Modified joint probabilistic data association with classification-aided for multitarget tracking

Joint probabilistic data association is an effective method for tracking multiple targets in clutter, but only the target kinematic information is used in measure-to-track association. If the kinematic likelihoods are similar for different closely spaced targets, there is ambiguity in using the kinematic information alone; the correct association probability will decrease in conventional joint probabilistic data association algorithm and track coalescence will occur easily. A modified algorithm of joint probabilistic data association with classification-aided is presented, which avoids track coalescence when tracking multiple neighboring targets. Firstly, an identification matrix is defined, which is used to simplify validation matrix to decrease computational complexity. Then, target class information is integrated into the data association process. Performance comparisons with and without the use of class information in JPDA are presented on multiple closely spaced maneuvering targets tracking problem. Simulation results quantify the benefits of classification-aided JPDA for improved multiple targets tracking, especially in the presence of association uncertainty in the kinematic measurement and target maneuvering. Simulation results indicate that the algorithm is valid.

Call for Papers International Symposium on Toxicology Jointly Sponsored by the China Preventive Medical Association and the Chinese Pharmacological Society

The scientific program will consist of symposia and poster sessions. Topics related to theoretical and applied research in the domain of toxicology and toxicological studies on chemicals of public concern will be welcome. The presenter’s name, address, and telephone and FAX numbers should be submitted along with the title of the presentation and whether it is oral or poster. Deadline: April 15, 1990. Papers should be submitted to:

Study on data association algorithm of multi-passive-sensor location system

Aiming at three-passive-sensor location system, a generalized 3-dimension （3-D） assignment model is constructed based on property information, and a multi-target programming model is proposed based on direction-finding and property fusion information. The multi-target programming model is transformed into a single target programming problem to resolve, and its data association result is compared with the results which are solved by using one kind of information only. Simulation experiments show the effectiveness of the multi-target programming algorithm with higher data association accuracy and less calculation.

Data association based on target signal classification information

In most of the passive tracking systems, only the target kinematical information is used in the measurement-to-track association, which results in error tracking in a multitarget environment, where the targets are too close to each other. To enhance the tracking accuracy, the target signal classification information （TSCI） should be used to improve the data association. The TSCI is integrated in the data association process using the JPDA （joint probabilistic data association）. The use of the TSCI in the data association can improve discrimination by yielding a purer track and preserving continuity. To verify the validity of the application of TSCI, two simulation experiments are done on an air target-tracing problem, that is, one using the TSCI and the other not using the TSCI. The final comparison shows that the use of the TSCI can effectively improve tracking accuracy.

Analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar

The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)satellite is a small magnetosphere–ionosphere link explorer developed cooperatively between China and Europe.It pioneers the use of X-ray imaging technology to perform large-scale imaging of the Earth’s magnetosheath and polar cusp regions.It uses a high-precision ultraviolet imager to image the overall configuration of the aurora and monitor changes in the source of solar wind in real time,using in situ detection instruments to improve human understanding of the relationship between solar activity and changes in the Earth’s magnetic field.The SMILE satellite is scheduled to launch in 2025.The European Incoherent Scatter Sciences Association(EISCAT)-3D radar is a new generation of European incoherent scatter radar constructed by EISCAT and is the most advanced ground-based ionospheric experimental device in the high-latitude polar region.It has multibeam and multidirectional quasi-real-time three-dimensional(3D)imaging capabilities,continuous monitoring and operation capabilities,and multiple-baseline interferometry capabilities.Joint detection by the SMILE satellite and the EISCAT-3D radar is of great significance for revealing the coupling process of the solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere.Therefore,we performed an analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D,analyzed the period during which the two can perform joint detection,and defined the key scientific problems that can be solved by joint detection.In addition,we developed Web-based software to search for and visualize the joint detection period of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar,which lays the foundation for subsequent joint detection experiments and scientific research.

A FRACTURE-ENERGY-BASED ELASTO-SOFTENING-PLASTIC CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR JOINTS OF GEOMATERIALS

On the basis of plasticity and fracture mechanics for quasi-brittle materials, this article presented a constitutive model for gradual softening behavior of joints of geomaterials. Corresponding numerical tests are carried out at the local level. Characteristics of the model proposed are 1) plastic softening and dilatancy behavior are directly related to the fracture process of joint, and much less material and model parameters are required compared with those proposed by references; 2) the process of decohesion coupled with frictional sliding at both micro-scale and macro-scale is described.

