This work proposes a geographic routing protocol for UWSNs based on the construction of a 3D virtual grid structure, called Void-Avoidance Grid-based Multipath Position-based Routing (VA-GMPR). It consists of two main...This work proposes a geographic routing protocol for UWSNs based on the construction of a 3D virtual grid structure, called Void-Avoidance Grid-based Multipath Position-based Routing (VA-GMPR). It consists of two main components, the multipath routing scheme and the grid-based void avoidance (GVA) mechanism for handling routing holes. The multipath routing scheme adopts node-disjoint routes from the source to the sink in order to enhance network reliability and load balancing. While the GVA mechanism handles the problem of holes in 3D virtual grid structure based on three techniques: Hole bypass, path diversion, and path backtracking. The performance evaluation of the VA-GMPR protocol was compared to a recently proposed grid-based routing protocol for UWSNs, called Energy-efficient Multipath Geographic Grid-based Routing (EMGGR). The results showed that the VA-GMPR protocol outperformed the EMGGR protocol in terms of packet delivery ratio, and end-to end-delay. However, the results also showed that the VA-GMPR protocol exhibited higher energy consumption compared to EMGGR.展开更多
针对水下传感器网络中节点能耗不均衡和能量有限的问题,提出一种能耗均衡与节能的自适应水下路由协议ECBES(energy consumption balanced and energy saving adaptive underwater routing protocol)。构建双区非均匀分层拓扑。基于能耗...针对水下传感器网络中节点能耗不均衡和能量有限的问题,提出一种能耗均衡与节能的自适应水下路由协议ECBES(energy consumption balanced and energy saving adaptive underwater routing protocol)。构建双区非均匀分层拓扑。基于能耗均衡因子,利用拓扑和节点剩余能量计算节点转发优先级,实现自适应转发节点选择,均衡网络能耗。与此同时,通过候选转发区域各分区域中节点参与转发数据包的比例确定次优候选转发区域,将次优候选转发区域作为初始策略,利用策略迭代思想确定最优候选转发区域,保证投递率的同时减少不同网络规模中重复数据包的转发,降低网络的整体能耗。仿真结果表明,ECBES相比VBF、ES-VBF和ALRP,在不同节点数量下,节点死亡率均最低,在保证数据包投递率的同时,能耗最少。展开更多
随着水下应用的不断拓展,水下传感器网络被认为是更有潜能的探索工具。传感器网络在水下环境的应用中,为设备充电极其困难,因此路由协议中能耗问题尤为重要,其中以DBR(Depth-Based Routing)协议为例,没有充分考虑到转发跳数问题,在能耗...随着水下应用的不断拓展,水下传感器网络被认为是更有潜能的探索工具。传感器网络在水下环境的应用中,为设备充电极其困难,因此路由协议中能耗问题尤为重要,其中以DBR(Depth-Based Routing)协议为例,没有充分考虑到转发跳数问题,在能耗方面缺少一定考量。同时水下环境的高延迟、高吸收性导致传感器之间数据传输具有不稳定性,提出一种基于蚁群算法的梯度传输水下机会路由协议(Directional Gradient Transmission for Opportunistic Routing Protocol Based on Ant Colony Algorithm in UWSNs,DGOR),利用蚁群算法协调网络能耗,采用机会路由和梯度解决水下条件的高延迟等。仿真对比结果表明,DGOR协议能减少能量消耗,有效延长网络生命周期。展开更多
文摘This work proposes a geographic routing protocol for UWSNs based on the construction of a 3D virtual grid structure, called Void-Avoidance Grid-based Multipath Position-based Routing (VA-GMPR). It consists of two main components, the multipath routing scheme and the grid-based void avoidance (GVA) mechanism for handling routing holes. The multipath routing scheme adopts node-disjoint routes from the source to the sink in order to enhance network reliability and load balancing. While the GVA mechanism handles the problem of holes in 3D virtual grid structure based on three techniques: Hole bypass, path diversion, and path backtracking. The performance evaluation of the VA-GMPR protocol was compared to a recently proposed grid-based routing protocol for UWSNs, called Energy-efficient Multipath Geographic Grid-based Routing (EMGGR). The results showed that the VA-GMPR protocol outperformed the EMGGR protocol in terms of packet delivery ratio, and end-to end-delay. However, the results also showed that the VA-GMPR protocol exhibited higher energy consumption compared to EMGGR.
文摘针对水下传感器网络中节点能耗不均衡和能量有限的问题,提出一种能耗均衡与节能的自适应水下路由协议ECBES(energy consumption balanced and energy saving adaptive underwater routing protocol)。构建双区非均匀分层拓扑。基于能耗均衡因子,利用拓扑和节点剩余能量计算节点转发优先级,实现自适应转发节点选择,均衡网络能耗。与此同时,通过候选转发区域各分区域中节点参与转发数据包的比例确定次优候选转发区域,将次优候选转发区域作为初始策略,利用策略迭代思想确定最优候选转发区域,保证投递率的同时减少不同网络规模中重复数据包的转发,降低网络的整体能耗。仿真结果表明,ECBES相比VBF、ES-VBF和ALRP,在不同节点数量下,节点死亡率均最低,在保证数据包投递率的同时,能耗最少。
文摘随着水下应用的不断拓展,水下传感器网络被认为是更有潜能的探索工具。传感器网络在水下环境的应用中,为设备充电极其困难,因此路由协议中能耗问题尤为重要,其中以DBR(Depth-Based Routing)协议为例,没有充分考虑到转发跳数问题,在能耗方面缺少一定考量。同时水下环境的高延迟、高吸收性导致传感器之间数据传输具有不稳定性,提出一种基于蚁群算法的梯度传输水下机会路由协议(Directional Gradient Transmission for Opportunistic Routing Protocol Based on Ant Colony Algorithm in UWSNs,DGOR),利用蚁群算法协调网络能耗,采用机会路由和梯度解决水下条件的高延迟等。仿真对比结果表明,DGOR协议能减少能量消耗,有效延长网络生命周期。