Tailoring the texture and mechanical properties of 3%Y_(2)O_(3)p/ZGK200 composites fabricated by unidirectional and cross rolling followed by annealing

3%Y_(2)O_(3)p/ZGK200 composites were subjected to unidirectional rolling(UR)and cross rolling(CR)at 400℃and 350℃followed by annealing at 300℃for 1 h.The microstructure,texture and mechanical properties of rolled and annealed composites were systematically studied.The rolled composites exhibited a heterogeneous microstructure,consisting of deformed grains elongated along rolling direction(RD)and Y_(2)O_(3)particles bands distributed along RD.After annealing,static recrystallization(SRX)occurred and most deformed grains transformed into equiaxed grains.A non-basal texture with two strong T-texture components was obtained after UR while a non-basal elliptical/circle texture with circle multi-peaks was obtained after CR,indicating that rolling path had great influences on texture of the composites.After annealing process,R-texture component disappeared or weakened,as results,a non-basal texture with double peaks tilting from normal direction(ND)to transverse direction(TD)and a more random non-basal texture with circle multi-peaks were obtained for UR and CR composites,respectively.The yield strength of rolled composites after UR showed obvious anisotropy along RD and TD while a low anisotropic yield strength was obtained after CR.Some Y_(2)O_(3)particles broke during rolling.The fracture of the composites was attributed to the existence of Y_(2)O_(3)clusters and interfacial debonding between particles and matrix during tension,as a result,the ductility was not as superior as matrix alloy.

An extended social force model on unidirectional flow considering psychological and behavioral impacts of hazard source

An accurate assessment of the evacuation efficiency in case of disasters is of vital importance to the safety design of buildings and street blocks.Hazard sources not only physically but psychologically affect the pedestrians,which may further alter their behavioral patterns.This effect is especially significant in narrow spaces,such as corridors and alleys.This study aims to integrate a non-spreading hazard source into the social force model following the results from a previous experiment and simulation,and to simulate unidirectional pedestrian flows over various crowd densities and clarity–intensity properties of the hazard source.The integration include a virtual repulsion force from the hazard source and a decay on the social force term.The simulations reveal(i)that the hazard source creates virtual bottlenecks that suppress the flow,(ii)that the inter-pedestrian push forms a stabilisation phase on the flow-density curve within medium-to-high densities,and(iii)that the pedestrians are prone to a less orderly and stable pattern of movement in low clarity–intensity scenarios,possibly with lateral collisions passing the hazard source.

Unidirectional Negative Refraction at an Exceptional Point of Acoustic P T-Symmetric Systems

We demonstrate a method to realize unidirectional negative refraction in an acoustic parity-time(P T)-symmetric system, which is composed of a pair of metasurfaces sandwiching an air gap. The pair of metasurfaces possesses loss and gain modulations. The unidirectional negative refraction, which is strictly limited to the case of incident wave imposing on the loss end of the metasurface, is demonstrated at the exception point(EP) in this P T-symmetric system, while the incidence from the other side leads to strong reflection. Based on rigorous calculations, we explicitly show the underlying mechanism of this model to achieve unidirectional wave scatterings around the EP in the parametric space. In addition, the perfect imaging of a point source in the three-dimensional space, as a signature of negative refraction, is simulated to provide a verification of our work. We envision that this work may sharpen the understanding of P T-symmetric structures and inspire more acoustic functional devices.

Absorbable and unidirectionally compressible intestine-intestine stapler

Inventors:Xiujun Cai,Mingyu Chen,Chen Lu,Yifan Wang,Diyu Huang,Hepan Zhu,Yibin Zhu,Bin Zhang Applicant:Zhejiang University,Zhejiang,China Patent No.:US 10,980,541 B2 Date of Patent:Apr.20,2021 An absorbable and unidirectionally compressible intestinal anastomosis device includes a first through pipe portion and a second through pipe portion including large ends and small ends,respectively;the large ends are used for fixing an intestinal canal,and the small end of the second through pipe portion is inserted into the small end of the first through pipe portion.The two large ends are drawn close to each other to achieve an intestineeintestine anastomosis.The outer sides of circular rings at the ends of the small ends of the first through pipe portion and the second through pipe portion are provided with gradually expanded elastic horn-shaped openings.The device can make two stapled intestinal canals rest relatively,thereby avoiding adjustments required in other assembly modes.

