BACKGROUND Individuals with benign kidney disorders undergoing nephrectomy have three possibilities:Autotransplantation,with a certain risk of complications,but without a clear benefit;discarding the kidney;or living ...BACKGROUND Individuals with benign kidney disorders undergoing nephrectomy have three possibilities:Autotransplantation,with a certain risk of complications,but without a clear benefit;discarding the kidney;or living kidney donation.AIM To investigate whether patients with benign kidney disorders and a medical indication for nephrectomy are suitable as unspecified live kidney donors.METHODS We searched all clinical data from 1994-2019 for unspecified donors and their transplant recipients(n=160).Nine of these 160 donors had pre-existing kidney disorders necessitating nephrectomy and had decided to donate their kidney anonymously after discussing the possibility of kidney donation.We studied the clinical course of these nine donating patients and their transplant recipients.RESULTS Seven of nine donating patients indicated unbearable loin pain as the main complaint,one donating patient refused ureterocutaneostomy and one had two aneurysms of the renal artery.Postoperatively,seven donating patients described absence of pain and one a significant reduction after the nephrectomy.The average 1-year creatinine level in the donating patients was 88μmol/L and after a median of 6.9 years the average creatinine level was 86.6μmol/L.In the transplant recipients,one major complication occurred which led to death and in one transplant recipient graft function failed to normalize at first but has been stable for nine years now.Currently,all transplant recipients are off dialysis.CONCLUSION Our data show that patients undergoing nephrectomy as part of treatment in selected kidney disorders can function as live kidney donors.展开更多
ATPG for very large scale integrated circuit designs is an important problem in industry. With the advent of SOC designs, testing and verification of the core-based designs become a challenging problem. This paper pre...ATPG for very large scale integrated circuit designs is an important problem in industry. With the advent of SOC designs, testing and verification of the core-based designs become a challenging problem. This paper presents an algebraic test generation algorithm with unspecified variable assignments. Given a stuck at fault of the circuit with unspecified signals, the proposed algorithm uses a new encoding scheme for unspecified variable assignments, and solves the Boolean satisfiability formula representing the Boolean difference to obtain a test pattern. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
This paper presents a new test data compression/decompression method for SoC testing,called hybrid run length codes. The method makes a full analysis of the factors which influence test parameters：compression ratio,t...This paper presents a new test data compression/decompression method for SoC testing,called hybrid run length codes. The method makes a full analysis of the factors which influence test parameters：compression ratio,test application time, and area overhead. To improve the compression ratio, the new method is based on variable-to-variable run length codes,and a novel algorithm is proposed to reorder the test vectors and fill the unspecified bits in the pre-processing step. With a novel on-chip decoder, low test application time and low area overhead are obtained by hybrid run length codes. Finally, an experimental comparison on ISCAS 89 benchmark circuits validates the proposed method展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Individuals with benign kidney disorders undergoing nephrectomy have three possibilities:Autotransplantation,with a certain risk of complications,but without a clear benefit;discarding the kidney;or living kidney donation.AIM To investigate whether patients with benign kidney disorders and a medical indication for nephrectomy are suitable as unspecified live kidney donors.METHODS We searched all clinical data from 1994-2019 for unspecified donors and their transplant recipients(n=160).Nine of these 160 donors had pre-existing kidney disorders necessitating nephrectomy and had decided to donate their kidney anonymously after discussing the possibility of kidney donation.We studied the clinical course of these nine donating patients and their transplant recipients.RESULTS Seven of nine donating patients indicated unbearable loin pain as the main complaint,one donating patient refused ureterocutaneostomy and one had two aneurysms of the renal artery.Postoperatively,seven donating patients described absence of pain and one a significant reduction after the nephrectomy.The average 1-year creatinine level in the donating patients was 88μmol/L and after a median of 6.9 years the average creatinine level was 86.6μmol/L.In the transplant recipients,one major complication occurred which led to death and in one transplant recipient graft function failed to normalize at first but has been stable for nine years now.Currently,all transplant recipients are off dialysis.CONCLUSION Our data show that patients undergoing nephrectomy as part of treatment in selected kidney disorders can function as live kidney donors.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60674072)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No.Y106707)
文摘ATPG for very large scale integrated circuit designs is an important problem in industry. With the advent of SOC designs, testing and verification of the core-based designs become a challenging problem. This paper presents an algebraic test generation algorithm with unspecified variable assignments. Given a stuck at fault of the circuit with unspecified signals, the proposed algorithm uses a new encoding scheme for unspecified variable assignments, and solves the Boolean satisfiability formula representing the Boolean difference to obtain a test pattern. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
文摘This paper presents a new test data compression/decompression method for SoC testing,called hybrid run length codes. The method makes a full analysis of the factors which influence test parameters：compression ratio,test application time, and area overhead. To improve the compression ratio, the new method is based on variable-to-variable run length codes,and a novel algorithm is proposed to reorder the test vectors and fill the unspecified bits in the pre-processing step. With a novel on-chip decoder, low test application time and low area overhead are obtained by hybrid run length codes. Finally, an experimental comparison on ISCAS 89 benchmark circuits validates the proposed method