气道湿化联合口腔护理在预防急危重症患者呼吸机辅助通气中VAP发生的作用

目的探讨气道湿化联合口腔护理在预防急危重症患者呼吸机辅助通气中呼吸机相关肺炎(VAP)发生的作用。方法选取我院收治的300例急危重症行呼吸机辅助通气患者为对象,样本病例纳入时间为2021年7月至2023年7月,采取1∶1比例法分组,均分为150例,对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组在常规护理基础上给予气道湿化联合口腔护理。对比两组口腔清洁度、炎症指标、VAP发生率、相关治疗时间、护理认可度。结果观察组患者口腔清洁度优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组白细胞计数、降钙素原及C反应蛋白指标以及VAP总发生率均低于对照组(均P<0.05);观察组呼吸机使用时间、住重症监护室时间及总住院时间均短于对照组,患者护理工作认可度评分高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论在预防急危重症患者呼吸机辅助通气中应用气道湿化联合口腔护理,可有效提升护理干预效率,保障患者口腔卫生清洁,利于改善机体炎症指标、减少VAP发生,进而有效缩短相关治疗及通气时间。

基于两阶段深度强化学习算法的多智能体自由合谋竞价机理研究

电力市场建设初期,不完善的监管机制为发电商提供了暗中交流,联合竞价的机会。然而,如何找到潜在的发电商合谋组合是相对困难的事情。针对这一问题,该文建立一种允许发电商自由联合的竞价模型,并提出全新的两阶段深度强化学习算法,来求解由离散的合谋对象选择和连续的报价系数确定组合形成的离散、连续动作混合决策问题。在不同阻塞情况下,对发电商联合策略形成过程进行分析,并在大算例中验证了算法的有效性。仿真结果表明,所提出的方法可以对市场主体的自由联合行为进行有效模拟,发现潜在的合谋组合。

多站联合观测非合作目标的定位批号关联算法

在多站联合对非合作多目标进行定位场景中,提出了一种批号关联算法。该方法利用模糊数学理论描述已关联集和待关联量测中方位信息、连续谱特征信息和线谱特征信息之间的模糊隶属度,构建综合模糊关系矩阵进行二维关联,通过设置隶属度门限消除低隶属度关联的影响。仿真结果表明,所提算法克服了传统算法在目标增多关联成功率下降的问题,在一定的漏报虚警时关联结果召回率可达到0.8以上,关联结果精度也保持在较高水平。仿真结果及试验数据均验证了该方法在复杂水下环境中较好的目标关联定位性能。

牛膝多糖调控转移相关蛋白1/核因子-κB通路对类风湿关节炎大鼠踝关节破坏的影响实验研究

目的:探究牛膝多糖对类风湿关节炎(RA)大鼠踝关节破坏的影响及可能机制。方法:将40只大鼠随机分为对照组、RA组、牛膝多糖组及低表达转移相关蛋白1(MTA1)组,每组10只。肉眼观察大鼠踝关节变化,进行关节炎评分。HE染色与番红O-固绿染色检测大鼠滑膜炎症、骨侵蚀和软骨损伤情况。免疫荧光染色检测大鼠滑膜组织MTA1、核因子-κB(NF-κB)蛋白表达。实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测大鼠滑膜组织MTA1、NF-κB mRNA表达水平。Western blot检测大鼠滑膜组织MTA1、NF-κB蛋白表达水平。结果:与对照组比较,RA组大鼠踝关节增粗,关节炎评分增加且在21 d后显著升高,踝关节滑膜增生,滑膜炎症评分、骨侵蚀评分和软骨损伤评分升高,滑膜组织MTA1、NF-κB蛋白及mRNA表达水平增加(均P<0.05)。与RA组比较,牛膝多糖组大鼠踝关节变小,关节炎评分降低,踝关节滑膜厚度减少,滑膜炎症评分、骨侵蚀评分和软骨损伤评分降低,滑膜组织MTA1、NF-κB蛋白及mRNA表达水平减少(均P<0.05)。与RA组比较,低表达MTA1组大鼠滑膜组织MTA1、NF-κB蛋白表达减少,骨侵蚀评分减少(均P<0.05)。结论:牛膝多糖可通过下调MTA1/NF-κB通路改善RA大鼠踝关节破坏。

Multi-target pig tracking algorithm based on joint probability data association and particle filter

In order to evaluate the health status of pigs in time,monitor accurately the disease dynamics of live pigs,and reduce the morbidity and mortality of pigs in the existing large-scale farming model,pig detection and tracking technology based on machine vision are used to monitor the behavior of pigs.However,it is challenging to efficiently detect and track pigs with noise caused by occlusion and interaction between targets.In view of the actual breeding conditions of pigs and the limitations of existing behavior monitoring technology of an individual pig,this study proposed a method that used color feature,target centroid and the minimum circumscribed rectangle length-width ratio as the features to build a multi-target tracking algorithm,which based on joint probability data association and particle filter.Experimental results show the proposed algorithm can quickly and accurately track pigs in the video,and it is able to cope with partial occlusions and recover the tracks after temporary loss.

