Nonintubated uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for primary spontaneous pneumothorax

Objective： The objective of the current study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of nonintubated nniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery （VATS） for the management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax （PSP）. Methods： From November 2011 to June 2013, 32 consecutive patients with PSP were treated by nonintubated uniportal thoracoscopic bullectomy using epidnral anaesthesia and sedation without endotracheal intubation. An incision 2 cm in length was made at the 6th intercostal space in the median axillary line. The pleural space was entered by blunt dissection for placement of a soft incision protector. Instruments were then inserted through the incision protector to perform thoracoscopic bullectomy. Data were collected within a minimum follow-up period of 10 months. Results： The average time of surgery was 49.0 rain （range, 33-65 rain）. No complications were recorded. The postoperative feeding time was 6 h. The mean postoperative chest tube drainage and hospital stay were 19.3 h and 41.6 h, respectively. The postoperative pain was mild for 30 patients （93.75%） and moderate for two patients （6.25%）. No recurrences ofpneumothorax were observed at follow-up. Conclusions： The initial results indicated that nonintubated uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic operations are not only technically feasible, but may also be a safe and less invasive alternative for select patients in the management of PSP. This is the first report to include the use of a nonintubated uniportal technique in VATS for such a large number of PSP cases. Further work and development of instruments are needed to define the applications and advantages of this technique.

Uniportal Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery and Outcomes for Recurrent Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax: Single-Institution Experience

Introduction: Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is relatively common condition in young adults. Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (uniportal VATS) has been accepted as a less invasive technique for the treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Strong evidence suggests that Uniportal VATS procedures are technically feasible and safe with excellent outcomes comparable to conventional VATS approach. Objectives: This article aims to discuss our experience with uniportal thoracoscopic approach as a valuable option in patients with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. Study Design: A retrospective study analysis between January 2014 and December 2016. Materials and Methods: From January 2014 to December 2016, 22 consecutive patients with unilateral recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax were to undergo uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (uniportal VATS). Their chronic residual postoperative pain, hospital stay and recurrence rate were analyzed. Results: Twenty-two patients with unilateral recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax were included;all received uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (uniportal VATS) and mechanical pleurodesis. Conclusions: We conclude that uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (uniportal VATS) demonstrated benefits to patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax a safe, effective and also faster recovery, and decreased postoperative pain and short hospital stay.

Middle lobe torsion after right upper and lower lobectomy:repositioning of lobar torsion using a3-cm uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

We aimed to describe a method for repositioning of right middle lobar torsion by using a 3-cm uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) approach. Middle lobe torsion occurred after right upper and lower lobectomy in a 74-year-old man. Immediate re-exploratory thoracotomy using the 3-cm uniportal VATS approach was performed. The torsion was corrected, and the lobe was anchored to the anterior chest wall with Prolene stitches. The patient recovered well postoperatively with daily improvements in chest radiographic findings. Follow-up examination was performed using fiberbronchoscopy, which revealed an unobstructed right middle lobe bronchus and sticky yellow sputum. Follow-up chest computed tomography was performed 3 months after the primary surgery and revealed increased expansion of the right middle lobe. We repositioned the right middle lobe successfully by using the 3-cm uniportal VATS approach, but more cases are needed to confirm the feasibility of the approach. Lobectomy remains the primary treatment option for such cases.

Video-assisted thoracic surgery―the past, present status and the future

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has developed very rapidly in these two decades, and has replaced conven-tional open thoracotomy as a standard procedure for some simple thoracic operations as well as an option or a complementary procedure for some other more complex operations. In this paper we will review its development history, the present status and the future perspectives.

Application of video-assisted thoracic surgery in the standard operation for thoracic tumors

