The waste referred to includes solid waste and sludge. Solid waste is mainly from urban garbage and industrial waste. Sludge is from water treatment factories, paper mills, chemical factories, pharmaceutical factories...The waste referred to includes solid waste and sludge. Solid waste is mainly from urban garbage and industrial waste. Sludge is from water treatment factories, paper mills, chemical factories, pharmaceutical factories, rivers and lakes. The waste and sludge are very harmful to water organisms, human health and drinking water, and directly affect the environment. Sludge and waste also occupy large areas of land. There are several methods to treat waste and sludge, such as burial, chemical treatment and incineration. Incineration is more effective than the展开更多
Universities are highly responsible for knowledge creation and technology development.However,university technology transfer(UTT)is considered a challenge in bringing innovative technologies for commercialization and ...Universities are highly responsible for knowledge creation and technology development.However,university technology transfer(UTT)is considered a challenge in bringing innovative technologies for commercialization and community services.Thus,identifying the barriers and their complex interrelationships that hinder the successful implementation of UTT provides a better understanding of the process,which may be considered as inputs to crucial decision-making initiatives.While this approach is highly relevant in the domain field,it remains a point of departure in the current literature.This paper addresses this gap by holistically determining the UTT barriers and their intertwined relationships.Using the Delphi method and the fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)to carry out this objective,a case study in a state university in the Philippines is presented in this work.Results show that lack of resources has the strongest causal relationship among the 24 UTT barriers.Whereas,poor marketing/technical/negotiation skills of technology transfer office obtained the highest impacts received and is categorized as the main net effect.These findings are intended to guide various stakeholders in understanding the influence of barriers in the formulation of strategies and initiatives to carry out effectively the UTT process.展开更多
Universities are coming under increasing pressure to produce impact that contributes to socio-economic development. Previous studies have focused on university technology transfer (UTT) mechanisms that lead to the com...Universities are coming under increasing pressure to produce impact that contributes to socio-economic development. Previous studies have focused on university technology transfer (UTT) mechanisms that lead to the commercialisation of intellectual property. We find that off-late, the legitimacy of such mechanisms, owing to high-failure rates of IP-based start-ups, has come into question. Universities are being invited to widen their academic entrepreneurship (AE) practices to include other forms of knowledge transfer. The increased attention on contemporary concepts such as social entrepreneurship calls for broadening UTT performance indicators to include multiple bottom-lines. These bottom-lines should amplify the societal benefits of AE. This new emphasis raises high-level questions about the societal role of universities and UTT. The aim in this paper is to, therefore, reframe the debate on UTT processes by highlighting a revised agenda for further research. This is done by analysing the extant literature on UTT, academic entre-preneurship, entrepreneurial universities and innovation. The analysis includes a critical review of 96 peer-reviewed articles. As a result, a macro perspective is presented which highlights UTT as-a-mechanism for universities' contribution to collective societal goals. Propositions are outlined for future research;these can be used for developing new un-derstanding on how universities can actively contribute to socio-economic development agendas.展开更多
In modem society, universities take on three main functions. Through science and technology innovation, it makes effort to create research achievements needed by society, promotes different modes of technology transfe...In modem society, universities take on three main functions. Through science and technology innovation, it makes effort to create research achievements needed by society, promotes different modes of technology transfer to real productivity, and realize the mission of university for talent education and social service.展开更多
Background:In vitro embryo production(IVP)and embryo transfer(ET)are two very common assisted reproductive technologies(ART)in human and cattle.However,in pig,the combination of either procedures,or even their use sep...Background:In vitro embryo production(IVP)and embryo transfer(ET)are two very common assisted reproductive technologies(ART)in human and cattle.However,in pig,the combination of either procedures,or even their use separately,is still considered suboptimal due to the low efficiency of IVP plus the difficulty of performing ET in the long and contorted uterus of the sow.In addition,the potential impact of these two ART on the health of the offspring is unknown.We investigated here if the use of a modified IVP system,with natural reproductive fluids(RF)as supplements to the culture media,combined with a minimally invasive surgery to perform ET,affects the output of the own IVP system as well as the reproductive performance of the mother and placental molecular traits.Results:The blastocyst rates obtained by both in vitro systems,conventional(C-IVP)and modified(RF-IVP),were similar.Pregnancy and farrowing rates were also similar.However,when compared to in vivo control(artificial insemination,AI),litter sizes of both IVP groups were lower,while placental efficiency was higher in AI than in RF-IVP.Gene expression studies revealed aberrant expression levels for PEG3 and LUM in placental tissue for C-IVP group when compared to AI,but not for RF-IVP group.Conclusions:The use of reproductive fluids as additives for the culture media in pig IVP does not improve reproductive performance of recipient mothers but could mitigate the impact of artificial procedures in the offspring.展开更多