Textural Evolution of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Sheets Undergoing Repeated Unidirectional Bending at Room Temperature

In this paper, repeated unidirectional bending （RUB）, was applied to improve the texture of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets so as to enhance their stamping properties. The samples undergoing RUB were annealed at different temperatures. The mechanical properties, formability, textural components and microstructure of the samples before and after RUB were characterized and compared. It was found that the basal textural component was reduced dramatically by RUB, and that （1212） and （1211） textural components appeared. Annealing has a great effect on the mechanical properties of samples undergoing RUB. The plasticity and stamping formability of samples were greatly improved by RUB and annealing at 260℃ for 1 h, and elongation to fracture and Erichsen value were increased to 38% and 67%, respectively.

Continuous unidirectional solidification of QAl9-4 Cu-Al alloy

A continuous unidirectional solidification equipment with the advantages of electric slag remelting, induction heating, continuous casting and unidirectional solidification was built to study the QAl9 4 Cu Al alloy. The results show that the electro slag induction continuous unidirectional solidification process can be used for the steady continuous unidirectional solidification of QAl9 4, and revitalizes the down pulling continuous unidirectional solidification process; that the temperature distribution in the mold wall reflects that of the molten metal in the mold, thus the temperature distribution in the mold wall can be used to control the electric slag induction continuous unidirectional solidification process; and that the mutual matching of the technological parameters is the key to stabilize the solidification process.

Mechanism of reduction of columnar dendrite spacing in unidirectional solidification caused by electric current passing through solid liquid interface

Considering the S L interface morphology stability, the S L interface energy, the Joule heat produced by electric current at the S L interface, and the change of solute concentration at the S L interface indirectly caused by electric current, the mechanism of reduction of columnar dendrite spacing in unidirectional solidification caused by electric current passing through solid liquid interface was studied. The following conclusions can be drawn that: 1) under sub rapid solidification condition, increasing electric current density will improve the stability of S L interface, thus decreasing the columnar dendrite spacing; 2)there are two ways by which the increase of electric current decreases the columnar dendrite spacing, one is promoting the splitting of the protruding tips at the S L interface, the other is promoting the forming of new convex parts at the bottom of the concave interface.[

Fabrication of pure copper rods containing continuous columnar crystals by continuous unidirectional solidification technology

Pure copper rods containing continuous columnar crystals were fabricatedusing the downward CUS (Continuous Unidirectional Solidification) equipment. When the technologicalparameters were set as the ranges of mould temperature 1100-1300℃, cooling distance (the distancefrom the exit of the cast mould to the start point of cooling) 10-20 mm, casting speed 0.2-2.5 mm/s,cooling water (20-25℃) volume 1000-1320 L/h, and when these parameters matched reasonably, the CUSprocess was performed stably, and pure copper rods containing continuous columnar crystals withbright and smooth surface were produced. The dendritic arm spacing of the crystals in copper rodsdecreased with increasing the casting speed. The results of the texture by X-ray diffractionanalysis showed that the rods has strong <100> fiber texture.

WAYS OF STABILIZING CONTINUOUS UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION PROCESS AND VERIFICATION TESTS

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A simple method for solving unidirectional methane gas flow in coal seam based on similarity solution

The equation used to model the unidirectional flow of methane gas in coal seams is usually formulated as a nonlinear partial differential equation, which needs to be solved numerically with a computer program.Nevertheless, for people without access to the computer program, the conventional numerical method may be inconvenient. Thus, the objective here is to seek some method simpler than the conventional one for solving the flow problem. A commonly used model of the unidirectional methane gas flow is considered, where the methane adsorption is described by the Langmuir isotherm and the free gas is treated as real gas. By introducing the similarity solution, a simple method for solving the flow model is proposed, which can be done on a hand calculator. It is shown by two examples that the gas pressure profile obtained by the proposed method agrees well with the direct numerical solution of the flow model.