Objective: To evaluate the short-term outcomes of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for thoracic tumors. Methods: The data of 1,790 consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed. These patients underwent VATS pulmonary resections, VATS esophagectomies, and VATS resections of mediastinal tumors or biopsies at the Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2009 and January 2012. Results: There were 33 patients converted to open thoracotomy (OT, 1.84%). The overall morbidity and mortality rate was 2.79% (50/1790) and 0.28% (5/1790), respectively. The overall hospitalization and chest tube duration were shorter in the VATS lobectomy group (n=949) than in the open thoracotomy (OT) lobectomy group (n=753). There were no significant differences in morbidity rate, mortality rate and operation time between the two groups. In the esophageal cancer patients, no significant difference was found in the number of nodal dissection, chest tube duration, morbidity rate, mortality rate, and hospital length of stay between the VATS esophagectomy group (n=81) and open esophagectomy group (n=81). However, the operation time was longer in the VATS esophagectomy group. In the thymoma patients, there was no significant difference in the chest tube duration, morbidity rate, mortality rate, and hospital length of stay between the VATS thymectomy group (n=41) and open thymectomy group (n=41). However, the operation time was longer in the VATS group. The median tumor size in the VATS thymectomy group was comparable with that in the OT group. Conclusions: In early-stage (I/II) non-small cell lung cancer patients who underwent lobectomies, VATS is comparable with the OT approach with similar short-term outcomes. In patients with resectable esophageal cancer, VATS esophagectomy is comparable with OT esophagectomy with similar morbidity and mortality. VATS thymectomy for Masaoka stage I and II thymoma is feasible and safe, and tumor size is not contraindicated. Longer follow-ups are needed to determine the oncologic equivalency of VATS lobectomy, esophagectomy, and thymectomy for thymoma vs. OT.

Partial removal of the pulmonary artery in video-assisted thoracic surgery for non-small cell lung cancer

Lobectomy with partial removal of the pulmonary artery in video-assisted thoracic surgery （VATS） currently remains a challenge for thoracic surgeons. We were interested in introducing pulmonary vessel blocking techniques in open thoracic surgery into video-assisted thoracic surgery （VATS） procedures. In this study, we reported a surgical technique simultaneously blocking the pulmonary artery and the pulmonary vein for partial removal of the pulmonary artery under VATS. Seven patients with non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC） received lobectomy with partial removal of the pulmonary artery using the technique between December 2007 and March 2012. Briefly, rather than using a small clamp on the distal pulmonary artery to the area of invading cancer, we replaced a vascular clamp with a ribbon and Hem-o-lock clip to block the preserved pulmonary veins so as to prevent back bleeding and yield a better view for surgeons. The mean occlusion time of the pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins were 44.0±10.0 and 41.3±9.7 minutes, respectively. The mean repair time of the pulmonary artery was 25.3±13.7 minutes. No complications occurred. No patients showed abnormal blood flow through the reconstructed vessel. There were no local recurrences on the pulmonary artery. In conclusion, the technique for blocking the pulmonary artery and veins is feasible and safe in VATS and reduces the risk of abrupt intraoperative bleeding and the chance of converting to open thoracotomy, and extends the indications of VATS lobectomy.

Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery as a Less-Invasive Management for Acute Hemothorax in Blunt Trauma

Purpose: We report our experience of Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) to treat acute blunt traumatic hemothorax using mini-thoracotomy. Methods: We designed a prospective study to determine if VATS with mini-thoracotomy benefits for patients with blunt traumatic hemothorax compared with conventional repair through full thoracotomy. Twenty-five patients underwent emergency operation for acute hemothorax from 2000. Five patients with less than 5% probability of survival (PS) were excluded, leaving 20 as the subjects. Results: Ten patients underwent conventional thoracotomy (conventional group) and the other 10 patients underwent VATS with mini-thoracotomy (VATS group). There was no difference between conventional group and VATS group in injury severity score (29.1 and 27.0) or PS (81.2% and 80.7%). Hospital mortality rates were 10% in conventional group and 0% in VATS group (N.S). Total amounts of intra-operative bleeding and post-operative transfusion until day 7 were 735 ml and 19.3 units in conventional group and 303 ml and 9.2 units in VATS group respectively (N.S). The length of ICU stay was 9.7 days in conventional group and 5.9 days in VATS group (N.S). Conclusion: VATS with mini-thoracotomy can be alternative for patients with blunt traumatic hemothorax in most emergency operations.

Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery for Residual Aneurysm after Total Arch Replacement

Background: Residual aneurysms after graft replacement are rare, but they can be detrimental if they are saccular and large. The etiology of residual aneurysms remains unknown, and their management is controversial. One treatment option is late open surgical conversion;however, postoperative respiratory complications resulting from the dissection of pleural adhesions, which is frequently necessary with this approach, are often unavoidable. Case presentation: Herein, we report a case of open surgical repair of a residual distal aortic arch aneurysm that occurred after total arch replacement and thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was not possible in this case due to the patient’s severe renal dysfunction;however, contrast-enhanced computed tomography using minimal contrast did not detect remarkable leakage through the graft or stent graft into the aneurysm. Late open surgical conversion using video-assisted thoracic surgery was performed by thoracic surgeons, and the adhesion between the aortic wall and the lung was safely and effectively dissected. Because there was no significant pulsation or evidence of feeding arteries in the aortic wall, the aortic wall was opened carefully. No bleeding or backflow from any branch arteries into the aneurysm was noted, so the aortic wall was ligated with continuous sutures. The patient recovered without experiencing any major complications. Conclusions: This case report demonstrates that video-assisted thoracic surgery is safe and effective for late open conversion in cases of residual aneurysm;furthermore, this case suggests that video-assisted thoracic surgery may be particularly beneficial for the dissection of adhesions between the aortic wall and lung in these cases.

Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Mediastinal Lymph Node Tuberculous Abscesses

The mediastinal lymph node tuberculous abscesses（MLNTAs） are secondary to mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis. Surgical excision is often required when cold abscesses form. This study was aimed to examine video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery（VATS） for the treatment of MLNTA. Clinical data of 16 MLNTA patients who were treated in our hospital between December 1, 2013 and December 1, 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. All of the patients underwent the radical debridement and drainage of abscesses, and intrathoracic lesions were removed by VATS. They were also administered the intensified anti-tuberculosis treatment（ATT）, and engaged in normal physical activity and follow-up for 3 to 6 months. The results showed that VATS was successfully attempted in all of the 16 MLNTA patients and they all had good recovery. Two patients developed complications after surgery, with one patient developing recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, and the other reporting poor wound healing. It was concluded that VATS is easy to perform, and safe, and has high rates of success and relatively few side-effects when used to treat MLNTA.

Uniportal versus biportal video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis

Background Video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy had replaced open surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of using a single port and two ports to perform video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis. Methods Between April 2006 and February 2008, 20 cases underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy through one port （uniportal group） and 25 cases through two ports （biportal group）. The variables including the operating time, hospital stay, pain scores, postoperative complications, incidence of symptom recurrence and patient satisfaction were compared. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 11.5 months （range, 3-25 months）. Results The hands of all patients were warm and dry after operation. No conversion to open surgery was necessary, and no operative mortality was recorded in either group. The mean inpatient pain scores were significantly higher in the biportal group （1.2±0.6） than that in the uniportal group （0.8±0.5, P=0.025）. For the first three weeks after operation, four out of 20 （20%） patients in the uniportal group constantly suffered from mild or moderate residual pain while eight out of 25 （32%） cases in the biportal group （P=0.366）. Among them, two cases in the uniportal group and five cases in the biportal group need to take analgesics. Our mean operative time （bilateral sympathectomy） in the uniportal group （（39.5±10.0） minutes） was shorter than that in biportal group （（49.7±10.6） minutes, P=0.02）. There were no significant differences between two groups in terms of the mean hospital stay, compensatory sweating, and patient satisfaction. Two patients in the biportal group and three in the uniportal group experienced a unilateral pneumothorax. None of them required chest drainage. No patient experienced Homer＇s syndrome, and no recurrent symptoms were observed in either groups Conclusions Both uniportal and biportal video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy are effective, safe, and minimally invasive for palmar hyperhidrosis. Comparing with the biportal approach, the uniportal approach causes less postoperative pain and less operative time, and is a more reasonable procedure in treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis.

丙泊酚复合氟比洛芬酯麻醉对Uni-VATS术中单肺通气患者的肺功能保护作用观察

目的:观察丙泊酚联合氟比洛芬酯对行单孔胸腔镜(Uni-VATS)术中单肺通气患者的肺功能保护作用。方法:接受Uni-VATS肺叶切除术的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者128例随机分为对照组和观察组,每组64例。对照组给予丙泊酚麻醉,观察组在对照组基础上加用氟比洛芬酯。比较两组术后肺功能指标和并发症发生率,观察两组患者麻醉前后肺组织损伤评分、炎症因子[白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]、血栓素B2(TXB2)、6-酮-前列腺素1α(6-K-PGF1α)、血红素加氧酶(HO-1)、乏氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)等指标变化。结果:术后24 h,观察组患者FVC、FEV1、用力呼气容积、PEF及FEV1/FVC等肺功能指标均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。单肺通气结束时,两组肺组织损伤评分均较前显著升高,HO-1及HIF-1α水平也较前显著提高(P<0.05);观察组的损伤评分低于对照组,HO-1及HIF-1α水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。单肺通气后60 min和90 min,两组患者的血清IL-10、IL-1β、TNF-α水平较前进行性升高(P<0.05),观察组炎症因子水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。单肺通气15 min、30 min及结束时,两组患者的6-K-PGF1α、TXB2水平均较前降低,观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组TXB2/6-K-PGF1α的比值则较前升高,且观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组总并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:丙泊酚联合氟比洛芬酯对行单孔胸腔镜术的单肺通气机械损伤患者具有良好的肺保护效果,能有效降低患者炎症反应及缺血缺氧反应,改善患者氧合,并发症少。