Association between Long-Term Exposure to PM_(2.5) Inorganic Chemical Compositions and Cardiopulmonary Mortality: A 22-Year Cohort Study in Northern China

Particulate matter with diameters≤2.5μm(PM_(2.5))has been identified as a significant air pollutant contributing to premature mortality.Nevertheless,the specific compositions within PM_(2.5) that play the most crucial role remain unclear,especially in areas with high pollution concentrations.This study aims to investigate the individual and joint mortality risks associated with PM_(2.5) inorganic chemical compositions and identify primary contributors.In 1998,we conducted a prospective cohort study in four northern Chinese cities(Tianjin,Shenyang,Taiyuan,and Rizhao).Satellite-based machine learning models calculated PM_(2.5) inorganic chemical compositions,including sulfate(SO_(4)^(2–)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(–)),ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),and chloride(Cl^(-)).A time-varying Cox proportional hazards model was applied to analyze associations between these compositions and cardiorespiratory mortality,encompassing nonaccidental causes,cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),nonmalignant respiratory diseases(RDs),and lung cancer.The quantile-based g-computation model evaluated joint exposure effects and relative contributions of the compositions.Stratified analysis was used to identify vulnerable subpopulations.During 785,807 person-years of follow-up,5812(15.5%)deaths occurred from nonaccidental causes,including 2932(7.8%)from all CVDs,479(1.3%)from nonmalignant RDs,and 552(1.4%)from lung cancer.Every interquartile range(IQR)increase in SO_(4)^(2–)was associated with mortality from nonaccidental causes(hazard ratio:1.860;95%confidence interval:1.809,1.911),CVDs(1.909;1.836,1.985),nonmalignant RDs(2.178;1.975,2.403),and lung cancer(1.773;1.624,1.937).In the joint exposure model,a simultaneous rise of one IQR in all four compositions increased the risk of cardiorespiratory mortality by at least 36.3%,with long-term exposure to SO_(4)^(2–)contributing the most to nonaccidental and cardiopulmonary deaths.Individuals with higher incomes and lower education levels were found to be more vulnerable.Long-term exposure to higher levels of PM_(2.5) inorganic compositions was associated with significantly increased cardiopulmonary mortality,with SO_(4)^(2–)potentially being the primary contributor.These findings offer insights into how PM_(2.5) sources impact health,aiding the development of more effective governance measures.

国外某低铜锌高硫复杂金银矿选冶综合回收试验研究

针对国外某金银矿中黄铁矿含量高、铜锌品位低(Cu 0.11%、Zn 0.22%)、部分金以硫化矿粒间金及裂隙金赋存,银矿物种类多而杂的特点,采用“尼尔森重选-铜优先浮选-全硫混浮抛尾-全硫精矿细磨浸出-氰化尾渣选锌”的选冶联合新工艺,实现了该矿中金、银矿物的绿色分类快速提取和伴生低品位铜、锌矿物的高效综合回收。选冶全流程试验获得总回收率:Au 91.0%、Ag 77.3%、Cu 77.5%、Zn 63.2%,其中重选金银精矿含Au 41523.71 g/t、Ag 13763.36 g/t,铜精矿中含Au 400.8 g/t、Ag 5429.00 g/t、Cu 21.19%,锌精矿中含Zn 35.14%,全硫混浮尾矿(抛废)产率为74.6%。

骨折患者血清NGAL、钙卫蛋白联合检测在骨关节置换术后早期感染中的应用价值

目的探讨骨折患者血清中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白(NGAL)、钙卫蛋白联合检测在骨关节置换术后早期感染中的应用价值。方法选取2021年7月至2022年7月在该院进行骨关节置换术的骨折患者206例作为研究对象,根据骨关节置换术后是否发生感染分为感染组(n=29)和未感染组(n=177)。酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清NGAL、钙卫蛋白水平,多因素Logistic回归分析骨折患者骨关节置换术后感染的影响因素。绘制受试者工作特征曲线分析血清NGAL、钙卫蛋白联合检测在骨折患者骨关节置换术后早期感染中的诊断效能。结果感染组合并糖尿病比例、红细胞沉降率(ESR)显著高于未感染组,而白蛋白显著低于未感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后感染组血清NGAL、钙卫蛋白水平均显著高于术后未感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清NGAL、钙卫蛋白、ESR、合并糖尿病是骨折患者骨关节置换术后早期感染的危险因素,而血清白蛋白是保护因素(P<0.05)。血清NGAL、钙卫蛋白、二者联合诊断骨折患者骨关节置换术后早期感染的曲线下面积分别为0.838、0.813、0.934,二者联合优于血清NGAL、钙卫蛋白各自单独诊断(Z=2.720、2.357,P=0.007、0.018)。结论血清NGAL、钙卫蛋白联合检测对骨折患者骨关节置换术后早期感染的发生具有较优的诊断效能,对临床预后有一定应用价值。

