Following the Charter of the United Nations: The Basic Guarantee for the Realization of the Right to Development——From the Perspective of Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

This study discusses the basic guarantee of the Charter of the United Nations to realize the right to development from the angle of Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The concepts regarding the people as the focal point, the dignity, the worth of the human being, as well as larger aspects of freedom, and other basic concepts within the Charter of the United Nations, guide the right direction of action for the realization of the right to development. The purpose and principles of the United Nations establishment in the Charter constitute the basic legal protection of the right to development. Values of peace, international dialogue, and international cooperation show the right path to the realization of the right to development.

The Belt and Road Initiative and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development:seeking linkages for global environmental governance

Global environmental cooperation serves as an important part in the Chinese ideal of building a Community with a Shared Future for all Human Beings. The report of 19 th CPC National Congress indicates that China is committed to proactive mitigation under the Paris Agreement and further participating in global environmental governance under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and both of which are largely integrated to the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI). BRI are also closely linked with South-South environmental and climate cooperation proposed by China from previous UN summits. Based on shared ideas, intersected agendas, and compatible governance approaches, BRI and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development grow increasingly relevant and they might form synergies based on increasingly interactive relations. In sum,seeking and intensifying the linkages between BRI and 2030 sustainable development goals(SDGs) could address global environmental governance deficits and enhance cooperation among nations.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and China's implementation

The concept of sustainable development has experienced great development and change at different levels of theoretical connotation and practical implementation since 1960 s and 1970 s when it was first proposed. People's understanding of the relationship between economy,society, and environment has been continuously deepened over the years. When it came to the end of 2015, it is necessary to examine the results of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals on sustainable development, and at the same time, the post-2015 framework and guidance on sustainable development at the global level were to be made, including the ideas, action plans, key areas that would guide the global sustainable development. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has developed a 5P theoretical framework of being peoplecentered, global environmental security, sustained economic prosperity, social justice and harmony and partnership promotion, including a political declaration, 17 overarching goals and 169 specific targets, specific ways of implementation, as well as the follow-up. It is the road map to achieve global sustainable development and meet the requirements of the millennium development goals. This paper summarizes the understanding of the concept of sustainable development from its origin, its significant development, to the proposition and development of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and its strategic impact on China.

Integrating Sustainable Development into Global Institutions:Reforming the United Nations

This article will briefly outline the origins,structure and functions of United Nations Environment Program and the Commission on Sustainable Development in the context of the goals of ecologically sustainable development(ESD).Economic development,social development and environmental protection form the three interconnected parts of ESD.The achievements of the key UN environmental institutions and programs in opening up the global system to civil society,the private sector and a diversity of actors and interests,promoting the role of poverty alleviation as part of ESD through the Millennium Development Goals,and facilitating important Multilateral Environmental Agreements should be recognized.However,with these notable exceptions,organizations such as United Nations Environment Program and the Commission on Sustainable Development have become weak in scientific and technical leadership,global policy,co-ordination(inside and outside the UN) and has few achievements in the international and national implementation of obligations and standards in Global Environmental Governance-including enforcement,compliance and effectiveness.This article will outline the key reasons for this inadequacy.Attention will also be focused on the way forward through of a new United Nations Environment Organization.This will require a clarification of purpose and function(within the UN system and as part of global governance structures) as well as consideration of whether it depends on system-wide UN reform.It is recommended that medium and long term strategies for reform are necessary.

Human Rights Dilemma of Migration Targets in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly and specifically includes migration in the global development agenda for the first time, and establishes relevant targets, including promoting regular migration and protecting the rights of migrant workers. These targets are significant achievements of the United Nations in promoting the topic “Migration and Development” and strengthening the human rights-based global migration governance.However, there are many difficulties in achieving these targets, especially when the rights of regular and irregular migration are undermining national sovereignty and security, or are not in line with national development needs. With the continued spread of the CoVID-19pandemic, rising tensions among major powers, and the prevalence of populism and anti-foreigner sentiment in the West, the process of migration and development has been seriously influenced, and the divergent positions and conflicting interests of countries have pushed the migration targets further out of reach. However, in the long run,exploration in this area will help promote global economic recovery in the post-pandemic era and benefit all parties from the positive interactions of migration, development, and human rights.

