On December 25, 2009, after the 72-hour trail operation, Unit 2 of Laxiwa Hydropower Station on the Yellow River, constructed by CPI Yellow River Hydropower Corporation, was formally
Malaria remains a global health problem.The relationship between Plasmodium spp.and the gut microbiota as well as the impact of Plasmodium spp.on the gut microbiota in vertebrate hosts is unclear.The aim of the curren...Malaria remains a global health problem.The relationship between Plasmodium spp.and the gut microbiota as well as the impact of Plasmodium spp.on the gut microbiota in vertebrate hosts is unclear.The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of blood-stage Plasmodium parasites on the gut microbiota of mice.The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses at three stages.The gut microbiota changed during the three phases:the healthy stage,the infection stage,and the cure stage(on the 9th day after malarial elimination).Moreover,the gut microbiota of these infected animals did not recover after malaria infection.There were 254 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)across all three stages,and there were unique strains or OTUs at each stage of the experiment.The percentages of community abundance of 8 OTUs changed significantly(P<0.05).The dominant OTU in both the healthy mice and the mice with malaria was OTU265,while that in the cured mice was OTU234.In addition,the changes in OTU147 were the most noteworthy.Its percentage of community abundance varied greatly,with higher values during malaria than before malaria infection and after malaria elimination.These results indicated that the external environment influenced the gut microbiota after host C57BL/6 mice were infected with blood-stage P.berghei ANKA and that the same was true during and after elimination of blood-stage P.berghei ANKA.In addition,we could not isolate OTU147 for further study.This study identified gut microbiota components that were reconstructed after infection by and elimination of blood-stage P.berghei ANKA in host C57BL/6 mice,and this process was affected by P.berghei ANKA and the external environment of the host.展开更多
A detailed experiment of 1-pixel bit reconfigurable ternary optical processor (TOP) is proposed in the paper. 42 basic operation units (BOUs) and 28 typical logic operators of the TOP are realized in the experimen...A detailed experiment of 1-pixel bit reconfigurable ternary optical processor (TOP) is proposed in the paper. 42 basic operation units (BOUs) and 28 typical logic operators of the TOP are realized in the experiment. Results of the test cases elaborately cover the every combination of BOUs and all the nine inputs of ternary processor. Both the experiment process and results analysis are given in this paper. The experimental results demonstrate that the theory of reconfiguring a TOP is valid and that the reconfiguration circuitry is effective.展开更多
Objective:To explore the structural and functional characteristics of microbiota in oropharynx of subhealthy children with gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome(GHRS)differentiated by traditional Chinese medicine,a...Objective:To explore the structural and functional characteristics of microbiota in oropharynx of subhealthy children with gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome(GHRS)differentiated by traditional Chinese medicine,and screen the biometric operational taxonomic units(OTUs)to assist the clinical diagnosis.Methods:We recruited children according to the“GHRS diagnostic scale”,collected their oropharyngeal swabs,and sequenced the 16 SrDNA V4 region.We described the bacterial structure with alpha-indexes,beta-distances,and relative abundances;moreover,we screened the differential genera/OTUs with Wilcoxon rank-sum test,Metagenome Seq analysis,and linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEf Se)analysis,in which biometric OTUs were selected to construct the receiver operating characteristic curve to verify the diagnostic value.The bacterial function was predicted with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways according to 16S rDNA gene by using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States.Results:The study population was composed of 10 children with GHRS and 10 healthy control children.GHRS children were more likely to overeat(gluttony,P=.033).Alpha-indexes,such as Sobs,abundancebased coverage estimator,Bootstrap,and Qstat,were significantly higher in the GHRS group,while betadistances did not exhibit any significant intergroup differences.There were 9 differently distributed nonpredominant genera between the groups in Wilcoxon rank-sum test,as well as 13 non-predominant genera in Metagenome Seq analysis and 3 non-predominant OTUs in LEfSe analysis.OTU44 and OTU196 were used to construct the receiver operating characteristic curve,and the area under curve was 0.92.Predicted functions showed that pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation and carbon metabolism were enriched in healthy control samples,while the pathway related to renin secretion was remarkably enriched in GHRS samples.Conclusion:Unique oropharyngeal microbial structure and function were identified in GHRS children.OTU44 and OTU196 were specific OTUs,which could be used as biomarkers of GHRS to assist clinical diagnosis.展开更多
