UpToDate的认知及使用对中国住院医师的启示

目的 对比分析国内外住院医师临床应用UpToDate的差异,并对中国住院医师使用UpToDate提出建议。方法 在Web of Science、中国知网及万方数据等数据库进行文献检索,通过总结国内外住院医师使用UpToDate的现状及优势,应用Vosviewer对比国内外住院医师在UpToDate临床应用中的差异。结果 国外有关住院医师应用Up ToDate的研究起步较早,其在认知使用、效果评估、临床教学、建议更新等方面均有较为详细的研究,而国内有关住院医师应用UpToDate的研究起步晚,研究数量少,且研究主要集中于UpToDate临床教学方面。结论 借鉴国外经验,国内应加大对UpToDate的宣传与推广,重视其影响评估,提供专业临床资源信息反馈平台,并利用UpToDate积极转变教学方式,从而提高临床决策能力。

UpToDate临床顾问在疑难病诊断中的应用--以POEMS综合征为例

以一例POEMS综合征为例,展示如何使用UpToDate临床顾问辅助疑难病的诊断。详细描述一位54岁女性患者的临床资料、检查结果和治疗过程,根据病例特点,借助UpToDate临床顾问梳理包括糖尿病性多发性神经病的筛查、库欣综合征确诊、低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退症病因、慢性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病的诊断等专业知识和临床诊断思路,在多学科合作基础上,逐渐明晰诊断证据,并通过UpToDate临床顾问和PubMed数据库的互补合用,实现对临床病情全面解读。

A Prospective Survey Comparing Patients’ Experience of a Nurse-Led Clinic and Consultant-Led Clinic for Surveillance of Patients with Dilatation of the Intrathoracic Aorta

Background: Increasing workload in consultant-led clinics often means patients to wait a long time for clinic appointments. To address this, there is an increasing trend in developing nurse-led clinics across many specialities in the National Health Service. This study aims to assess whether the implementation of a nurse-led clinic in thoracic aortic surgery will optimise the utilisation of health care services and improve overall patient satisfaction. Methods: 80 follow-up patients were asked to complete a questionnaire following their appointment in an aortic clinic, which was led either by a consultant (n = 40) or an aortic specialist nurse (n = 40). All patients seen by a nurse in the clinic were assessed by a consultant surgeon prior to the clinic for suitability. No new patients were seen by a nurse. Any patient with an aortic dimension of 5 cm or greater was seen by the consultant. If there were any complicated clinical features, the patient was seen in the consultant-led clinic. Patients were asked questions about their time spent with the respective health care professionals across 12 categories (punctuality, preparedness, understanding of concerns, clarity of speech, listening, respect, explaining, letting you talk, putting you at ease, emotional support, advice and advice for next follow-up). Patients rated each category using an ordinal scale from 0 - 10. Results: Patient scores were greater in nurse-led clinics compared to consultant-led clinics across a number of categories although only punctuality reached significance (mean 9.2 vs. 6.8, p 0.05). Conclusion: Patients were highly satisfied with the nurse-led clinic across all categories, with greater satisfaction for punctuality. These findings suggest that a nurse-led clinic can be implemented for the management of carefully selected thoracic aortic surgery patient without reduction in patient satisfaction.

UpToDate数据库在临床思维培养中的应用——以泌尿外科规范化培训为例

通过对基于循证医学理念的二级数据库(UpToDate)的功能、优缺点,以及在住院医师规范化培训中的应用进行总结,以泌尿外科规范化培训为例,探索并思考如何利用有效的数字化医学资源,持续地提升临床思维的培训质量,包括教学内容的准确与规范、专业知识结构体系构建、循证医学方式的临床决策选择等一系列提高临床思维能力的问题,使规范化培训多样化、形象化、真实化。通过反复的实践教学,逐步建立独立解决问题的能力,以期同质化培养有岗位胜任能力的住院医生。

循证医学临床教学中UpToDate数据库的应用价值

随着移动互联网技术日新月异的发展,临床医学教育也在不断的发展与创新。循证医学相对于传统医学更加符合现代医学的发展趋势。UpToDate数据库是一个经试验证明与提高医疗质量指标、降低住院时间和死亡率相关的资源工具,其医学知识的覆盖面很广。UpToDate数据库相对于其他数据库能更好地为医疗相关人员提供教育服务,其不仅仅能对临床系统学习理论知识方面的教学产生可观的价值,其教学方式更加能培养医学生解决临床实际问题的能力。因此,可将UpToDate数据库加入医学临床教学中,培养医学生理论知识及实践能力,提高医疗教育。

Evaluation of clinical outcomes in an interdisciplinary abdominal pain clinic: A retrospective, exploratory review