Influence of foreign direct investment from China on achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals in African countries

The lack of funding is one of the most important challenges in achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in African countries.Can foreign direct investment(FDI)from China as an important source of external financing help African countries achieve their SDGs?This study used the panel data random effects model to analyze the influence of China’s direct investment on SDG scores.Then,the study conducted the ordered probit model to examine the influence of FDI from China on the trend of achieving each SDG in Africa,with the SDGs being grouped into social,economic,and environmental dimensions.Results showed that China’s direct investment contributed to the achievement of SDGs in Africa.FDI from China positively influenced the SDG score in general and some of the 17 SDG scores including SDG 7(Affordable and Clean Energy),SDG 8(Decent Work and Economic Growth),SDG 9(Industry,Innovation,and Infrastructure),SDG 12(Responsible Consumption and Production),SDG 13(Climate Action),and SDG 15(Life on Land).The relationship between FDI from China and the trends for SDG 7,8,9,11(Sustainable Cities and Communities),and 14(Life below Water)was significantly positive.However,the SDG scores above belonged to the economic and environmental dimensions,whereas FDI from China had no significant influence on the social-dimension SDG scores and trends.To further expand the scale of China’s direct investment,more investment scopes,particularly those in the social dimension,should be developed.Moreover,China-Africa cooperation should be deepened to create a good investment environment for the achievement of African countries’SDGs and to facilitate China’s implementation of promoting the development of developing countries as mentioned in the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development and building the China-Africa community with a shared future.

The Analysis of Human Development Index (HDI) for Categorizing the Member States of the United Nations (UN)

To categorize the nations to reflect the development status, to date, there are many conceptual frameworks. The Human Development index (HDI) that is published by the United Nations Development Programme is widely accepted and practiced by many people such as academicians, politicians, and donor organizations. However, though the development of HDI has gone through many revisions since its formulation in 1990, even the current version of the index formulation published in 2016 needs research to better understand and to gap-fill the knowledge base that can enhance the index formulation to facilitate the direction of attention such as release of funds. Therefore, in this paper, based on principal component analysis and K-means clustering algorithm, the data that reflect the measures of life expectancy index (LEI), education index (EI), and income index (II) are analyzed to categorize and to rank the member states of the UN using R statistical software package, an open source extensible programming language for statistical computing and graphics. The outcome of the study shows that the proportion of total eigen value (i.e., proportion of total variance) explained by PCA-1 (i.e., first principal component) accounts for more than 85% of the total variation. Moreover, the proportion of total eigen value explained by PCA-1 increases with time (i.e., yearly) though the amount of increase with time is not significant. However, the proportions of total eigen value explained by PCA-2 and PCA-3 decrease with time. Therefore, the loss of information in choosing PCA-1 to represent the chosen explanatory variables (i.e., LEI, EI, and II) may diminish with time if the trend of increasing pattern of proportion of total eigen value explained by PCA-1 with time continues in the future as well. On the other hand, the correlation between EI and PCA-1 increases with time although the magnitude of increase is not that significant. This same trend is observed in II as well. However, in contrast to these observations, the correlation between PCA-1 and LEI decreases with time. These findings imply that the contributions of EI and II to PCA-1 increase with time, but the contribution of LEI to PCA-1 decreases with time. On top of these, as per Hopkins statistic, the clusterability of the information conveyed by PCA-1 alone is far better than the clusterability of the information conveyed by PCA scores (i.e., PCA-1, PCA-2, and PCA-3) and the explanatory variables. Therefore, choosing PCA-1 to represent the chosen explanatory variables is becoming more concrete.

Review and Prospect of the UN Efforts for Sustainable Development

The present paper reviews the UN important efforts to promote global sustainable development in the chronological order since UN Conference on Human Environment in 1972, and ana- lyzes the progress and gap. The results show that the UN system has made great efforts for global sustainable development since the UN Conference on Human Environment, especially since UN Conference on Environment and Development, promoted the for- mation of important consensus and multilateral internhtional con- ventions on many fields, boosted the development of partnership in the field of sustainable development, and accelerated actions for sustainable development of many countries and regions. However, at present, the progress made is still far below the level required, prominently reflected in the slow progress toward the millen-nium development goals, the difficulties in negotiations in the field of environment and development, insufficient fulfillment of international agreements and conventions, and undesirable effects of partnership in the field of sustainable development. Based on these, the paper puts forward four suggestions for UN Conference on Sustainable Development in 2012（Rio＋20）： （1） to revitalize the ＂spirit of Rio＂ and accelerate the implementation of existing politi- cal commitments; （2） to make new political commitments focusing on climate change and other major global challenges under the Rio principles; （3） to lay out a blueprint of green economy under the Rio principles; and （4） to promote South-South cooperation as the focus of international cooperation.