The anomaly detection of the brake operating unit (BOU) in thebrake systems on metro vehicle is critical for the safety and reliability ofthe trains. On the other hand, current periodic inspection and maintenanceare u...The anomaly detection of the brake operating unit (BOU) in thebrake systems on metro vehicle is critical for the safety and reliability ofthe trains. On the other hand, current periodic inspection and maintenanceare unable to detect anomalies in an early stage. Also, building an accurateand stable system for detecting anomalies is extremely difficult. Therefore,we present an efficient model that use an ensemble of recurrent autoencodersto accurately detect the BOU abnormalities of metro trains. This is the firstproposal to employ an ensemble deep learning technique to detect BOUabnormalities in metro train braking systems. One of the anomalous caseson metro vehicles is the case when the air cylinder (AC) pressures are less thanthe brake cylinder (BC) pressures in certain parts where the brake pressuresincrease before coming to a halt. Hence, in this work, we first extract the dataof BC and AC pressures. Then, the extracted data of BC and AC pressuresare divided into multiple subsequences that are used as an input for bothbi-directional long short-term memory (biLSTM) and bi-directional gatedrecurrent unit (biGRU) autoencoders. The biLSTM and biGRU autoencodersare trained using training dataset that only contains normal subsequences. Fordetecting abnormalities from test dataset which consists of abnormal subsequences, the mean absolute errors (MAEs) between original subsequences andreconstructed subsequences from both biLSTM and biGRU autoencoders arecalculated. As an ensemble step, the total error is calculated by averaging twoMAEs from biLSTM and biGRU autoencoders. The subsequence with totalerror greater than a pre-defined threshold value is considered an abnormality.We carried out the experiments using the BOU dataset on metro vehiclesin South Korea. Experimental results demonstrate that the ensemble modelshows better performance than other autoencoder-based models, which showsthe effectiveness of our ensemble model for detecting BOU anomalies onmetro trains.展开更多
This paper provides a method of producing a minimum cost spanning tree (MCST) using set operations. It studies the data structure for implementation of set operations and the algorithm to be applied to this structure ...This paper provides a method of producing a minimum cost spanning tree (MCST) using set operations. It studies the data structure for implementation of set operations and the algorithm to be applied to this structure and proves the correctness and the complexity of the algorithm. This algorithm uses the FDG (formula to divide elements into groups) to sort (the FDG sorts a sequence of n elements in expected tir O(n)) and uses the method of path compression to find and to unite. Therefore. n produces an MCST of an undirected network having n vertices and e edges in expected time O(eG(n)).展开更多
Despite their potential for providing important information for paleobiogeography,studies using ostracod assemblages compiled from global datasets have been scarce so far.In this study,the paleogeographic implications...Despite their potential for providing important information for paleobiogeography,studies using ostracod assemblages compiled from global datasets have been scarce so far.In this study,the paleogeographic implications of the relationship between different ostracod assemblages are analyzed and discussed for the Albian and Cenomanian.We compiled an ostracod dataset at the genus level,with 168 genera for the Albian and 174 for the Cenomanian,to which different multivariate statistical methods of grouping were applied.The affinity between different ostracod assemblages from different regions allowed for the delineation of 30 operational geographic units(OGUs)for the Albian,and 32 OGUs for the Cenomanian,grouped in three paleobiogeographic units(PBUs;Megatethys,Persia,and Austral)and one sub-unit(PBSU;Maghreb associated to the Megatethys).The Maghreb PBSU showed minor changes between the Albian and Cenomanian.The relationship among the OGUs grouped in each PBU is related to different factors,such as eustatic sea level events,similar climatic zones,and marine current circulation patterns.A relationship was observed between the Gabon and Nigeria OGUs with the Persia PBU,which suggests a direct east—west connection between them during the Cenomanian.The affinity observed in the Austral PBU between the South American,South African,and Australian regions during the Albian can be explained by their relative geographic isolation due to the Walvis Ridge barrier.The eventual flooding of this barrier led to the relationship observed between the SE Brazilian and Bolivian regions with the Austral PBU.Finally,the data also suggested that the separation of the Indian subcontinent from the Austral PBU took place during the Cenomanian.展开更多