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for penetrating thoracic trauma

为渗透胸的损伤的目的，没有起作用的探索或保守处理是否更好的一致。在这研究，我们在病人上把帮助录像的 thoracoscopic 外科(大桶) 和 thoracotomy 的临床的效果与渗透胸的损伤作比较。从 2000 年 1 月的方法到 2010 年 12 月，有渗透胸的损伤的 123 个病人在 Chengdu 的隶属于的医院里被对待大学。基于包括标准， 80 个病人被注册并且随机分配了进大桶和 thoracotomy 组。结果操作时间，在大桶组流血和排水的数量都比传统的操作低(p < 0.05 ) 。结论结果显示大桶有流血的更短的操作时间，非盲目的区域，准确外科的路径和更少的优点与传统的操作作比较。

机器人与胸腔镜肺段切除术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌疗效的对比研究

目的:对比分析达芬奇机器人与胸腔镜肺段切除术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年06月至2020年12月,于我院胸外科行微创肺段切除术的早期非小细胞肺癌患者,共纳入134例,分为机器人组(robot-assisted thoracic surgery,RATS)47例,胸腔镜组(video-assisted thoracic surgery,VATS)87组,对比分析两组临床特征及手术指标、术后主要并发症情况及费用。结果:手术时间、术中出血、平均住院日、术后引流时间等,RATS组优于VATS组,但两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后并发症如肺炎、胸腔积液、心律失常、肺不张发生率,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。超过5天漏气率RATS组为6.3%,低于VATS组的10.3%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后NRS疼痛评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。RATS组住院费用明显高于胸腔镜组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组1年生存率和2年生存率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:机器人肺段切除术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌安全可行,与胸腔镜相比,术后长期漏气发生较少,值得推广应用。

不同剂量艾司氯胺酮联合罗哌卡因前锯肌平面阻滞对胸腔镜手术病人术后镇痛的影响

目的评价不同剂量艾司氯胺酮联合罗哌卡因前锯肌平面阻滞(SAPB)对胸腔镜手术病人术后镇痛的影响。方法选择择期行胸腔镜手术病人96例,随机分为单纯罗哌卡因组(A组,SAPB局麻药为5 g/L罗哌卡因30 mL)、0.25 mg/kg艾司氯胺酮组(B组,在5 g/L罗哌卡因的基础上加用0.25 mg/kg艾司氯胺酮)、0.50 mg/kg艾司氯胺酮组(C组,在5 g/L罗哌卡因的基础上加用0.50 mg/kg艾司氯胺酮)。记录术后2、6、12、24、48 h时的数字等级评定量表(NRS)评分,术后48 h吗啡用量,术后首次按压静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)装置时间,术后需要PCIA病人比例,术中舒芬太尼的用量及不良反应发生情况。结果与A组相比较,C组术后12、24 h NRS评分均显著降低(H=9.006、8.785,P<0.05),术后48 h吗啡用量减少(H=7.400,P<0.05),首次按压PCIA时间明显延长(P<0.05)。3组需要PCIA病人比例和术中舒芬太尼用量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与单纯应用罗哌卡因相比,0.50 mg/kg艾司氯胺酮联合罗哌卡因SAPB用于胸腔镜手术病人可增强术后镇痛效果,减少术后48 h吗啡用量,延长SAPB镇痛持续时间,且无明显不良反应。

胸腔镜下肺段切除术治疗犬肺血管肉瘤

与传统手术方式相比,内窥镜手术对动物损伤较小,具有术后动物出血量少、疼痛轻、组织黏连少、恢复快等优点,已被广泛应用于国内外兽医临床。然而,胸腔镜手术因难度大、术后并发症多等在我国兽医临床较少实施。本文从病例基本情况、检查、诊断以及手术过程等方面,详细介绍了用胸腔镜成功为一例罹患肺转移性血管肉瘤的10岁金毛犬施行部分肺叶切除术的案例,并且分析了电视胸腔镜手术的设备器械选择、单肺气体插管方法,以及胸腔镜手术需要注意的一些细节,以期为同行开展兽医临床胸腔镜手术提供参考。

