Isotopic dependence of the yield ratios of light fragments from different projectiles and their unified neutron skin thicknesses

The yield ratios of neutron-proton(R(n/p))and^(3)H-^(3)He(R(^(3)H∕^(3)He))with reduced rapidity from 0 to 0.5 were simulated at 50 MeV/u even-even ^(36−56)Ca+^(40)Ca,even-even ^(48−78)Ni+^(58)Ni,and ^(100−139)Sn(every third isotopes)+112 Sn for full reduced impact parameters using the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics(IQMD)model.The neutron and proton density distributions and root-mean-square radii of the reaction systems were obtained using the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock model,which was used for the phase space initialization of the projectile and target in IQMD.We defined the unified neutron skin thickness asΔRnp=<r^(2)>^(1∕2) n−<r^(2)>^(1∕2)p,which was negative for neutron-deficient nuclei.The unifiedΔRnp values for nuclei with the same relative neutron excess from different isotopic chains were nearly equal,except for extreme neutron-rich isotopes,which is a type of scaling behavior.The yield ratios of the three isotopic chain-induced reactions,which depended on the reduced impact parameter and unified neutron skin thickness,were studied.The results showed that both R(n/p)and R(^(3)H∕^(3)He)decreased with a reduced impact parameter for extreme neutron-deficient isotopes;however,they increased with reduced impact parameters for extreme neutron-rich isotopes,and increased with theΔRnp of the projectiles for all reduced impact parameters.In addition,a scaling phenomenon was observed betweenΔR np and the yield ratios in peripheral colli-sions from different isotopic chain projectiles(except for extreme neutron-rich isotopes).Thus,R(n/p)and R(^(3)H∕^(3)He)from peripheral collisions were suggested as experimental probes for extracting the neutron or proton skin thicknesses of non-extreme neutron-rich nuclei from different isotopic chains.

CHINA’S PUSH FOR UNIFIED NATIONAL MARKET BRINGS NEW OPPORTUNITIES

In recent years,China has implemented measures to advance the building of a unified national market,aiming to boost domestic demand and consolidate the foundations of its economic recovery.In March 2022,the Chinese government issued a guideline on accelerating the construction of a unified national market.The issue was also a focus at the annual Central Economic Work Conference held in December 2023.

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^(E)技术结合UNIFI筛查平台分析加味逍遥丸化学成分

目的运用高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱法(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^(E))对加味逍遥丸的化学成分进行分析与鉴定,为复方质量控制及药效物质基础研究提供理论依据。方法采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm,Waters),以0.1%甲酸水-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,进样量5μL,流速0.3 mL·min^(-1),柱温40℃。采用电喷雾离子源,在正、负2种模式下进行复方质谱检测与分析,并且使用UNIFI平台对MS^(E)模式下采集的质谱数据,结合化合物准分子离子、质谱裂解途径及标准品进行结构确认。结果通过分析目标化合物的分子离子峰和二级质谱特征碎片离子,并且结合标准品裂解规律以及相关文献资料,共鉴定了其中78个化学成分,包括3个倍半萜类成分、4个苯丙素类成分、13个单萜类成分、7个酚类成分、5个环烯醚萜类成分、10个黄酮类成分、23个三萜类成分及13个其他类成分。结论运用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^(E)技术可快速分析鉴定复方加味逍遥丸的主要化合物类型,可为复方质量控制及药效物质基础研究提供理论依据。

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE技术结合UNIFI软件建立不同地黄炮制品的特征图谱方法

目的:通过UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^(E)技术联合UNIFI软件建立不同地黄炮制品的半定量分析方法。方法:采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱;以乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱;柱温为40℃;流速为0.3 mL/min。采用电喷雾离子源,分别在正、负离子模式下采集数据,通过UNIFI软件中的TCM数据库、对照品比对以及参考相关文献鉴定其化学成分。以升麻素苷为内标,以酒蒸地黄样品为半定量样品,在正离子模式下对具有合适线性相关系数的22个成分进行精密度和稳定性考察,并对地黄不同炮制品中22个成分进行半定量分析。结果:22个成分在药材浓度为0.7617~15.2340 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好;方法学考察结果均良好。结论:该方法稳定可靠,可为进一步制定地黄不同炮制品的质量标准提供实验依据。

Fundamental Issues Towards Unified Design Theory of Recycled and Natural Aggregate Concrete Components