文摘The waste referred to includes solid waste and sludge. Solid waste is mainly from urban garbage and industrial waste. Sludge is from water treatment factories, paper mills, chemical factories, pharmaceutical factories, rivers and lakes. The waste and sludge are very harmful to water organisms, human health and drinking water, and directly affect the environment. Sludge and waste also occupy large areas of land. There are several methods to treat waste and sludge, such as burial, chemical treatment and incineration. Incineration is more effective than the
基金supported by the 2019 GAA Research Grant of the Cebu Technological University
文摘Universities are highly responsible for knowledge creation and technology development.However,university technology transfer(UTT)is considered a challenge in bringing innovative technologies for commercialization and community services.Thus,identifying the barriers and their complex interrelationships that hinder the successful implementation of UTT provides a better understanding of the process,which may be considered as inputs to crucial decision-making initiatives.While this approach is highly relevant in the domain field,it remains a point of departure in the current literature.This paper addresses this gap by holistically determining the UTT barriers and their intertwined relationships.Using the Delphi method and the fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)to carry out this objective,a case study in a state university in the Philippines is presented in this work.Results show that lack of resources has the strongest causal relationship among the 24 UTT barriers.Whereas,poor marketing/technical/negotiation skills of technology transfer office obtained the highest impacts received and is categorized as the main net effect.These findings are intended to guide various stakeholders in understanding the influence of barriers in the formulation of strategies and initiatives to carry out effectively the UTT process.
文摘Universities are coming under increasing pressure to produce impact that contributes to socio-economic development. Previous studies have focused on university technology transfer (UTT) mechanisms that lead to the commercialisation of intellectual property. We find that off-late, the legitimacy of such mechanisms, owing to high-failure rates of IP-based start-ups, has come into question. Universities are being invited to widen their academic entrepreneurship (AE) practices to include other forms of knowledge transfer. The increased attention on contemporary concepts such as social entrepreneurship calls for broadening UTT performance indicators to include multiple bottom-lines. These bottom-lines should amplify the societal benefits of AE. This new emphasis raises high-level questions about the societal role of universities and UTT. The aim in this paper is to, therefore, reframe the debate on UTT processes by highlighting a revised agenda for further research. This is done by analysing the extant literature on UTT, academic entre-preneurship, entrepreneurial universities and innovation. The analysis includes a critical review of 96 peer-reviewed articles. As a result, a macro perspective is presented which highlights UTT as-a-mechanism for universities' contribution to collective societal goals. Propositions are outlined for future research;these can be used for developing new un-derstanding on how universities can actively contribute to socio-economic development agendas.
文摘In modem society, universities take on three main functions. Through science and technology innovation, it makes effort to create research achievements needed by society, promotes different modes of technology transfer to real productivity, and realize the mission of university for talent education and social service.
基金This study was funded by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness(MINECO)and European Regional Development Fund(FEDER)grant AGL2015–66341-R and Fundación Seneca,Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Region de Murcia grant 20040/GERM/16.EPO received funding from“Ayudas para estancias en el extranjero de jóvenes investigadores y estudiantes de doctorado en las líneas de actuación de Campus Mare Nostrum”,R-47/2018,to a doctoral stay at the Babraham Institute(Cambridge,U.K.).
文摘Background:In vitro embryo production(IVP)and embryo transfer(ET)are two very common assisted reproductive technologies(ART)in human and cattle.However,in pig,the combination of either procedures,or even their use separately,is still considered suboptimal due to the low efficiency of IVP plus the difficulty of performing ET in the long and contorted uterus of the sow.In addition,the potential impact of these two ART on the health of the offspring is unknown.We investigated here if the use of a modified IVP system,with natural reproductive fluids(RF)as supplements to the culture media,combined with a minimally invasive surgery to perform ET,affects the output of the own IVP system as well as the reproductive performance of the mother and placental molecular traits.Results:The blastocyst rates obtained by both in vitro systems,conventional(C-IVP)and modified(RF-IVP),were similar.Pregnancy and farrowing rates were also similar.However,when compared to in vivo control(artificial insemination,AI),litter sizes of both IVP groups were lower,while placental efficiency was higher in AI than in RF-IVP.Gene expression studies revealed aberrant expression levels for PEG3 and LUM in placental tissue for C-IVP group when compared to AI,but not for RF-IVP group.Conclusions:The use of reproductive fluids as additives for the culture media in pig IVP does not improve reproductive performance of recipient mothers but could mitigate the impact of artificial procedures in the offspring.