Macrostructure and properties of thin walled copper tubes prepared by the downward continuous unidirectional solidification method

The macrostructure and properties of the thin walled copper tube prepared by the downward continuous unidirectional solidification （DCUS） method were studied. The result shows that the macrostructure is closely related to the solid-liquid interface profile, which is influenced by the distance between the cooling water location and the solidification front. The mechanical properties of the thin walled copper tube prepared by the DCUS method are near those of the normal cast copper, and it has good relative density, electrical conductivity, and elongation, which are not greatly affected by casting speed. The thin walled copper tube prepared by the DCUS method also has good processing properties that can be taken to further drawing procedures directly without an intermediate process, and obtains good mechanical properties with the total processing rate of 89.8%.

Driving Mechanism of Cotton Comber's Detaching Roller Based on Time-Sharing Unidirectional Drive

The high-speed reciprocating motion of a detaching roller limits the velocity of a cotton comber and affects the quality of comber slivers. The article has proposed a controllable time-sharing unidirectional hybrid drive mechanism after analyzing detaching roller's current numerical control drive method. The analysis focuses on the detaching roller motion required according to cotton comber's velocity and process. The double-servo motors of the mechanism consists of differential gear trains. The mechanism addresses the problem of increased servo motor power,and failure of promptly responded to the positive inversion process of mechanism driven by servo motors. A velocity calculation model of the detaching roller controllable drive mechanism will be generated by using superposition method and design of differential gear trains. The accuracy of the model will be verified using the test platform. This study has presented a reliable and practical high-speed drive mechanism and can be a reference to future studies on high-speed reciprocating motion drive.

Inhibition effect of swelling characteristics of expansive soil using cohesive non-swelling soil layer under unidirectional seepage

Cohesive non-swelling soil(CNS)cushion technology is widely used to solve swelling deformation problems in expansive soil areas.However,the swelling inhibition mechanism is still not fully understood.In this study,the inhibition effect on expansive soil using a CNS layer was studied by performing five types of laboratory model tests under unidirectional seepage.The results showed that CNS cushion technology produced a sound inhibition effect on the swelling characteristics of expansive soil.It was shown that the cations in the CNS layer moved downward and accumulated on the surface of solids and produced an electrical environment inside the expansive soil.In this process,the adsorbed hydrated cations participated in ion exchange with the expansive soil,leading to the modification effect on its swelling potential.Meanwhile,the adsorbed water membrane surrounding the expansive soil aggregates formed by the hydrated cations obstructed further adsorption of water molecules,which inhibited the swelling development of expansive soil.Therefore,the swelling inhibition mechanism can be attributed to three factors:(i)modification effect,(ii)electrical environment,and(iii)deadweight of the CNS layer.The combined contribution of modification effect and electrical environment can be considered as an electric charge effect,which mainly controls the swelling characteristics of expansive soil.

A Twin Unidirectional Impulse Turbine for Wave Energy Conversion—Effect of Fluidic Diode on the Performance

As a system using a conventional unidirectional air turbine in oscillating water column (OWC) based on a wave energy plant, a twin unidirectional impulse turbine topology has been suggested in previous studies. However, the average efficiency of the suggested twin turbine is considerably lower than that of a conventional unidirectional turbine in this topology because reciprocating air flow can’t be rectified adequately by a unidirectional turbine. In order to improve the efficiency, using fluidic diode is discussed. In this study, two different fluidic diodes were discussed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and a wind tunnel test. Further, its usefulness is discussed from a view point of the turbine efficiency. The fluidic diode was shown to improve rectification of the topology. However, it needs more improvement in regards to its energy loss in order to enhance the turbine efficiency.

Unidirectional plasmonic Bragg reflector based on longitudinally asymmetric nanostructures

Plasmonic Bragg reflectors are essential components in plasmonic circuits.Here we propose a novel type of plasmonic Bragg reflector, which has very high reflectance for the right-side incidence and meanwhile has extremely large absorption for the left-side incidence.This device is composed of longitudinally asymmetric nanostructures in a metal–insulator–metal waveguide.In order to efficiently analyze, design, and optimize the reflection and transmission characteristics of the proposed device, we develop a semi-analytic coupled-mode model.Results show that the reflectance extinction ratio between plasmonic modes incident from the right-side and the left-side reaches 11 dB.We expect this device with such striking unidirectional reflection performance can be used as insulators in nanoplasmonic circuits.