Based on the core developmental demands of smart steel manufacturing plants, this review analyzes the essential characteristics of the steel manufacturing process and its implications for production and operation deci...Based on the core developmental demands of smart steel manufacturing plants, this review analyzes the essential characteristics of the steel manufacturing process and its implications for production and operation decision optimization(PODO). A discussion on the potential application of technologies, including the Industrial Internet, big data, cloud computing, and 5 G, in the PODO of smart steel plants based on the Industry 4.0 intelligent manufacturing and human-cyber-physical system(HCPS) is also presented. An adaptive update conception for a new dual-level cyber system(for management control and unit operation) of a flatstructured HCPS for steel plants is proposed to eliminate issues such as the hierarchical structure of the cyber system, the occurrence of data islands, and weak intelligence in PODO ability. Additionally, the review provided an in-depth analysis of the closed-loop decision logic of a dual-level HCPS. The critical technologies required for developing the HCPS model include data platforms and their associated application technologies, intelligent modeling, human-machine collaboration, and platform-based integration. Finally, suggestions are proposed to develop smart steel plants, including concept renewal, technological integration,and talent training.展开更多
RSA and ellipse curve cryptography(ECC)algorithms are widely used in authentication,data security,and access control.In this paper,we analyze the basic operation of the ECC and RSA algorithms and optimize their modula...RSA and ellipse curve cryptography(ECC)algorithms are widely used in authentication,data security,and access control.In this paper,we analyze the basic operation of the ECC and RSA algorithms and optimize their modular multiplication and modular inversion algorithms.We then propose a reconfigurable modular operation architecture,with a mix-memory unit and double multiply-accumulate structures,to realize our unified,asymmetric cryptosystem structure in an operational unit.Synthesized with 55-nm CMOS process,our design runs at 588 MHz and requires only 437801µm2 of hardware resources.Our proposed design takes 21.92 and 23.36 mW for 2048-bit RSA modular multiplication and modular inversion respectively,as well as 16.16 and 15.88 mW to complete 512-bit ECC dual-field modular multiplication and modular inversion respectively.It is more energy-efficient and flexible than existing single algorithm units.Compared with existing multiple algorithm units,our proposed method shows better performance.The operation unit is embedded in a 64-bit RISC-V processor,realizing key generation,encryption and decryption,and digital signature functions of both RSA and ECC.Our proposed design takes 0.224 and 0.153 ms for 256-bit ECC point multiplication in G(p)and G(2^(m))respectively,as well as 0.96 ms to complete 1024-bit RSA exponentiation,meeting the demand for high energy efficiency.展开更多
Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis is known for its complex population structure with three major transoceanic forms(viz.middle-sized,dwarf,and giant forms)whose taxonomic status has been disputed for decades.This integrated ...Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis is known for its complex population structure with three major transoceanic forms(viz.middle-sized,dwarf,and giant forms)whose taxonomic status has been disputed for decades.This integrated taxonomic study examines these prevenient morphotypes gathered on cruises in the Indian Ocean to ascertain their status in the evolutionary history of the species.Molecular analyses employing mitochondrial(COI,ND2)and nuclear(H3)markers revealed four genetically distinct and novel lineages of the species in the Indian Ocean,representing three morphotypes from the Arabian Sea and one from the Southern Indian Ocean.The mitochondrial-based phylograms revealed two distinct clades in the species:“dwarf forms+giant form”and“middle-sized forms,”which further branch into geographically structured evolutionary units.Species delimitation analyses recovered five distinct clades,namely,the Arabian Sea giant and dwarf forms,Equatorial,Eastern Typical,and Other Middle-sized forms,representing the consensus molecular operational taxonomic units.H3 being heterozygous could not resolve the phylogeny.Haplotype network and AMOVA analysis of mtDNA genes indicated explicit phylogeographic structuring of haplotypes,whereas these outputs and PCA results were incongruent with the morphological grouping.Phenetic features distinguishing the morphotypes were sometimes plastic and mismatched with the genotypes.The giant form was genetically close to the dwarf forms,contradicting the earlier notion that it descended from the middle-sized form.It may be assumed that the dwarf form evolved following sympatric speciation and adaptation to warm equatorial waters,while the focal features of the Western Arabian Sea guide toward allopatric speciation of the giant form.展开更多
