Comparative efficacy of proximal femoral nail vs dynamic condylar screw in treating unstable intertrochanteric fractures

BACKGROUND Among the most frequent hip fractures are trochanteric fractures,which usually occur from low-energy trauma like minor falls,especially in older people with osteoporotic bones.AIM To evaluate the treatment efficacy of dynamic condylar screws(DCS)and proximal femoral nails(PFN)for unstable intertrochanteric fractures.METHODS To find pertinent randomized controlled trials and retrospective observational studies comparing PFN with DCS for the management of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures,a thorough search was carried out.For research studies published between January 1996 and April 2024,PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,and Google Scholar were all searched.The complete texts of the papers were retrieved,vetted,and independently examined by two investigators.Disputes were settled by consensus,and any disagreements that persisted were arbitrated by a third author.RESULTS This study included six articles,comprising a total of 173 patients.Compared to the DCS,the PFN had a shorter operation time[mean difference(MD):-41.7 min,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-63.04 to-20.35,P=0.0001],higher success rates with closed reduction techniques[risk ratio(RR):34.05,95%CI:11.12-104.31,P<0.00001],and required less intraoperative blood transfusion(MD:-1.4 units,95%CI:-1.80 to-1.00,P<0.00001).Additionally,the PFN showed shorter fracture union time(MD:-6.92 wk,95%CI:-10.27 to-3.57,P<0.0001)and a lower incidence of reoperation(RR:0.37,95%CI:0.17-0.82,P=0.01).However,there was no discernible variation regarding hospital stay,implant-related complications,and infections.CONCLUSION Compared to DCS,PFN offers shorter operative times,reduces the blood transfusions requirements,achieves higher closed reduction success,enables faster fracture healing,and lowers reoperation incidence.

PFNA2 versus 95 Degree Condylar Blade Plate in the Management of Unstable Trochanteric Fractures

Purpose: The proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) is known to have advantages in enhancing the anchorage ability of internal fixation in elderly unstable osteoporotic intertrochanteric fracture patients. However whether it is superior to condylar blade fixation is not clear. This study aimed to determine which treatment has better clinical outcomes in older patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 86 patients over the age of 60 with unstable trochanteric fractures within the past 3 weeks, were included in this prospective study conducted from June 1, 2018, to May 31, 2021. All the intertrochanteric fractures were classified according to AO/OTA classification. Among them, 44 cases were treated with the Proximal Femoral Nail (PFNA2) with or without an augmentation screw, and 42 cases were treated with the Condylar Blade Plate. In addition, the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusion, postoperative weight-bearing time, hospitalization time, Harris score of hip function, Kyle’s criteria and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results: The mean duration of surgery for the PFN group was 66.8 minutes (on average), whereas for the condylar blade plate group, it was 99.30 minutes (on average). The PFNA2 group experienced less blood loss (average of 80 mL) compared to the condylar blade plate group (average of 120 mL). Union and partial weight-bearing occurred earlier in the PFNA2 group (14.1 weeks and 10.6 weeks, respectively) compared to the Condylar blade plate group (18.7 weeks and 15.8 weeks). In two patients from the PFNA2 group, screw backing out and varus collapse complications were encountered;however, these patients remained asymptomatic and did not require revision surgery. In two other patients, screw cut out and breakage of the nail at the helical screw hole leading to non-union of the proximal femur were observed during the nine-month follow-up, necessitating revision surgery with prosthetic replacement. Among the condylar blade plate group, three patients experienced complications, including blade breakage at the blade and plate junction. In two cases, the fracture united in varus, and in one case, the blade cut through, resulting in non-union of the femoral head, which required revision surgery. According to the Harris hip score and Kyle’s criteria, a good-excellent outcome was observed in 92.85% of cases in the PFNA2 group and 90.90% of cases in the condylar blade plate group. Conclusion: Both the Proximal Femoral Nail A2 and Condylar blade plate are effective implants for the treatment of unstable trochanteric fractures. The intramedullary implant promotes biological healing and allows for early ambulation with minimal complications. Similarly satisfactory restoration of anatomy and favorable radiological and functional results can be achieved with the biological fixation provided by the 95-degree condylar blade plate. However, the use of PFNA2 internal fixation technique has the advantage of less trauma in elderly patients than the 95-degree condylar blade plate.