A New D-GCL for Unidirectional Motion with Large Displacement

Numerical simulations of unsteady flow problems with moving boundaries commonly require the use of geometric conservation law(GCL).However,in cases of unidirectional large mesh deformation,the cumulative error caused by the discrete procedure in GCL can significantly increase,and a direct consequence is that the calculated cell volume may become negative.To control the cumulative error,a new discrete GCL(D-GCL)is proposed.Unlike the original D-GCL,the proposed method uses the control volume analytically evaluated according to the grid motion at the time level n,instead of using the calculated value from the D-GCL itself.Error analysis indicates that the truncation error of the numerical scheme is guaranteed to be the same order as that obtained from the original D-GCL,while the accumulated error is greatly reduced.For validation,two challenging large deformation cases including a rotating circular cylinder case and a descending GAW-(1)two-element airfoil case are selected to be investigated.Good agreements are found between the calculated results and some other literature data,demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed D-GCL for unidirectional motions with large displacements.

Analysis on Critical Force of Unidirectional CFRP Slender Column

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer(CFRP) has such characteristics as light weight, high strength and corrosion resistance, so it is suitable for corrosive environment and large-span structures. This study investigated the stability of CFRP slender column, whose slenderness is greater than Euler’s critical load. The columns in this study were formed by a two-step process and the fiber direction was along the same direction of column axis. Firstly, we obtained the basic mechanical properties of the material by tensile experiment. Then, we studied the critical force of 10 CFRP columns with different lengths and widths by axial compression test. Finally, by comparing Euler’s formula with the modified Euler formula and combining with existing literature and experimental result of this paper, we proposed a modified Perry formula which could well predict the critical force of unidirectional CFRP extruded column and could be used for CFRP extruded column research and engineering design.

INTERFACE MORPHOLOGIES AND SOLUTE SEGREGATION OF Al-Li ALLOY 8090 DURING UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION

The solid-liquid interface morphology and solute segregation behaviour of AI-Li alloy 8090 during unidirectional solidification were studied by the liquid metal quenehing method under varied processing conditions.When solidification rate,R<O.13 or>O.75 mm/min (temper- ature gradient,G_L=130℃/cm),the structure revealed of planar or dendritic interface respectively.With the increase of R,the interface morphology becomes cellular from planar gradually,within a narrow range.And the greater the R,the,finer the dendrite.Segregation of element Cu and impurity elements Fe and Si are quite severe,the interface morphology markedly influences on solute segregation.During solidification at coarse dendrite interface, their segregation ratios are rather great and solidified structure is coarse.

Unidirectional rotation of circles driven by chiral active particles

The dynamics of two-dimensional rigid circles filled with chiral active particles are investigated by employing the overdamped Langevin dynamics simulations. Unidirectional rotation of rigid circles is observed, and the rotational angular velocity（ω） relies mainly on the length（l）, the number（nB）, and tilt angle（γ） of boards, and the angular velocity（ω）and area fraction（ρ） of chiral active particles. There are optimum values for these parameters at which the average angular velocity of circle reaches its maximum. The center-of-mass mean square displacement for circles drops by about two orders of magnitude for large angular velocity ω of chiral active particles with oscillations in the short-time regime. Our work demonstrates that nanofabricated objects with suitable designs immersed in a bath of chiral active particles can extract and rectify energy in a unidirectional motion.

Unidirectional expansion of lattice parameters in GaN induced by ion implantation

This paper reports that the 150-keV Mn ions are implanted into CaN thin film grown on A1203 by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition. The X-ray diffraction reciprocal spacing mapping is applied to study the lattice parameter variation upon implantation and post-annealing. After implantation, a significant expansion is observed in the perpendicular direction. The lattice strain in perpendicular direction strongly depends on ion fluence and implantation geometry and can be partially relaxed by post-annealing. While in the parallel direction, the lattice parameter approximately keeps the same as the unimplanted GaN, which is independent of ion fluence, implantation geometry and post-annealing temperature.