Independent and joint association of physical activity and sedentary behavior on all-cause mortality

Backgrounds:Physical activity(PA)and sedentary behavior(SB)have been associated with mortality,while the joint association with mortality is rarely reported among Chinese population.We aimed to examine the independent and joint association of PA and SB with all-cause mortality in southern China.Methods:A cohort of 12,608 China Hypertension Survey participants aged≥35 years were enrolled in 2013 to 2014,with a follow-up period of 5.4 years.Baseline self-reported PA and SB were collected via the questionnaire.Kaplan–Meier curves(log-rank test)and Cox proportional hazards regression were performed to evaluate the associations of PA and SB on all-cause mortality.Results:A total of 11,744 eligible participants were included in the analysis.Over an average of 5.4 years of follow-up,796 deaths occurred.The risk of all-cause mortality was lower among participants with high PA than those with low to moderate level(5.2%vs.8.9%;hazards ratio[HR]:0.75,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.61–0.87).Participants with SB≥6 h had a higher risk of all-cause mortality than those with SB<6 h(7.8%vs.6.0%;HR:1.37,95%CI:1.17–1.61).Participants with prolonged SB(≥6 h)and inadequate PA(low to moderate)had a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to those with SB<6 h and high PA(11.2%vs.4.9%;HR:1.67,95%CI:1.35–2.06).Even in the participants with high PA,prolonged SB(≥6 h)was still associated with the higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with SB<6 h(7.0%vs.4.9%;HR:1.33,95%CI:1.12–1.56).Conclusions:Among Chinese population,PA and SB have a joint association with the risk of all-cause mortality.Participants with inadequate PA and prolonged SB had the highest risk of all-cause mortality compared with others.

基于证据理论的联合概率数据关联算法

数据关联是目标跟踪技术中的核心部分,多目标情况下的数据关联技术更是研究的重点,由于多目标量测之间的互相干扰、外部环境干扰以及传感器性能等客观因素的约束,使得量测信息部分存在着相应的量测误差,密集环境中的多目标跟踪比较困难。针对这个问题,提出的新算法利用联合概率数据关联方法进行密集杂波环境下的数据关联,结合证据理论的思想对多传感器量测信息进行优化组合,有效地减小了量测误差对跟踪目标的影响。通过仿真结果可以看出,改进算法大大提高了跟踪精度,并具有良好的抗干扰能力,适用于解决工程实际问题。

云锡矿工肺癌危险因素的队列研究

背景与目的吸烟是肺癌的主要病因,在矿工肺癌病因的研究中发现,职业暴露因素也起重要作用。本研究旨在分析氡暴露、吸烟等危险因素对云锡矿工肺癌的影响,为预防和控制肺癌高发提供科学依据。方法利用前瞻性队列研究方法,对云锡矿工肺癌高危人群暴露因素对肺癌死亡的影响进行Cox多因素分析;分析矿工肺癌危险与初始氡暴露年龄及氡暴露率的关系,分析不同吸烟、氡暴露水平下肺癌死亡的危险,并对吸烟和累积氡暴露量之间的交互作用进行分析。结果进入研究时的年龄、吸烟量、累积氡砷暴露、既往慢性支气管炎为云锡矿工肺癌的独立危险因素,教育程度是矿工肺癌的保护性因素;肺癌危险与氡暴露率间存在逆剂量率效应,但与初始氡暴露年龄无明显关联;吸烟和氡暴露对肺癌危险有显著的相加交互作用。结论云锡矿工肺癌高死亡率是多种因素共同作用的结果,危险因素间的交互作用值得进一步深入研究。

刺槐共生菌盆栽接种试验

在盆栽实验条件下通过生物接种技术 ,对豆科固氮树木刺槐进行联合共生体的人工构建 ,定量研究了VA菌根真菌、外生菌根真菌、根瘤菌不同组合情况下对刺槐生长的促进作用并对 3者之间的相互关系进行了探讨。研究表明外生菌根菌与内生菌根菌两者之间的混接具有增效作用 ;菌根菌与根瘤菌之间存在着协同增效作用。促进植株生长的最佳接菌组合是根瘤菌 ) 36 6 ) +VAR +毛边华锈伞 (H .mesophaseum 870 191)

多目标跟踪中的数据关联算法

在目标的正确回落入其跟踪门内的概率PtG <1的情况下 ,推导了联合概率数据关联算法中联合事件发生概率的计算公式。提出了一种能容易地产生多目标和多回波的联合事件的方法———假设树方法。并且提出了一种新的多目标跟踪中数据关联的快速算法。此算法用于解决杂波环境中多目标跟踪的数据关联问题 ,取得了较好的结果。