Are SDGs suitable for China's sustainable development assessment? An application and amendment of the SDGs Indicators in China

In order to further ensure that the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is to be implemented and the action measures of all countries are consistent, the United Nations has put forward a set of indicators to monitor and evaluate the progress of global sustainable development. This set of evaluation indicators is aimed for global and regional progress. An important feature of the evaluation indicators is that they are internationally comparable, but due to the large differences in the levels of sustainable development among countries, this framework of evaluation indicators has a disadvantage that it does not apply to tracking the progress of sustainable development at the national level. This paper focuses on the analysis of specific issues in the application of the global sustainable development indicators framework to meet the goals and targets of the UN and builds a system of evaluation indicators to assess the progress of sustainable development at the national level in China, and offers a perspective to assess China’s progress as well.

城市层面落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程的中国探索:国家可持续发展议程创新示范区

建设国家可持续发展议程创新示范区(简称“创新示范区”)是中国统筹国内国际发展形势作出的重要决策部署,旨在依靠以科技创新为核心的全面创新,探索可持续发展问题的系统解决方案,为国内同类地区可持续发展发挥示范带动作用,为其他国家落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程提供中国经验。创新示范区工作启动6年来,中国把这项工作作为实施创新驱动发展战略和可持续发展战略的重要抓手,建立健全工作机制,以城市为载体,按照“一城一主题”的要求,国务院先后三批次批复建设了11个创新示范区,汇聚各方力量和资源有效推动了创新示范区的建设和发展,在推进机制、建设内容等方面彰显了创新示范区的建设特色和经验,在国际社会形成了较大影响力。中共二十大擘画了以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的宏伟蓝图,创新示范区建设需要围绕促进人与自然和谐共生等中国式现代化的本质要求,进一步完善指导创新示范区建设的理论体系,丰富地方可持续发展的具体实践,增强内生动力,把党中央、国务院的决策部署落在实处。基于此,该研究进一步分析了推进创新示范区建设需要深入讨论和关注的关键问题,结合新形势新要求,提出了推进创新示范区建设的思路,以期为创新示范区未来的发展提供借鉴。

Constructing demonstration zones to promote the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals

After the United Nations Agenda 2030 was officially launched in September 2015,governments around the world have taken actions to implement the ambitious plan.This paper summarizes the actions and policies taken in China for promoting the implementation of the UN’2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,with emphasis on promoting the development of demonstration zones for delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).The Chinese government has taken two types of measures.One is to formulate a series of national plans and strategies and the other is to construct pilot and demonstration zones.Two approaches were presented to optimize the selection criteria for demonstration zones:a problem-based approach;and a major function-based approach.Both provided priority regions and major themes for selection and construction of demonstration zones.Suggestions for promoting the development of demonstration zones include:(1)building a monitoring system for the implementation of SDGs in each demonstration zone and establishing an open online platform to track the progress;(2)forming an effective stakeholder participation mechanism.The experiences in constructing innovation-driven demonstration zones are insightful for other countries to take practical actions in the delivery of SDGs.

全球教育治理的一次成功实践——对国际社会制定“2030教育议程”的回忆

联合国在2015年9月举行的历史性首脑会议上通过了《2030年可持续发展议程》。这一包括17项可持续发展目标(SDGs)和169项具体目标的纲领性文件旨在推动全球在以后的15年内实现三个史无前例的目标−消除极端贫困、战胜不平等与不公正、抑制气候变化。其中第4个目标(SDG4)是“确保包容和公平的优质教育,让全民终身享有学习机会”,这个目标及其涵盖的7个具体目标与3个实施方式,被国际教育界称为“2030教育议程”。联合国及其专门机构在2012年至2015年期间,就2015年后的可持续发展议程组织了堪称联合国历史上最为复杂的一次集体磋商。笔者作为联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)负责教育的助理总干事亲身参与并主导了“可持续发展目标4(教育)”的全球磋商,最终在所有利益攸关方的共同努力下达成了共识,其过程堪称制定国际规则的教科书式的典型案例,也可以说是全球教育治理的一次成功实践。本文介绍了国际社会制定这个全球教育发展目标的来龙去脉,记述了磋商过程中各利益攸关方在台前幕后的博弈与妥协。希望这些史料帮助我国教育界对“2030教育议程”有较全面的理解,对全球教育治理体系运作方式有进一步的认识。