Application of lesser trochanteric reduction fixator in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures

BACKGROUND Closed reduction and internal fixation with intramedullary nails has been widely accepted for treating intertrochanteric fractures.AIM To focus on how to avoid displacement of the lesser trochanter in unstable intertrochanteric fractures.METHODS We developed a lesser trochanteric reduction fixator for treating intertrochanteric fractures through fixing the lesser trochanter by combining the loop plate through the fixator after reduction by the reducer.Five patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated with the newly developed lesser trochanteric reduction fixator and loop plate combined with intramedullary nails,and 20 patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated with simple intramedullary nails were selected from December 2020 to March 2021.RESULTS The postoperative Harris hip score was significantly higher in patients treated with the lesser trochanteric reduction fixator than in patients treated without the lesser trochanteric reduction fixator,which indicated that this lesser trochanteric reduction fixator had a positive impact on rehabilitation of the hip joint after surgery and could significantly improve the quality of life of patients.CONCLUSION We fully realize the significance of trochanteric reduction and fixation,namely,reconstruction of structures under pressure,in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures.As long as the general condition of patients is favorable and they are willing to undergo surgery,fixation of the main fracture end should be performed and the lesser trochanter should be reduced and fixed at the same time.

Proximal Femur Bionic Nail (PFBN): A Panacea for Unstable Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture

With the aging population,intertrochanteric femur fracture in the elderly has become one of the most serious public health issues and a hot topic of research in trauma orthopedics.Due to the limitations of internal fixation techniques and the insufficient mechanical design of nails,the occurrence of complications delays patient recovery after surgical treatment.Design of a proximal femur bionic nail(PFBN)based on Zhang’s N triangle theory provides triangular supporting fixation,which dramatically decreases the occurrence of complications and has been widely used for clinical treatment of unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture worldwide.In this work,we developed an equivalent biomechanical model to analyze improvement in bone remodeling of unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture through PFBN use.The results show that compared with proximal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA)and InterTan,PFBN can dramatically decrease the maximum strain in the proximal femur.Based on Frost’s mechanostat theory,the local mechanical environment in the proximal femur can be regulated into the medium overload region by using a PFBN,which may render the proximal femur in a state of physiological overload,favoring post-operative recovery of intertrochanteric femur fracture in the elderly.This work shows that PFBN may constitute a panacea for unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture and provides insights into improving methods of internal fixation.

Therapeutic Effect of Artificial Femoral Head Replacement and Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation on Elderly Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of artificial femoral head replacement and Proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) in the treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 60 elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA and artificial femoral head replacement from 2015.06 to 2018.06, of which 34 were in the PFNA group (Group A) and 26 in the artificial femoral head replacement group (Group B). Statistical analysis of relevant surgical indicators such as surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative blood transfusion, postoperative time to landing, postoperative infection rate, hospital stay, number of secondary operations, postoperative VAS score, and postoperative Hip function score comparison. Results: All 60 patients were followed up for 1 - 24 months. Compared with the artificial femoral head replacement group, the operation time of PFNA group was shorter, the blood loss during operation was less, and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). Conclusion: The hip joint function and pain scores of the artificial femoral head replacement group in the early and follow-up periods are better than those of the PFNA group. The artificial femoral head replacement is more suitable for the treatment of elderly unstable intertrochanteric fractures.

Effect of proximal femur nail anti-rotation on unstable intertrochanteric fractures: A prospective observational study

Objective:To assess the effect of proximal femur nail anti-rotation on the functional and radiological outcome of unstable intertrochanteric fractures.Methods:This prospective observational study was conducted in the orthopedic department of a tertiary care hospital.Altogether 86 patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated with proximal femur nail anti-rotation between January 2010 and January 2015 were included.Patients were followed in the outpatient clinic at regular intervals after discharge to assess the radiological union of fractures and complications.The functional outcomes were evaluated after 2 years by Harris hip score.Results:All patients achieved a radiological union of fractures after a mean duration of 24.6 weeks.The follow up showed 23 complications(systemic and local).Eight patients developed urinary tract infections,and three patients developed chest infections,two patients had screw cut-out,one patient had knee stiffness,one patient developed superficial surgical site infection,and four patients developed varus collapse and shortening subsequently.The two year follow up showed that 69(80.2%)patients had an excellent and good functional outcome according to Harris hip score.Conclusions:With lower complication rates,proximal femur nail is a valid and reasonable option especially in treating unstable intertrochanteric fractures.

