usage of urban land is saturated with the development of the city. Thus, the development of underground space has attracted more and more attention, and it is of great significance to introduce green idea into the design of underground space in China. This paper is dedicated to research the exploration and development of green idea in design of underground space in China which can be divided into three stages: budding stage, exploration stage and rapid development stage. To realize ecological green space and sustainable development, diversifi ed and systematic development of green idea in design of underground space is an inevitable trend in China.

The characteristics of DC electric field in the whole underground space

The mine direct current method is more and more popular in the practical application.The study of the response characteristics of the underground full space direct current electric field has certain guiding significance for the practical application.In this paper,through numerical simulation,the potential characteristics of different abnormal body distribution are studied,and the potential characteristic curves under various models are summarized.This paper also makes a specific study on the existence of the roadway,and analyzes the influence of the roadway on the characteristics of abnormal body potential.The results show that the potential response curve of DC method can well reflect the position of abnormal body,while the vertical accuracy of electrical method data is reduced when there is tunnel influence.The above research enriches the DC exploration theory of the mine and provides guidance for the DC exploration of the whole underground space.

Characters of Urban Development and Its Spatial Morphology Underground Space Influences on Urban

Underground building with such major functions as underground traffic, commerce, culture and recreation, especially the multifunctional underground large-scale public complex, has become a significant part of the overaU functional structure or even the core of a city. Therefore, the expression of the architectural appearance, and characters of underground building, as well as the integration between the building and its external environment constitute an important part in improving overall functional structure and optimizing cityscape. From the perspective of space and environment shaping, the author explores the architectural appearance, and characters of underground building and its external environment, provides several basic design patterns with further discussion.

Analysis of Geotechnical Engineering Safety Technology in Urban Underground Space Construction

With the accelerating pace of urbanization,the development and application of urban underground space has attracted much attention.In the construction of urban underground space,geotechnical engineering safety is the key point for construction.Based on this,this paper analyzes the application of geotechnical engineering safety technology in urban underground space construction,in hope that this analysis can provide a scientific reference for the rational application of geotechnical engineering safety technology as well as the construction and development of urban underground space.

Study on the Current Situation of Urban Integration of Aboveground Space and Underground Space:Under the Background of China’s Land Spatial Planning

Urban underground public space has a synergistic effect with its surrounding urban aboveground functions or facilities,which reflects the complementarity between underground functions and urban functions.The research analyses the degree of integration through the case study of urban aboveground space and underground space in China.The research method of this paper will give different evaluation criteria to public transport and public space and the influencing factors of space integration.The indicators of public transport include the number of subway lines and underground parking spaces.The evaluation standard of public space is the area of underground space and the number of floors of underground space.The subway entrance and exits are selected as the evaluation index for the aboveground and underground transition space.Through the specific analysis of 7 selected cases,it provides arguments for the research.The average rent in the case is taken as the dependent variable.Through the regression model,the influencing factors of the integration of aboveground and underground space are determined.The purpose of the study is to explore the influencing factors of the integration of aboveground space and underground space,and how to optimize the integration of aboveground and underground space.

Risk Assessment of Coal Mine Water Hazard Based on Three-Dimensional Model of Geology and Underground Space

Mine safety have top-five disasters,which including the water,gas,fire,dust and geological dynamic disaster.The coal mine water disaster is one of the important factors which restricted the development of China’s coal production.It is showed by statistics that 60%of mine accidents are affected by groundwater,which not only result in the production losses,casualties and a variety of

Research on Combined Construction Technology for Cross-Subway Tunnels in Underground Spaces

Given the increasingly notable segmentation of underground space by existing subway tunnels, it is dif- ficult to effectively and adequately develop and utilize underground space in busy parts of a city. This study presents a combined construction technology that has been developed for use in underground spaces; it includes a deformation buffer layer, a special grouting technique, jump excavation by compart- ment, back-pressure portal frame technology, a reinforcement technique, and the technology of a steel portioning drum or plate. These technologies have been successfully used in practical engineering. The combined construction technology presented in this paper provides a new method of solving key techni- cal problems in underground spaces in effectively used cross-subway tunnels. As this technology has achieved significant economic and social benefits, it has valuable future applications.