In the past 20 years,recycled aggregate concrete(RAC),as a type of low-carbon concrete,has become a worldwide focus of research.However,the design methodology for RAC structural components remains a challenge.Consequently,demands for a unified design of natural aggregate concrete(NAC)and RAC components have been presented.Accordingly,this study analyses the necessity of a unified design theory and provides an in-depth demonstration of the strength determination,compressive constitutive relationship,and design method of concrete components.The coefficient of variation of RAC strength is found to be generally higher than that of NAC strength.The compressive and tensile strengths of RAC can be defined and determined using the same method as that used for NAC.The uniaxial compressive constitutive relationship between NAC and RAC has a unified mathematical expression.However,the elastic modulus of RAC decreases,and its brittleness exhibits an increasing trend compared with that of NAC.Finally,to unify the design formulae of RAC and NAC components for bearing capacity,modification factors for RAC components are proposed considering safety and reliability.Additionally,the feasibility of the proposed unified time-dependent design theory is demonstrated in terms of conceptual design and structural measures considering the effects of strength degradation and reinforcement corrosion.It is believed that this study enriches and develops the basic theory of concrete structures.

Monoidal Hom-unified积与monoidal Hom-Hopf代数的可裂扩张

从monoidal Hom-Hopf代数的分裂扩张的观点出发,对monoidal Hom-unified积进行等价刻画,即一个monoidal Hom-Hopf代数(E,β)同构于一个monoidal Hom-unified积(A■H,α■γ)当且仅当存在一个可裂单的monoidal Hom-Hopf代数同态i:(A,α)→(E,β).

Fractional derivative statistical damage model of unsaturated expansive soil based on unified hydraulic effect

Unsaturated expansive soil is widely distributed in China and has complex engineering properties.This paper proposes the unified hydraulic effect shear strength theory of unsaturated expansive soil based on the effective stress principle,swelling force principle,and soil–water characteristics.Considering the viscoelasticity and structural damage of unsaturated expansive soil during loading,a fractional hardening–damage model of unsaturated expansive soil was established.The model parameters were established on the basis of the proposed calculation method of shear strength and the triaxial shear experiment on unsaturated expansive soil.The proposed model was verified by the experimental data and a traditional damage model.The proposed model can satisfactorily describe the entire process of the strain-hardening law of unsaturated expansive soil.Finally,by investigating the damage variables of the proposed model,it was found that:(a)when the values of confining pressure and matric suction are close,the coupling of confining pressure and matric suction contributes more to the shear strength;(b)there is a damage threshold for unsaturated expansive soil,and is mainly reflected by strength criterion of infinitesimal body;(c)the strain hardening law of unsaturated expansive soil is mainly reflected by fractional derivative operator.

Analysis and Power Quality Improvement in Hybrid Distributed Generation System with Utilization of Unified Power Quality Conditioner

This paper presents a comprehensive study that includes the sizing and power flow by series and parallel inverters in a distributed generation system(DGs)that integrates the system of hybrid wind photovoltaic with a unified power quality conditioner(UPQC).In addition to supplying active power to the utility grid,the system of hybrid wind photovoltaic functions as a UPQC,compensating reactive power and suppressing the harmonic load currents.Additionally,the load is supplied with harmonic-free,balanced and regulated output voltages.Since PVWind-UPQC is established on a dual compensation scheme,the series inverter works like a sinusoidal current source,while the parallel inverter works like a sinusoidal voltage source.Consequently,a smooth alteration from interconnected operating modes to island operating modes and vice versa can be achieved without load voltage transients.Since PV-Wind-UPQC inverters handle the energy generated through the hybrid wind photovoltaic system and the energy demanded through the load,the converters should be sized cautiously.A detailed study of the flow of power via the PV-Wind-UPQC is imperative to gain a complete understanding of the system operation and the proper design of the converters.Thus,curves that allow the sizing of the power converters according to the power flow via the converters are presented and discussed.Simulation results are presented to assess both steady state and dynamic performances of the grid connected hybrid system of PV-Wind-UPQC.This investigation is verified by simulating and analyzing the results with Matlab/Simulink.

Scavenging Microwave Wireless Power:A Unified Model,Rectenna Design Automation,and Cutting-Edge Techniques

While sufficient review articles exist on inductive short-range wireless power transfer(WPT),long-haul microwave WPT(MWPT)for solar power satellites,and ambient microwave wireless energy harvesting(MWEH)in urban areas,few studies focus on the fundamental modeling and related design automation of receiver systems.This article reviews the development of MWPT and MWEH receivers,with a focus on rectenna design automation.A novel rectifier model capable of accurately modeling the rectification process under both high and low input power is presented.The model reveals the theoretical boundary of radio frequency-to-direct current(dc)power conversion efficiency and,most importantly,enables an automated system design.The automated rectenna design flow is sequential,with the minimal engagement of iterative optimization.It covers the design automation of every module(i.e.,rectifiers,matching circuits,antennae,and dc–dc converters).Scaling-up of the technique to large rectenna arrays is also possible,where the challenges in array partitioning and power combining are briefly discussed.In addition,several cutting-edge rectenna techniques for MWPT and MWEH are reviewed,including the dynamic range extension technique,the harmonics-based retro-directive technique,and the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer technique,which can be good complements to the presented automated design methodology.