Phosphorus(P) limitation in the coming decades calls for the utilization of alternative fertilizers in agriculture. Struvite is a promising P source, but its potential role as a fertilizer is dependent on different ph...Phosphorus(P) limitation in the coming decades calls for the utilization of alternative fertilizers in agriculture. Struvite is a promising P source, but its potential role as a fertilizer is dependent on different physical, chemical, and biological properties, which are very heterogeneous in soil, complicating the prediction of the best soil conditions for its application. Here, we evaluated the solubility of struvite in soil, its redistribution into P fractions, and its potential abiotic and biotic drivers in 62 globally distributed soils with contrasting properties through an incubation assay. We found that after 40 d, about 35% of struvite P was redistributed into soil fractions more accessible to plants and microbes. Phosphorus redistribution from struvite was driven by a complex suite of soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties as well as environmental factors that varied across soils. Soil texture played a critical role in determining the redistribution of P in struvite-amended soils in soluble(H2O extraction), labile(NaHCO3 extraction), and moderately labile(NaOH extraction) fractions.In addition, the soil solution cation concentration was one of the most important drivers of available struvite-derived P fractions. The great importance of texture and cations in determining struvite-derived P fractions in soil was contrasted with the relatively minor role of pH. At the microbial level, the number of bacterial operational taxonomic units(OTUs) from the unfertilized soils that correlated with struvite-derived P fractions was higher than that of fungi. The number of OTUs that correlated with the struvite-derived soluble P fraction was dominated by fungi, whereas the number of OTUs that correlated with the struvite-derived labile P fraction was dominated by bacteria. Overall, this study provided a predictive framework for the potential use of struvite as a P fertilizer in contrasting soils.展开更多
Ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) are important in converting ammonia into nitrate in soils. While many aspects of their community structure have been studied, the relative importance of stochastic versus deterministic p...Ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) are important in converting ammonia into nitrate in soils. While many aspects of their community structure have been studied, the relative importance of stochastic versus deterministic processes has poorly been understood. We compared AOA communities across the North China Plain, targeting the amoA gene. A phylogenetic null modelling approach was used to calculate the beta nearest taxon index to quantify the influence of stochastic and deterministic processes. We found that spatial distance between samples predicted the perceived processes involved in community structuring, with stochastic processes dominating at local scales. At greater distances, stochasticity became weaker. However, soil pH, which was also the strongest determinant of AOA community, was a much stronger predictor of community structuring, leaving the distance effect redundant as an explanation of community structuring processes. The communities of AOA differing by less than 1 pH unit differed mainly stochastically in terms of operational taxonomic unit composition. At larger pH differences, deterministic processes based on heterogeneous selection between clades became increasingly dominant. It appears that AOA community composition is largely determined by the environment. However, very similar pH environments are the exception. In environments with very close pH values, stochastic effects dominantly cause differences in community composition, whether spatially near or far.展开更多
In this paper a new theory referred to as the decrease-radix design (DRD) is proposed, which is found in the research of logic units of ternary (tri-valued) optical computer. Based on the theory proposed, the prin...In this paper a new theory referred to as the decrease-radix design (DRD) is proposed, which is found in the research of logic units of ternary (tri-valued) optical computer. Based on the theory proposed, the principles and the regulations of the DRD for making operation units of multi-valued operation with carrying/borrowing free are also presented. The research work has come to the following important conclusion: let D be a special state contained in n physical informative states, then one may figure out any multi-valued processors within n^(n×n) carrying/borrowing free n-valued units by the composition some of n×n×(n-1) simplest basic operating units according to the regulations of DRD proposed in this paper. The detailed systematic way of our design regulations is highlighted step by step in the paper with an example of design of a tri-valued logic optical operating unit. The real architecture, the procedure, and the experimental results of our sample in tri-valued logic operating unit are given. Finally, a re-constructible model of ternary logical optical processor is introduced. The theory proposed in the paper has laid down a solid foundation for the design of re-constructible carrying/borrowing free operating units in ternary optical computers and can be widely used as the designing reference in a variety of multi-valued logic operating units.展开更多
文摘On December 25, 2009, after the 72-hour trail operation, Unit 2 of Laxiwa Hydropower Station on the Yellow River, constructed by CPI Yellow River Hydropower Corporation, was formally
基金the Nature Science Foundation of Hainan Province(No.817145)College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(No.201611810082,No.HYCX2015063).
