Reform and Practice of University Physics Experimental Teaching Based on OBE Concept

Aiming at the problems of unclear teaching objectives,obsolete content,and single method in the experimental teaching of university physics at our university,we have implemented a series of reform initiatives.It mainly includes clarifying the student-centered teaching objectives,optimizing the experimental content,innovating the teaching methods,improving the assessment and evaluation system,and improving the experimental conditions[1,2].After the implementation of the reform,the learning effectiveness of students has been significantly improved,the teaching level of teachers has been significantly enhanced,the curriculum system has been optimized,the efficiency of teaching management has been enhanced,and social recognition has been strengthened.Practice shows that the teaching reform based on the outcome-based education concept effectively improves the quality of university physics experimental teaching and lays the foundation for cultivating innovative talents.

Experience with intraoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer: the Geneva University Hospital's experience

Background Breast conserving surgery along with adjuvant radiotherapy is effective in terms of local control and survival for early- stage breast cancer （1）. External beam radiotherapy （EBRT） following breast conserving surgery has been shown to improve survival by preventing local recurrence, in the Early Breast Cancer Trialists＇ Collaborative Group meta-analysis （2）. Standard radiotherapy typically requires numerous fractions over a 3-5 week period and is performed weeks or months after surgery or chemotherapy.

My Experience at Peking University

The Life of a human being is guided by his destiny, where "dreams" constitute the long and unforeseeable road for his day-today accomplishments. The tremendous secret in following this "road" is that we know what we did before, we discover what we will do today, but we have no idea what we will be harvesting tomorrow from what we have done and are doing.Peking University (PKU) is a part of my "road" in life. It

Lend a Hand to Vulnerable Groups——An Experience from Wuhan University

On May 25, 2002, the Wuhan University Center for the Protection of Rights of Disadvantaged Citizens marked its 10th founding anniversary at Luojia Hill. Attending the celebrations were more than 600 people, including Executive Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League Sun Jinlong, Vice-Minister of Justice Duan Zhengkun, Supreme People’s Court Vice-President Wan E’xiang and Hubei Provincial Vice-Governor Deng Daokun.

Observable-specific phase biases of Wuhan multi-GNSS experiment analysis center’s rapid satellite products

Precise Point Positioning(PPP)with Ambiguity Resolution(AR)is an important high-precision positioning technique that is gaining popularity in geodetic and geophysical applications.The implementation of PPP-AR requires precise products such as orbits,clocks,code,and phase biases.As one of the analysis centers of the International Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)Service(IGS),the Wuhan University Multi-GNSS experiment(WUM)Analysis Center(AC)has provided multi-GNSS Observable-Specific Bias(OSB)products with the associated orbit and clock products.In this article,we first introduce the models and generation strategies of WUM rapid phase clock/bias products and orbit-related products(with a latency of less than 16 h).Then,we assess the performance of these products by comparing them with those of other ACs and by testing the PPP-AR positioning precision,using data from Day of the Year(DOY)047 to DOY 078 in 2022.It is found that the peak-to-peak value of phase OSBs is within 2 ns,and their fluctuations are caused by the clock day boundary discontinuities.The associated Global Positioning System(GPS)orbits have the best consistency with European Space Agency(ESA)products,and those of other systems rank in the medium place.GLObal NAvigation Satellite System(GLONASS)clocks show slightly inconsistency with other ACs’due to the antenna thrust power adopted,while the phase clocks of other GNSSs show no distortion compared with legacy clocks.With well-estimated phase products for Precise Orbit Determination(POD),the intrinsic precision is improved by 14%,17%,and 24%for GPS,Galileo navigation satellite system(Galileo),and BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System(BDS-3),respectively.The root mean square of PPP-AR using our products in static mode with respect to IGS weekly solutions can reach 0.16 cm,0.16 cm,and 0.44 cm in the east,north,and up directions,respectively.The multi-GNSS wide-lane ambiguity fixing rates are all above 90%,while the narrow-lane fixing rates above 80%.In conclusion,the phase OSB products at WUM have good precision and performance,which will benefit multi-GNSS PPP-AR and POD.

‘It Really Represents…’: Reflexions on the Object in Peirce’s Hexadic Sign-System

This paper compares the manner in which C.S.Peirce’s late semiotic theory deals with the problems posed by the dynamic object and the interpretation of signs with that of the earlier,better-known system of 1903.It shows how non-specialist interpreters of signs are often led to suggest that there is more to,for example,a painting than the summation of the lines,forms and colours to be found on the canvas,in other words,to suggest that the sign’s dynamic object may be quite different from its representation as the sign’s immediate object.Now the 1903ten-class system is composed of the sign and two relational criteria,the fi rst of which being the sign’s mode of representation,which is no other than the relation holding between the sign and what,at the time,was defi ned simply as its object.This means that the object itself is not a relevant feature of the system,and therefore this latter,even when the mode of representation is associated with Peirce’s hypoicons,is unable to account for discrepancies between what observers interpret as the sign’s object and the way the sign represents it.One explanation for this discrepancy can be found in Peirce’s late,hexadic conception of semiosis,which,in 1908,explicitly integrated immediate and dynamic objects and a typology of which the criteria were not the earlier categories but three universes of experience by means of which Peirce was able to expand considerably the inventory of the sorts of entities qualifying as a sign’s dynamic object.The paper draws on these advances to show how immediate and dynamic objects can diverge,and how different interpreters come to widely differing conclusions concerning the objects of signs and how they are interpreted.