Application of proximal femur locking compression plate for unstable four part intertrochanteric fractures

Objective To evaluate the clinical results of proximal femur locking compression plate (LCP) for unstable four-part intertrochanteric femoral fractures.Methods Clinical data of53patients wiith unstable four-part intertrochanteric

Conversion hip arthroplasty for failed nailing of intertrochanteric fracture: Reflections on some important aspects

In this editorial,I present my comments on the article by Solarino et al.Conversion hip arthroplasty,which is an optional salvage procedure performed following unsuccessful fixation of intertrochanteric femur fractures in elderly pati-ents,entails more complex processes and higher rates of operative complications than primary arthroplasty.Hence,it is important to consider the appropriateness of the primary treatment choice,as well as the adequacy of nailing fixation for intertrochanteric fractures.This article briefly analyzes the possible factors contributing to the nailing failure of intertrochanteric fractures and attempts to find corresponding countermeasures to prevent fixation failures.It also analyzes the choice of treatment between nailing fixation and primary arthroplasty for intertrochanteric fractures.

An Abduction－Traction Frame for the Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur

We present a detailed outline of treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of femur with a new technique on the basis of principles of combined traditional chinese and western medicine. We use pins and an outer fixation frame, which keeps the injured limb in abduction and under traction and at the same time allows for functional exercise of all the joints in the extremity. The procedure is discussed and compared with other different techniques.

Primary Bipolar Arthroplasty in Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures in Elderly

Unstable intertrochanteric fracture in elderly is a challenging surgical condition with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of bipolar arthroplasty as an alternative to the standard treatment of internal fixation. Materials and methods: 41 patients (22 females and 19 males) who had bipolar arthroplasty for unstable intertrochanteric fractures were prospectively evaluated. Modified lateral approach was used in all patients. Clinical evaluation was done using Harris Hip Score (HHS) and radiological follow up was done using plain X-rays. All the patients were 65 years of age or above. Follow up period ranged from (12 - 24) months. Results: During the last follow up, the Harris Hip Score ranged from 93 to 51 with a mean value 78.19. Four cases (9.76%) were excellent (91 - 100), 16 cases (39.02%) good (81 - 90), 16 cases (39.02%) fair (71 - 80) and 5 cases (12.02%) poor (= or < 70). Six cases had complications;infection (1), dislocation (1), stem loosening and subsidence (2), bleeding peptic ulcer (1) and intra-operative crack of the femur while preparing the femoral canal for implant insertion (1). Five patients died within the first year (12.19%). Four patients had revision surgery. Conclusion: Bipolar hemiarthroplasty for the unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur in elderly has a reasonable clinical outcome at 2 years. It is to be considered as one of the treatment options for such injury speciality in case of fragility fractures.

Comparison of Clinical Effect of PFNA and Internal Fixation with Anatomical Locking Plate of Proximal Femur in Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur

Purpose:To investigate the clinical value of proximal femoral nail antirotation and anatomical locking plate of proximal femur in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur.Methods:The study group is treated with PFNA internal fixation.The control group is treated by internal fixation with anatomical locking plate of proximal femur.Results:The time of operation,the amount of intraoperative bleeding and the time of fracture healing in the study group are significantly less than those in the control group.The incidence rate of complication in the study group(3.23%)is significantly lower than that in the control group(17.2%).Data comparison shows P<0.05.Conclusion:The curative effect and prognosis for patients with intertrochanteric fracture of femur treated by PFNA internal fixation are more ideal.

Comparison of Clinical Effect of PFNA and Internal Fixation with Anatomical Locking Plate of Proximal Femur in Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur

Purpose To investigate the clinical value of proximal femoral nail antirotation and anatomical locking plate of proximal femur in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur.Methods The study group is treated with PFNA internal fixation.The control group is treated by internal fixation with anatomical locking plate of proximal femur.Results The time of operation,the amount of intraoperative bleeding and the time of fracture healing in the study group are significantly less than those in the control group.The incidence rate of complication in the study group(3.23%)is significantly lower than that in the control group(17.2%).Data comparison shows P<0.05.Conclusion The curative effect and prognosis for patients with intertrochanteric fracture of femur treated by PFNA internal fixation are more ideal.

Reduction Aid in Proximal Femoral Fractures: The Thigh Support

Reducing the Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures in a closed manner is challenging especially in the old and aged people with co morbidities. We provide a simple reducing aid to achieve the fracture reduction. This will protect your surgical resident’s or operating theatre practitioner’s back in maintaining the reduction throughout the procedure and continuing with the procedure of cephalomedullary nailing. It will also facilitate in the better rehabilitation of the patient with minimal morbidity and offer a good radiographic view.