文摘Malaria remains a global health problem.The relationship between Plasmodium spp.and the gut microbiota as well as the impact of Plasmodium spp.on the gut microbiota in vertebrate hosts is unclear.The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of blood-stage Plasmodium parasites on the gut microbiota of mice.The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses at three stages.The gut microbiota changed during the three phases:the healthy stage,the infection stage,and the cure stage(on the 9th day after malarial elimination).Moreover,the gut microbiota of these infected animals did not recover after malaria infection.There were 254 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)across all three stages,and there were unique strains or OTUs at each stage of the experiment.The percentages of community abundance of 8 OTUs changed significantly(P<0.05).The dominant OTU in both the healthy mice and the mice with malaria was OTU265,while that in the cured mice was OTU234.In addition,the changes in OTU147 were the most noteworthy.Its percentage of community abundance varied greatly,with higher values during malaria than before malaria infection and after malaria elimination.These results indicated that the external environment influenced the gut microbiota after host C57BL/6 mice were infected with blood-stage P.berghei ANKA and that the same was true during and after elimination of blood-stage P.berghei ANKA.In addition,we could not isolate OTU147 for further study.This study identified gut microbiota components that were reconstructed after infection by and elimination of blood-stage P.berghei ANKA in host C57BL/6 mice,and this process was affected by P.berghei ANKA and the external environment of the host.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61073049)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(Grant No.J50103)the Doctorate Foundation of Education Ministry of China(Grant No.20093108110016)
文摘A detailed experiment of 1-pixel bit reconfigurable ternary optical processor (TOP) is proposed in the paper. 42 basic operation units (BOUs) and 28 typical logic operators of the TOP are realized in the experiment. Results of the test cases elaborately cover the every combination of BOUs and all the nine inputs of ternary processor. Both the experiment process and results analysis are given in this paper. The experimental results demonstrate that the theory of reconfiguring a TOP is valid and that the reconfiguration circuitry is effective.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81373769)the Scientific Research and Postgraduate Training Co-construction Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(1000062520115)the Province Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(7172131)。
文摘Objective:To explore the structural and functional characteristics of microbiota in oropharynx of subhealthy children with gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome(GHRS)differentiated by traditional Chinese medicine,and screen the biometric operational taxonomic units(OTUs)to assist the clinical diagnosis.Methods:We recruited children according to the“GHRS diagnostic scale”,collected their oropharyngeal swabs,and sequenced the 16 SrDNA V4 region.We described the bacterial structure with alpha-indexes,beta-distances,and relative abundances;moreover,we screened the differential genera/OTUs with Wilcoxon rank-sum test,Metagenome Seq analysis,and linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEf Se)analysis,in which biometric OTUs were selected to construct the receiver operating characteristic curve to verify the diagnostic value.The bacterial function was predicted with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways according to 16S rDNA gene by using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States.Results:The study population was composed of 10 children with GHRS and 10 healthy control children.GHRS children were more likely to overeat(gluttony,P=.033).Alpha-indexes,such as Sobs,abundancebased coverage estimator,Bootstrap,and Qstat,were significantly higher in the GHRS group,while betadistances did not exhibit any significant intergroup differences.There were 9 differently distributed nonpredominant genera between the groups in Wilcoxon rank-sum test,as well as 13 non-predominant genera in Metagenome Seq analysis and 3 non-predominant OTUs in LEfSe analysis.OTU44 and OTU196 were used to construct the receiver operating characteristic curve,and the area under curve was 0.92.Predicted functions showed that pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation and carbon metabolism were enriched in healthy control samples,while the pathway related to renin secretion was remarkably enriched in GHRS samples.Conclusion:Unique oropharyngeal microbial structure and function were identified in GHRS children.OTU44 and OTU196 were specific OTUs,which could be used as biomarkers of GHRS to assist clinical diagnosis.