Unified Understanding of Cosmological Energy Fields: Exploring Gravitation, Repulsion, and More

First, we develop a unitary process that can explain all four physical activations: electromagnetic wave, electromagnetic force, repulsion, and attraction. Second, it is clarified that cosmological and physical entities relate to different levels of existence in the universe and, hence, cannot be considered under the same paradigm. We know that biological entities use physical substances as executants;analogously, physical entities use cosmological substances as executants. Therefore, we have introduced new terms for the cosmological substances used as executants in physical activities. Third, this study introduces the primary elements of the cosmological world, such as visibility, forcibility, fullness, and hollowness, and defines them according to their attributes. This study explains how different combinations and placements of primary elements create different cosmological fields. These fields are used in all physical activations. Finally, we explain the entity model and how all physical activations occur. This study concludes that all physical activations use primary elements and follow the same universal law. Therefore, this study addresses the untouched subject of the creation of repulsion and attraction (gravitation). Furthermore, it addresses several cosmic mysteries that are yet to be resolved.

Reachable set estimation for discrete-time Markovian jump neural networks with unified uncertain transition probability

This paper focuses on the reachable set estimation for Markovian jump neural networks with time delay.By allowing uncertainty in the transition probabilities,a framework unifies and enhances the generality and realism of these systems.To fully exploit the unified uncertain transition probabilities,an equivalent transformation technique is introduced as an alternative to traditional estimation methods,effectively utilizing the information of transition probabilities.Furthermore,a vector Wirtinger-based summation inequality is proposed,which captures more system information compared to existing ones.Building upon these components,a novel condition that guarantees a reachable set estimation is presented for Markovian jump neural networks with unified uncertain transition probabilities.A numerical example is illustrated to demonstrate the superiority of the approaches.

An Outline of the Grand Unified Theory of Gauge Fields

This paper attempts to propose a grand unified guiding principle of gauge fields from the mathematical and physical picture of fiber bundles: it is believed that our universe may have more fundamental interactions than the four fundamental interactions, and the gauge fields of these fundamental interactions are just a unified gauge potential on the fiber bundle manifold or the components connected to the bottom manifold, that is, our universe;these components can meet the transformation of gauge potential, and even can be transformed from a fundamental interaction gauge potential to another fundamental interaction gauge potential, and can be summarized into a unified equation, namely the expression of the generalized gauge equation, corresponding to the gauge transformation invariance;so gauge transformation invariance is a necessary condition to unify field theory, but quantization of field is not a necessary condition;the four (or more) fundamental interaction fields of the universe are unified into a universal gauge field defined by the connection of the principal fiber bundle on the cosmic base manifold.

Research and Practice on High Availability Scheme of Unified Identity Authentication System Based on CAS in Colleges and Universities

Unified identity authentication has become the basic information service provided by colleges and universities for teachers and students. Security, stability, high concurrency and easy maintenance are our requirements for a unified identity authentication system. Based on the practical work experience of China University of Geosciences (Beijing), this paper proposes a high availability scheme of unified identity authentication system based on CAS, which is composed of multiple CAS Servers, Nginx for load balancing, and Redis as a cache database. The scheme has been practiced in China University of Geosciences (Beijing), and the application effect is good, which has practical reference significance for other universities.

UPLC-Q-TOF MS^E技术结合UNIFI数据库筛查方法快速分析巴戟天化学成分

采用UPLC-Q-TOF MS^E技术结合UNIFI数据库筛查方法对巴戟天中的化学成分进行了快速鉴定。对于已知化合物,利用其名称、分子式、结构式等信息补充完善UNIFI数据库,进行数据筛查,依据其精确分子质量、特征离子、中性丢失、MS/MS裂解规律、色谱保留行为等信息,结合对照品信息和文献报道等对其进行验证;对于未知成分,根据其精确分子质量、质谱裂解碎片、色谱保留行为以及已知同类化合物的特征碎片,对其进行结构表征。本实验共鉴定出110个化合物,包括8个寡糖类、12个环烯醚萜类、58个蒽醌类化合物和32个其他类化合物;推断出8个未知化合物,包括1个有机酸、2个苷类化合物、5个环烯醚萜类成分,其中4个是潜在的新化合物,另外4个为巴戟天中首次发现的化合物。该方法可对巴戟天药材中的化学成分进行快速、全面的分析,为巴戟天药材的质量控制和药效物质基础研究奠定基础。