老年肺癌患者行单孔胸腔镜下肺叶或肺段切除术后并发症危险因素分析

目的探讨老年肺癌患者行单孔胸腔镜下肺叶或肺段切除术后并发症发生的危险因素。方法纳入2020年1月至2021年12月首都医科大学宣武医院胸外科行单孔胸腔镜肺叶或肺段切除手术的≥60岁的387例老年肺癌患者作为研究对象,中位年龄67(60~87)岁,其中男性171例(44.2%),女性216例(55.8%)。对老年肺癌患者的术后并发症进行分析,评估老年肺癌患者行单孔胸腔镜肺段或肺叶切除术后并发症发生的危险因素。结果387例患者中共有66例(17.1%)术后出现并发症,其中1例(0.3%)患者死亡。单因素及多因素分析显示:男性(P=0.020)、第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in the first second,FEV1)<1.5 L(P=0.017)、一氧化碳弥散量占预计值百分比(diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide as a percentage of the predicted value,DLCO%pred)<80%(P=0.016)、伴有肺部合并症病史(P<0.001)、脑卒中病史(P<0.001)、手术时长≥3 h(P=0.018)为术后出现并发症的独立预测因素。而伴有肺部合并症病史(P<0.001)及手术时长≥3 h(P=0.002)是术后出现肺部并发症的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论老年肺癌患者可能因肺部合并症、低肺功能、手术时间等出现术后并发症,因此术前应充分评估老年肺癌患者的生理情况。通过加强围术期管理降低术后并发症的发生率,降低术后并发症对老年肺癌患者行单孔胸腔镜手术治疗效果的影响。

胸腔镜肺癌根治术后继发乳糜胸诊疗的研究进展

乳糜胸常见于胸导管或其分支损伤,是一种电视辅助胸腔镜手术(VATS)肺癌根治术后较严重的并发症。乳糜胸的早期诊断对于改善患者预后至关重要,需综合患者临床资料进行动态评估。关于乳糜胸的治疗主要包括保守治疗、介入治疗以及外科手术治疗,保守治疗是VATS肺癌根治术后乳糜胸的首选治疗方式。对于持续大量乳糜排出以及病程较长的患者,应在其出现严重并发症前及时行介入或外科手术干预。目前尚缺乏方法学上可靠的临床试验指导VATS肺癌根治术后乳糜胸患者的管理,未来全面了解VATS肺癌根治术后乳糜胸的诊疗策略,可以为疾病的治疗提供新思路。

肺隐球菌合并肺腺癌1例并文献复习

肺隐球菌病是由新生隐球菌或格特隐球菌引起的一种常见的机会性真菌感染,主要侵犯呼吸系统,同时以两个孤立肺结节为影像特征的肺隐球菌和肺癌共存的临床报道较为少见。该文报道1例肺隐球菌合并肺腺癌的临床诊断及治疗过程,包括5年随访,为避免临床实践漏诊提供参考。

单孔法电视辅助胸腔镜肺叶切除术对肺结核患者免疫细胞水平、VAS评分及并发症的影响

目的:分析单孔法电视辅助胸腔镜(uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,UVTAS)肺叶切除术对肺结核患者免疫细胞水平、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分及并发症的影响。方法:选取2020年1月—2022年1月在内蒙古自治区第四医院接受UVTAS肺叶切除术的100例肺结核患者,随机分为对照组(n=50)和研究组(n=50)。对照组接受双操作孔胸腔镜手术,研究组接受UVTAS肺叶切除术。比较两组免疫细胞水平、VAS评分及并发症的变化。结果:两组免疫细胞水平时间、组间、交互效应比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1周,研究组CD3^(+)T淋巴细胞、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞均显著高于对照组,CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞低于对照组(P<0.05);术后1个月,两组免疫细胞水平,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1周,两组VAS评分均比术后1 d低(P<0.05),且研究组更低(P<0.05)。研究组的术后并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:UVTAS肺叶切除术能够提高肺结核患者的免疫功能,减轻术后疼痛及并发症。