基金This research is supported by the Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement(KAIA)grant funded by the Ministry of Land,Infrastructure and Transport(Grant21QPWO-B152223-03).
文摘The anomaly detection of the brake operating unit (BOU) in thebrake systems on metro vehicle is critical for the safety and reliability ofthe trains. On the other hand, current periodic inspection and maintenanceare unable to detect anomalies in an early stage. Also, building an accurateand stable system for detecting anomalies is extremely difficult. Therefore,we present an efficient model that use an ensemble of recurrent autoencodersto accurately detect the BOU abnormalities of metro trains. This is the firstproposal to employ an ensemble deep learning technique to detect BOUabnormalities in metro train braking systems. One of the anomalous caseson metro vehicles is the case when the air cylinder (AC) pressures are less thanthe brake cylinder (BC) pressures in certain parts where the brake pressuresincrease before coming to a halt. Hence, in this work, we first extract the dataof BC and AC pressures. Then, the extracted data of BC and AC pressuresare divided into multiple subsequences that are used as an input for bothbi-directional long short-term memory (biLSTM) and bi-directional gatedrecurrent unit (biGRU) autoencoders. The biLSTM and biGRU autoencodersare trained using training dataset that only contains normal subsequences. Fordetecting abnormalities from test dataset which consists of abnormal subsequences, the mean absolute errors (MAEs) between original subsequences andreconstructed subsequences from both biLSTM and biGRU autoencoders arecalculated. As an ensemble step, the total error is calculated by averaging twoMAEs from biLSTM and biGRU autoencoders. The subsequence with totalerror greater than a pre-defined threshold value is considered an abnormality.We carried out the experiments using the BOU dataset on metro vehiclesin South Korea. Experimental results demonstrate that the ensemble modelshows better performance than other autoencoder-based models, which showsthe effectiveness of our ensemble model for detecting BOU anomalies onmetro trains.
文摘This paper provides a method of producing a minimum cost spanning tree (MCST) using set operations. It studies the data structure for implementation of set operations and the algorithm to be applied to this structure and proves the correctness and the complexity of the algorithm. This algorithm uses the FDG (formula to divide elements into groups) to sort (the FDG sorts a sequence of n elements in expected tir O(n)) and uses the method of path compression to find and to unite. Therefore. n produces an MCST of an undirected network having n vertices and e edges in expected time O(eG(n)).
基金developed in association with the R&D project registered as Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum,Natural Gas and Biofuels—ANP 18993—6(SACL—Sedimentary geological analysis of Cretaceous carbonate successions in a Brazilian Sedimentary Basin)financial support from PETROBRAS 2023/00305—8(PALEOCLIMA project—Paleoclimatic evolution and paleobathymetry of the Southern Hemisphere during the Jurassic(Tithonian)and Cretaceous)。
文摘Despite their potential for providing important information for paleobiogeography,studies using ostracod assemblages compiled from global datasets have been scarce so far.In this study,the paleogeographic implications of the relationship between different ostracod assemblages are analyzed and discussed for the Albian and Cenomanian.We compiled an ostracod dataset at the genus level,with 168 genera for the Albian and 174 for the Cenomanian,to which different multivariate statistical methods of grouping were applied.The affinity between different ostracod assemblages from different regions allowed for the delineation of 30 operational geographic units(OGUs)for the Albian,and 32 OGUs for the Cenomanian,grouped in three paleobiogeographic units(PBUs;Megatethys,Persia,and Austral)and one sub-unit(PBSU;Maghreb associated to the Megatethys).The Maghreb PBSU showed minor changes between the Albian and Cenomanian.The relationship among the OGUs grouped in each PBU is related to different factors,such as eustatic sea level events,similar climatic zones,and marine current circulation patterns.A relationship was observed between the Gabon and Nigeria OGUs with the Persia PBU,which suggests a direct east—west connection between them during the Cenomanian.The affinity observed in the Austral PBU between the South American,South African,and Australian regions during the Albian can be explained by their relative geographic isolation due to the Walvis Ridge barrier.The eventual flooding of this barrier led to the relationship observed between the SE Brazilian and Bolivian regions with the Austral PBU.Finally,the data also suggested that the separation of the Indian subcontinent from the Austral PBU took place during the Cenomanian.