小转子重建人工股骨头置换治疗高龄Evans-Ⅲ型股骨转子间骨折

背景:人工股骨头置换是治疗高龄不稳定性股骨转子间骨折的有效方法,但是对于Evans-Ⅲ型股骨转子间骨折,人工股骨头置换术中同期行小转子重建与否对治疗效果的影响未见报道。目的:分析小转子重建对高龄Evans-Ⅲ型股骨转子间骨折患者长柄人工股骨头置换治疗效果的影响。方法:回顾性分析西安交通大学第二附属医院骨关节外科2017年6月至2021年5月因Evans-Ⅲ型股骨转子间骨折行双极长柄人工股骨头置换的45例高龄患者的病历资料,根据术中小转子是否重建(复位并固定)分为2组,小转子重建组25例,小转子非重建组20例。比较两组患者的手术时间、出血量、下床时间、住院时间、术后3,6个月的Harris评分以及随访期内的并发症发生情况。结果与结论:①小转子重建组需要的手术时间(99.72±13.41)min较非重建组(88.90±16.53)min更长(t=2.369,P=0.023),二者在出血量、下床时间和住院时间方面差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);②术后3个月时,重建组的Harris评分(69.06±5.64)分高于非重建组(63.35±5.93)分(t=2.982,P=0.005);术后6个月时,重建组的Harris评分(86.67±4.49)分也高于非重建组(82.34±5.68)分(t=2.782,P=0.009);③此外重建组和非重建组在随访期内的并发症发生率未见显著差异(χ2=0.008,P=0.927);④提示对于高龄Evans-Ⅲ型股骨转子间骨折患者,在人工股骨头置换过程中行小转子重建虽然延长了手术时间,但是明显改善了患者术后早期的髋关节功能,初步说明小转子重建在高龄Evans-Ⅲ型转子间骨折人工股骨头置换过程中的重要性。

延长氨甲环酸使用时间有助于减少老年股骨转子间骨折围术期隐性失血

背景:股骨转子间骨折好发于老年人,手术后会出现大量的隐性失血,减少隐性失血可以降低并发症和住院时间。目的:评估延长氨甲环酸的使用时间对股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗转子间骨折围术期隐性失血的影响。方法:选择2022年1月至2023年5月自贡市第四人民医院经急诊收治入院的老年股骨转子间骨折患者共62例,均在牵引床上闭合牵引复位后置入股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗。根据氨甲环酸的使用时间分为2组,对照组38例在切开皮肤前15-30 min给予氨甲环酸1 g静脉滴注,3 h后追加1 g;试验组24例在对照组的基础上,术后第1天再追加氨甲环酸1 g静脉滴注每12 h一次。术前、术后当天、术后第1,3,5天均复查血常规,统计血红蛋白量和红细胞压积,理论总失血量采用Gross方程计算,同时记录两组患者并发症发生情况。结果与结论:①通过统计学分析,两组患者术中显性出血量相差较小,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);②试验组围术期血红蛋白下降量、总失血量、隐性失血量低于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);③试验组术后第3天的血红蛋白值、术后第1,3天的红细胞压积值高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);④两组术后血红蛋白和血小板计数呈下降趋势,第3天的血红蛋白值为最低值,术后第1天的血小板值为最低值,然后开始回升;⑤两组患者术后并发症发生率相比差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);⑥结果表明,术后延迟氨甲环酸的使用时间,可能有助于减少股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗股骨转子间骨折的隐性失血量,并不会增加并发症风险。

髋关节囊周围神经阻滞与髂筋膜间隙阻滞对老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者镇痛效果的对比研究

目的 探讨髋关节囊周围神经(pericapsular nerve group, PENG)阻滞与髂筋膜间隙阻滞(fascia iliaca compartment block, FICB)对老年股骨粗隆间骨折(intertrochanteric femur fracture, IFF)患者股骨近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail anti-rotation, PFNA)内固定术的镇痛效果。方法 选取2022年1—12月首都医科大学附属北京积水潭医院老年IFF患者60例,随机分为P组和F组,每组各30例。P组采用PENG阻滞,F组采用FICB。两组患者均接受椎管内麻醉进行手术,术后均给予患者静脉自控镇痛(patient controlled intravenous analgesia, PCIA)。比较两组患者不同时点(T1,神经阻滞前;T2,神经阻滞后30 min;T3,术后6 h;T4,术后24 h;T5,术后48 h)静息和运动时的视觉模拟评分(visual analogue score, VAS)、术后补救镇痛率、镇痛满意度评分、住院时间、PCIA按压次数及不良反应发生率。结果 60例患者中,男23例,女37例,年龄65~85岁,平均(70.6±6.0)岁。两组T2~T5时点静息和运动时VAS均低于T1时点,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);两组静息和运动时所有时点VAS、术后补救镇痛率、镇痛满意度评分、住院时间、PCIA按压次数及不良反应发生率的比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 PENG阻滞与FICB均可缓解老年IFF患者PFNA内固定术的镇痛,且镇痛效果相当。