妇女无酬照料问题的中国经验与思考——兼论联合国2030年可持续发展议程的落实

传统性别模式下承担家庭照料责任被视为妇女应尽之责,无酬照料也被研究者称为性别不平等中最隐秘、最不易被发觉的一环。从无到有,逐渐被认可,无酬照料经历了漫长的规范化之路。2015年妇女无酬照料问题被纳入联合国2030年可持续发展议程,标志着解决无酬照料问题已成为新的国际共识。如今议程执行即将过半,中国结合国际国内的战略机遇积极落实议程,为解决妇女无酬照料问题积累了宝贵的中国经验。鉴于无酬照料与众多可持续发展目标之间的深层关联,一些新的落实方向也据此展开。

联合国可持续发展理念下北京冬奥遗产可持续发展研究

运用文献资料法与逻辑分析法,探讨联合国可持续发展理念及其在北京冬奥遗产可持续发展中的理论意义,并在此基础上探索北京冬奥遗产可持续发展内涵和赛后发展原则。研究认为:联合国可持续发展理念为北京冬奥遗产的可持续发展提供有益借鉴,对北京冬奥遗产明晰自身经济、社会与环境三者系统的发展本质、平衡的发展向度、统一的发展愿景和关联的发展效应具有一定的参考意义。基于此,研究将北京冬奥遗产可持续发展内涵总结为“冬奥遗产与生态环境共容”“冬奥遗产与社会发展共融”以及“冬奥遗产与经济发展共荣”,同时提出以人为本、协调共治、共建、共享和循序渐进4项赛后可持续发展原则,以期为北京冬奥遗产的赛后传承与可持续发展提供理论参考。

国家可持续发展议程创新示范区建设进展量化评估方法体系研究

国家可持续发展议程创新示范区建设是中国为落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程及其可持续发展目标(SDGs)专门开展的一项重要工作。目前,国务院共批复了太原、桂林、深圳等11个城市建设国家可持续发展议程创新示范区。一直以来,对示范区建设进展以定性描述为主,但从加强示范区建设与管理实际需求看,迫切需要建立一套科学的示范区建设进展量化评估方法体系。基于此,该研究借鉴国内外有关SDGs进展评估的理论与方法,结合示范区建设定位,研究提出了包括示范区活跃度和可持续发展指数两个维度的示范区建设进展量化评估方法体系,基于各地提供的数据资料,对示范区建设进展进行了探索性评估。活跃度评估结果表明,2022年各示范区活跃度差异明显,承德、海南藏族自治州、湖州、郴州和临沧分值较高,表明示范区建设的积极性和主动性较强。可持续发展指数分析结果显示,2022年湖州和深圳的指数显著高于其他示范区,得分达89分以上,其他示范区介于71~82分之间;多数示范区在SDG1、SDG6、SDG7、SDG13、SDG16等目标落实方面进展良好,在SDG9、SDG15、SDG17等方面还需进一步加强。

陆地高分辨率水文—生物地球化学过程CNMM-DNDC三维模型的研发及应用进展

CNMM-DNDC模型是本文作者团队研发的陆地高分辨率水文—生物地球化学过程三维模型。本文系统介绍了建模背景和理念、核心过程和模型特点、模拟功能和观测验证、多尺度区域或流域初步应用以及未来发展展望。自2018年刊发首个版本以来,该模型经过了多方面科学过程改进和模拟功能扩展,在元素化学反应、物质相变和机械迁移等基本物理、化学、生物过程层面,完成了对陆地表层系统碳氮磷水循环全耦合的精细刻画。迄今开展的观测验证表明,CNMM-DNDC模型基本普适于不同生物气候带(从热带到寒区多年冻土地带)的流域或区域长时间序列“三高”(时间、空间和过程高分辨率)综合模拟,实现对陆地生态系统的碳、氮、磷、水三维运移、水土流失、水力驱动溶解态和颗粒态碳氮磷横向迁移、碳氮温室气体和污染气体排放、生态系统生产力、水分蒸散发和水分能量平衡等众多可持续发展目标表征变量的预测。该模型广泛推广应用于多尺度区域或流域的复杂过程虚拟科学试验研究和服务于面向生态环境建设与减污降碳的优化调控决策,可望为协同落实联合国多个可持续发展目标提供先进的数值模拟技术支撑。

Earth observation in service of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