基金supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51734004)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFB0304005,and2020YFB1712800)。
文摘Based on the core developmental demands of smart steel manufacturing plants, this review analyzes the essential characteristics of the steel manufacturing process and its implications for production and operation decision optimization(PODO). A discussion on the potential application of technologies, including the Industrial Internet, big data, cloud computing, and 5 G, in the PODO of smart steel plants based on the Industry 4.0 intelligent manufacturing and human-cyber-physical system(HCPS) is also presented. An adaptive update conception for a new dual-level cyber system(for management control and unit operation) of a flatstructured HCPS for steel plants is proposed to eliminate issues such as the hierarchical structure of the cyber system, the occurrence of data islands, and weak intelligence in PODO ability. Additionally, the review provided an in-depth analysis of the closed-loop decision logic of a dual-level HCPS. The critical technologies required for developing the HCPS model include data platforms and their associated application technologies, intelligent modeling, human-machine collaboration, and platform-based integration. Finally, suggestions are proposed to develop smart steel plants, including concept renewal, technological integration,and talent training.
文摘RSA and ellipse curve cryptography(ECC)algorithms are widely used in authentication,data security,and access control.In this paper,we analyze the basic operation of the ECC and RSA algorithms and optimize their modular multiplication and modular inversion algorithms.We then propose a reconfigurable modular operation architecture,with a mix-memory unit and double multiply-accumulate structures,to realize our unified,asymmetric cryptosystem structure in an operational unit.Synthesized with 55-nm CMOS process,our design runs at 588 MHz and requires only 437801µm2 of hardware resources.Our proposed design takes 21.92 and 23.36 mW for 2048-bit RSA modular multiplication and modular inversion respectively,as well as 16.16 and 15.88 mW to complete 512-bit ECC dual-field modular multiplication and modular inversion respectively.It is more energy-efficient and flexible than existing single algorithm units.Compared with existing multiple algorithm units,our proposed method shows better performance.The operation unit is embedded in a 64-bit RISC-V processor,realizing key generation,encryption and decryption,and digital signature functions of both RSA and ECC.Our proposed design takes 0.224 and 0.153 ms for 256-bit ECC point multiplication in G(p)and G(2^(m))respectively,as well as 0.96 ms to complete 1024-bit RSA exponentiation,meeting the demand for high energy efficiency.
基金This work was funded under the projects National Agricultural Innovation Project(Ref No.NAIP code:2000035101)ICAR-CMFRI Institute Project(Code:FISHCMFRISIL 201200600006).
文摘Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis is known for its complex population structure with three major transoceanic forms(viz.middle-sized,dwarf,and giant forms)whose taxonomic status has been disputed for decades.This integrated taxonomic study examines these prevenient morphotypes gathered on cruises in the Indian Ocean to ascertain their status in the evolutionary history of the species.Molecular analyses employing mitochondrial(COI,ND2)and nuclear(H3)markers revealed four genetically distinct and novel lineages of the species in the Indian Ocean,representing three morphotypes from the Arabian Sea and one from the Southern Indian Ocean.The mitochondrial-based phylograms revealed two distinct clades in the species:“dwarf forms+giant form”and“middle-sized forms,”which further branch into geographically structured evolutionary units.Species delimitation analyses recovered five distinct clades,namely,the Arabian Sea giant and dwarf forms,Equatorial,Eastern Typical,and Other Middle-sized forms,representing the consensus molecular operational taxonomic units.H3 being heterozygous could not resolve the phylogeny.Haplotype network and AMOVA analysis of mtDNA genes indicated explicit phylogeographic structuring of haplotypes,whereas these outputs and PCA results were incongruent with the morphological grouping.Phenetic features distinguishing the morphotypes were sometimes plastic and mismatched with the genotypes.The giant form was genetically close to the dwarf forms,contradicting the earlier notion that it descended from the middle-sized form.It may be assumed that the dwarf form evolved following sympatric speciation and adaptation to warm equatorial waters,while the focal features of the Western Arabian Sea guide toward allopatric speciation of the giant form.