加长InterTan治疗老年骨质疏松性不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折的效果

目的探讨加长InterTan治疗老年骨质疏松性不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折的效果。方法选取2017年6月至2021年6月在我院住院的83例老年骨质疏松性不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折患者为研究对象,将其随机分为长钉组(n=42)和标准组(n=41)。长钉组采用加长InterTan治疗,标准组采用标准InterTan治疗。比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、放射暴露时间、术中输血量、尖顶距(TAD)、骨折愈合时间及Harris评分。结果长钉组的手术时间、放射暴露时间长于标准组,术中出血量多于标准组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组的术中输血量、TAD比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。长钉组的骨折愈合时间短于标准组,Harris评分高于标准组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论加长InterTan应用于老年骨质疏松性不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折可取得良好的骨折复位效果,促进骨折愈合,临床应用价值较高,值得推广。

骨水泥联合型股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨转子间骨折的临床效果

目的分析给予老年骨质疏松性股骨转子间骨折患者骨水泥联合型股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)固定治疗的效果。方法选取2020年11月至2023年11月93例老年骨质疏松性股骨转子间骨折患者为研究对象,入院后,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(n=46)、试验组(n=47)两组,对照组给予股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定术,试验组在其基础上增加骨水泥强化固定,对比治疗有效率、各项手术指标、髋关节功能、并发症发生率与内固定物失效率。结果试验组治疗总有效率以及Harris髋关节功能量表(HHS)评分较对照组相比更高(均P<0.05);试验组较对照组的下床行走锻炼时间、恢复正常行走时间、骨折愈合时间更短(均P<0.05);试验组手术并发症发生率与内固定物失效率均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论骨水泥联合型PFNA固定治疗能够对老年骨质疏松性股骨转子间骨折起到显著疗效,可加速患者肢体功能与髋关节功能的康复,减轻患者的疼痛感与不适感。

髓内钉联合钢丝捆扎治疗股骨外侧壁不稳定型转子间骨折疗效分析

目的探讨股骨近端联合加压髓内钉联合钢丝捆扎治疗股骨外侧壁不稳定型转子间骨折的手术方法和术后疗效。方法回顾性分析2020年3月—2022年3月汉中市中心医院骨关节外科收治股骨外侧壁不稳定型转子间骨折患者19例,男性8例,女性11例;年龄56~82岁,平均73.1岁。跌倒摔伤17例,道路交通伤2例。采用2018年新版AO/OTA骨折分类,A2以上为股骨外侧壁不稳定型,其中A2.2型4例,A2.3型8例,A3.1型2例,A3.2型1例,A3.3型4例。患者术前均需行双髋关节正位及患髋侧位X线片,必要时行髋关节CT平扫及三维重建。患者均采用股骨近端联合加压髓内钉联合钢丝捆扎内固定手术治疗。统计患者的住院时间、手术时间、出血量、术后开始下床活动时间,分析患者术后3个月的髋关节功能评分、骨折复位及愈合情况、术后并发症情况。结果术后随访6~12个月,平均9.5个月。19例患者住院时间10~23 d,平均15.4 d。手术时间0.75~2 h,平均1.2 h,术中显性出血量100~220 mL,平均160.7 mL。术后开始下床活动时间为7~14 d,平均9.8 d。骨折愈合时间为3~6个月,平均愈合时间4.1个月,无骨折不愈合。术后X线片显示复位好12例,可5例,差2例。术后3个月Harris功能评分68~97分,平均85.4分,其中优12例,良4例,中2例,差1例,优良率为84.2%。术后发生髋内翻2例。结论采用股骨近端联合加压髓内钉结合小切口钢丝捆扎固定治疗股骨外侧壁不稳定型转子间骨折术后疗效满意。

基于Watson理论的护理干预在老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者中的应用

目的 观察基于Watson理论的护理干预在老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者中的应用。方法 选取2020年5月至2022年5月合肥市第一人民医院收治的90例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组45例。对照组予以常规干预,观察组实施基于Watson理论的护理干预。比较两组干预前后的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、关怀行为评价(CBM)量表评分、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)评分、世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)评分及髋关节Harris评分。结果 干预后,两组VAS评分低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组CBM、GSES、WHOQOL-BREF评分均高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组髋关节康复优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 基于Watson理论的护理干预可改善老年患者股骨粗隆间骨折的疼痛与髋关节功能,提升患者自我效能与生活质量。