This paper reviews the key role that Earth Observations(EO)play in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as articulated in the 2030 Agenda document and in monitoring,measuring,and reporting on progress towards the associated targets.This paper also highlights how the Group on Earth Observations(GEO)would contribute to ensure the actual use of EO in support of the 2030 Agenda;and how the Global Earth Observations System of Systems meets requirements for efficient investments in science and technology and a good return on investment,which is elaborated in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda on development financing.Through a number of examples,we first discuss how extensive EO use would:provide a substantial contribution to the achievements of the SDGs by enabling informed decision-making and by allowing monitoring of the expected results;improve national statistics for greater accuracy,by ensuring that the data are“spatially-explicit”and directly contribute to calculate the agreed SDG Targets and Indicators support the fostering of synergy between the SDGs and multilateral environmental agreements by addressing cross-cutting themes such as climate and energy;and facilitate countries’approaches for working across different development sectors,which is,according to the special adviser on the 2030 Agenda,a key challenge to achieve the SDGs.We then focus on the role that GEO could play in enabling actual use of EO in support of the 2030 Agenda by directly addressing the Strategic Development Goal 17 on partnerships.

A goal-based approach to the identification of essential transformation variables in support of the implementation of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development

The United Nations’2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development sets seventeen Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)to be achieved by 2030.Earth observation are needed that can support the development and validation of transformation policies to make progress towards the SDGs.A participatory and inclusive goal-based approach(GBA)is introduced that links societal goals,targets and indicators to Essential Transformation Variables(ETVs)of the human and non-human environment.The GBA is complementary to the widely used expertbased approach.The GBA is applied to the SDGs at the goal,target and indicator levels.The high-level conceptual model used for the SDGs is humanity embedded in the Earth’s life-support system(ELSS).At the goal level,very few of the SDGs are directly focusing on the ELSS and its physiology.Most of the SDG Targets focus on transformations in society and the built environment.Having targets that explicitly focus on the physiology of the ELSS would be important for sustainability.Most of the current indicator measure the built environment and the embedded social fabric.Sustainable development requires a functioning ELSS,and to ensure this,complementary indicators that bring environmental aspects to the monitoring of SDG targets are needed.

New Partnerships for Co-delivery of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Partnerships have become a comer stone of contemporary research that recognizes working across disciplines and co-production with intended users as essential to enabling sustainable resilience-building.Furthermore,research that addresses sustainable development challenges brings an urgent need to reflect on the ways that partnerships are supported,and for the disaster risk management and resilience communities,efforts to support realization of the wider 2030 Agenda for sustainable development bring particular pressures.In November 2019,the UK Disasters Research Group(DRG)brought together a number of key stakeholders focused on disaster risk,resilience,and sustainability research relevant to Official DevelopmeAssistance to consider how fit for purpose existing partnership models are for the pace of change required to deliver the priorities of the wider 2030 Agenda.Participants were invited to discuss how research partnerships across three levels(individual and project-based;national and institutional;and international)could be improved based on elements that facilitate robust partnerships and learning from aspects that hinder them.From the discussions,participanls emphasized the importance of effective communication mechanisms in building partnerships,co-designing projects,and establishing shared objectives.Enhanced approaches to addressing equitable partnerships and funding more substantive timelines will be key to responding to the challenges of the 2030 Agenda.

生态文明与可持续发展教育概念图谱释义

在承担实施联合国《2030年可持续发展议程》国际责任,以及迎接生态文明建设与实现美丽中国目标愿景的时代背景下,我国广泛开展生态文明与可持续发展教育势在必行。为此,在原有《中国可持续发展教育路线图》的基础上,研究者编制了《生态文明与可持续发展教育概念图谱》,从核心概念、指导理念、操作策略、预期愿景四个方面共18个要点,对生态文明与可持续发展教育之间的概念关系进行了梳理解读。其中,指导理念涉及生态文明与可持续发展教育的逻辑起点、重要文献、社会功能、育人目标、基础素养、高阶素养;操作策略包括示范学校质量标准、课程建设、可持续学习课堂实施原则、跨学科主题学习/项目式学习实施原则、可持续生活方式、生态-智慧校园标准、生态专题实践活动、教师专业素养、地区推进指标、生态社区终身学习体系建设指标;预期愿景包括预期教育愿景和预期宏观愿景。廓清生态文明教育和可持续发展教育的理论关系并对构成要素加以概要解读,对进一步开展生态文明与可持续发展教育理论和实践研究具有重要意义。