基金the financial support by the Fundacion General CSIC, Spain (Programa ComFuturo)the project PID2020114942RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI//10.13039/5011000 11033+3 种基金supported by a project from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (No. PID2020-115813RA-I00)a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático “01— Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación”, ANDABIOMA, No. P20_00879)supported by a postdoctoral scholarship as part of the FCT-funded project “Soil Ecosystems in the XXI Century: Drivers, Conservation and Future Scenarios” (No. FCT-PTDC/BIACBI/2340/2020) led by IPVC, Portugal。
文摘Phosphorus(P) limitation in the coming decades calls for the utilization of alternative fertilizers in agriculture. Struvite is a promising P source, but its potential role as a fertilizer is dependent on different physical, chemical, and biological properties, which are very heterogeneous in soil, complicating the prediction of the best soil conditions for its application. Here, we evaluated the solubility of struvite in soil, its redistribution into P fractions, and its potential abiotic and biotic drivers in 62 globally distributed soils with contrasting properties through an incubation assay. We found that after 40 d, about 35% of struvite P was redistributed into soil fractions more accessible to plants and microbes. Phosphorus redistribution from struvite was driven by a complex suite of soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties as well as environmental factors that varied across soils. Soil texture played a critical role in determining the redistribution of P in struvite-amended soils in soluble(H2O extraction), labile(NaHCO3 extraction), and moderately labile(NaOH extraction) fractions.In addition, the soil solution cation concentration was one of the most important drivers of available struvite-derived P fractions. The great importance of texture and cations in determining struvite-derived P fractions in soil was contrasted with the relatively minor role of pH. At the microbial level, the number of bacterial operational taxonomic units(OTUs) from the unfertilized soils that correlated with struvite-derived P fractions was higher than that of fungi. The number of OTUs that correlated with the struvite-derived soluble P fraction was dominated by fungi, whereas the number of OTUs that correlated with the struvite-derived labile P fraction was dominated by bacteria. Overall, this study provided a predictive framework for the potential use of struvite as a P fertilizer in contrasting soils.
文摘Ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) are important in converting ammonia into nitrate in soils. While many aspects of their community structure have been studied, the relative importance of stochastic versus deterministic processes has poorly been understood. We compared AOA communities across the North China Plain, targeting the amoA gene. A phylogenetic null modelling approach was used to calculate the beta nearest taxon index to quantify the influence of stochastic and deterministic processes. We found that spatial distance between samples predicted the perceived processes involved in community structuring, with stochastic processes dominating at local scales. At greater distances, stochasticity became weaker. However, soil pH, which was also the strongest determinant of AOA community, was a much stronger predictor of community structuring, leaving the distance effect redundant as an explanation of community structuring processes. The communities of AOA differing by less than 1 pH unit differed mainly stochastically in terms of operational taxonomic unit composition. At larger pH differences, deterministic processes based on heterogeneous selection between clades became increasingly dominant. It appears that AOA community composition is largely determined by the environment. However, very similar pH environments are the exception. In environments with very close pH values, stochastic effects dominantly cause differences in community composition, whether spatially near or far.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60473008)Science & Technology Foundation of University in Shanghai (Grant No.04AB38)+1 种基金Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.J50103)the Doctorate Foundation of Shanghai University
文摘In this paper a new theory referred to as the decrease-radix design (DRD) is proposed, which is found in the research of logic units of ternary (tri-valued) optical computer. Based on the theory proposed, the principles and the regulations of the DRD for making operation units of multi-valued operation with carrying/borrowing free are also presented. The research work has come to the following important conclusion: let D be a special state contained in n physical informative states, then one may figure out any multi-valued processors within n^(n×n) carrying/borrowing free n-valued units by the composition some of n×n×(n-1) simplest basic operating units according to the regulations of DRD proposed in this paper. The detailed systematic way of our design regulations is highlighted step by step in the paper with an example of design of a tri-valued logic optical operating unit. The real architecture, the procedure, and the experimental results of our sample in tri-valued logic operating unit are given. Finally, a re-constructible model of ternary logical optical processor is introduced. The theory proposed in the paper has laid down a solid foundation for the design of re-constructible carrying/borrowing free operating units in ternary optical computers and can be widely used as the designing reference in a variety of multi-valued logic operating units.