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^E技术结合UNIFI数据库快速定性分析补气通络颗粒的化学成分

目的应用超高效液相色谱联用四级杆飞行时间质谱仪(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^E)结合UNIFI数据平台对补气通络颗粒的化学成分进行快速定性分析。方法应用时间依赖型MSE法采集样品质谱数据,结合自动检出及人工核对方法分析补气通络颗粒的化学成分。结果通过UNIFI数据库自动检测结果、搜索在线和离线数据库以及人工核对相关文献,鉴定黄酮类、皂苷类、萜类、酯类、氨基酸和酚酸类共72种化合物。其中,7种来自红芪,14种来自三七,24种来自泽泻,9种来自当归,2种来自川芎,6种来自蝉蜕,6种来自郁金,4种来自桂枝。结论本方法可快速定性分析补气通络颗粒的多种化学成分,为补气通络颗粒的质量控制、药效物质基础解析、作用机制阐明和组分配伍中药的开发提供参考。

基于OPC Unified Architecture的服务器研究

首先介绍现有OPC规范以及其存在的不足,然后介绍OPC基金会即将推出的OPCUnifiedArchitecture规范,并重点研究OPCUnifiedArchitecture服务器的实现机制及方法,通过与现有OPC规范的比较,揭示OPCUA在平台无关性、可互操作性、可靠性等方面的显著优势。

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^E技术结合UNIFI筛查平台快速分析补骨脂化学成分

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE)联用技术结合UNIFI筛查平台对补骨脂提取物的化学成分进行分析鉴定。利用UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE技术采集补骨脂甲醇提取物的质谱数据,并通过UNIFI筛查平台结合各化合物的相对保留时间、精确分子质量、分子式、特征碎片与文献数据及标准品信息,共鉴定出补骨脂提取物中的44种化合物,包括28种黄酮类、10种香豆素类、2种单萜类和4种其他成分化合物,其中12种成分为首次在补骨脂中发现。该方法可为进一步研究补骨脂的质量控制、药效物质基础、药理作用等奠定基础。

UPLC-Q-TOF/MS技术结合UNIFI数据库快速分析止痛化癥胶囊的化学成分

目的:对止痛化癥胶囊(简称"ZTHZC")中的化学成分进行快速鉴定,为进一步阐明其药效物质基础和全面质量控制提供参考。方法:采用超高效液相色谱与飞行时间质谱联用(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)技术对ZTHZC中化学成分进行分离。通过查阅ZTHZC化学成分及其单味中草药的化学成分相关的文献报道,将化学成分的化学结构保存成.mol格式的文件,补充完善UNIFI数据库。通过UNIFI数据库筛查,对ZTHZC中化学成分进行定性分析,依据其精确分子质量、特征离子、中性丢失、二级质谱裂解规律、色谱保留行为以及结合对照品信息和文献报道等对其进行验证。结果:共鉴定出了70个化学成分,包括38个有机酸及有机酸酯类、8个生物碱类、9个黄酮类、5个三萜皂苷类、5个醛类、2个酮类、1个醌类、1个聚炔类和1个单萜类化合物。结论:建立的方法能快速检测、鉴定ZTHZC的化学成分,本研究结果为其质量控制、药效物质基础的阐明提供了科学依据。

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^E技术结合UNIFI筛查平台快速分析刺梨籽中化学成分

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS E)联用技术结合UNIFI筛查平台对刺梨籽提取物的化学成分进行分析鉴定。利用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS E技术采集刺梨籽甲醇提取物乙酸乙酯部位的质谱数据,并通过UNIFI筛查平台结合各化合物的相对保留时间、精确分子质量、分子式、特征性碎片离子以及相关文献数据,共鉴定出刺梨籽提取物中的55种化合物,包括19种黄酮和36种三萜类化合物。该方法可为进一步研究刺梨籽的药效物质基础及其作用机制提供数据支持。

UPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS^E结合UNIFI快速分析华蟾素注射液化学成分

采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源-四级杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS)结合UNIFI天然产物信息平台快速分析华蟾素注射液化学成分。利用QTOF/MS非信息依赖扫描的MS^E模式采集复杂组分质谱信息,将采集的质谱数据文件和自建化学成分库导入UNIFI,进行智能匹配,随后使用MassLynx工作站逐个核对。本实验共辨识76个化学成分,其中蟾蜍二烯羟酸内酯类36个、生物碱类12个(包括1种新成分)、小分子肽类13个、有机酸类7个、酰胺类4个、甾醇类2个、其他类2个。本方法能快速分离、分析华蟾素注射液复杂组分,为该制剂的毒-效成分及质量控制研究奠定了基础。