BACKGROUND Pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs)are common and wellaccepted to be etiologically complex in terms of the contribution of biological,psychological,and social factors to symptom presentations.Nonetheless,despite its documented benefits,interdisciplinary treatment,designed to address all of these factors,for pediatric FGIDs remains rare.The current study hypothesized that the majority of pediatric patients seen in an interdisciplinary abdominal pain clinic(APC)would demonstrate clinical resolution of symptoms during the study period and that specific psychosocial variables would be significantly predictive of GI symptom improvement.AIM To evaluate outcomes with interdisciplinary treatment in pediatric patients with pain-related FGIDs and identify patient characteristics that predicted clinical outcomes.METHODS Participants were 392 children,ages 8-18[M=13.8;standard deviation(SD)=2.7],seen between August 1,2013 and June 15,2016 in an interdisciplinary APC housed within the Division of Gastroenterology in a medium-sized Midwestern children's hospital.To be eligible,patients had to be 8 years of age or older and have had abdominal pain for≥8 wk at the time of initial evaluation.Medical and psychosocial data collected as part of standard of care were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed in the context of the observational study.Logistic regression was used to model odds of reporting vs never reporting improvement,as well as to differentiate rapid from slower improvers.RESULTS Nearly 70%of patients followed during the study period achieved resolution on at least one of the employed outcome indices.Among those who achieved resolution during follow up,43%to 49%did so by the first follow up(i.e.,within roughly 2 mo after initial evaluation and initiation of interdisciplinary treatment).Patient age,sleep,ease of relaxation,and depression all significantly predicted the likelihood of resolution.More specifically,the odds of clinical resolution were 14%to 16%lower per additional year of patient age(P<0.001 to P=0.016).The odds of resolution were 28%to 42%lower per 1-standard deviation(SD)increase on a pediatric sleep measure(P=0.006 to P<0.040).Additionally,odds of clinical resolution were 58%lower per 1-SD increase on parent-reported measure of depression(P=0.006),and doubled in cases where parents agreed that their children found it easy to relax(P=0.045).Furthermore,sleep predicted the rapidity of clinical resolution;that is,the odds of achieving resolution by the first follow up visit were 47%to 60%lower per 1-SD increase on the pediatric sleep measure(P=0.002).CONCLUSION Outcomes for youth with FGIDs may be significantly improved by paying specific attention to sleep,ensuring adequate skills for relaxation,and screening of and referral for treatment of comorbid depression.

Hello,can you hear me?Orthopaedic clinic telephone consultations in the COVID-19 era-a patient and clinician perspective

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has resulted in seismic changes in healthcare delivery.As a result of this,hospital footfall required to be reduced due to increased risk of transmission of infection.To ensure patients can safely access healthcare,we introduced orthopaedic clinic telephone consultations in our busy district general hospital.AIM To investigate patients’and clinicians’perspective of telephone consultations during COVID-19,and whether this method of consultation could be a viable option in the post-pandemic future.METHODS This is a single centre,prospective study conducted in a busy National Health Service district general hospital.In May 2020,100 non-consecutive adult patients were contacted by independent investigators within 48 h of their orthopaedic clinic telephone consultation to complete a telephone satisfaction questionnaire.The questions assessed satisfaction regarding various aspects of the consultation including overall satisfaction and willingness to use this approach long term.Satisfaction and perspective of 25 clinicians conducting these telephone consultations was also assessed via an online survey tool.RESULTS 93%of patients were overall satisfied with telephone consultations and 79%were willing to continue this method of consultation post-pandemic.Patients found telephone consultations to reduce personal cost and inconvenience associated with attending a hospital appointment.72%of clinicians reported overall satisfaction with this service and 80%agreed that telephone consultations should be used in the future.The majority found it less laborious in time and administration in comparison to face to face consultations.Patients and clinicians expressed their desire for video consultations as a method of further improving their experience with remote consultations.CONCLUSION Our study has shown that telephone consultations are a safe and rapid method of adaptation to the COVID-19 pandemic,achieving the aim of reducing hospital footfall.This method of consultation has resulted in immense clinician and patient satisfaction.Our findings suggest that this tool has benefits in post pandemic healthcare delivery.It has also highlighted that telephone consultations can act as a steppingstone to the introduction of the more complex platform of video consulting.

爱思唯尔——MD consult临床医学的综合图书馆

随着网络的普及与信息技术的发展,利用互联网获取信息已成为人们重要的信息渠道。外文医学期刊是医学工作者的重要信息源,目前电子版及网络版期刊发展迅速,一些网络期刊建立了自己的网站;大型出版商、信息服务机构、数据库生产商等组织了一定数量的电子期刊集中上网,形成了有自己特点的数据库或综合电子图书馆,本文系统介绍MD—consult数据库所包含的十大项目,以其内容丰富、数据权威、快捷方便的检索功能和实用性等特点,为临床专家、医师、药剂师、护士、医学图书馆及其医学院校的学生和病患等人员提供全方位的信息服务。

The impact of a computerized care records service (CRS) on doctors’ work patterns in urological outpatient clinics

Objective: Government targets to reduce waiting times are putting enormous pressures on outpatient services. The implementation of an electronic care records service (CRS) at our hospital in 2008 has led to widespread press coverage of ensuing chaos in clinical administration. We wanted to know how this new electronic system impacted on our working patterns in outpatient clinics and – more specifically – on the time actually spent with the patients. Material & methods: This study was performed 4 and 12 months after implementation of CRS to assess its impact on the time distribution in clinic. Senior doctors were monitored with a stop clock during consultations. Timings for pre- and post-consultation administration, and the actual consultation with the patient were recorded. A total of 170 consultations were evaluated in this way. Results: The key findings were that the total time needed to spend on a urological outpatient of 16 minutes remains unchanged from the pre-CRS era, but a majority (57%) of this time is spent in administration on the computer without the patient involved. Conclusion: No more than 15 patients should be seen in a 4 hour outpatient clinic per doctor. This recommendation drawn up by BAUS before CRS remains still valid. Patient administration related to the consultation that has previously been done by administrative aides is now to be done by the doctors on the computer in the same consultation session. Intended to streamline patient pathways, this does reduce the quality interaction-time between doctor and patients significantly.

MDT联合PBL+CBL模式在临床肝癌教学中的应用

目的探讨多学科会诊(multiple disciplinary team,MDT)联合问题导向教学法(problem based learning,PBL)+案例教学法(case based learning,CBL)教学模式在肝癌临床教学中的应用效果。方法选择2019年10月—2022年6月入院实习的128名临床医学专业学生为研究对象,采用抽签法将其分为对照组64名和观察组64名,对照组采取传统教学模式,观察组采取MDT联合PBL+CBL教学模式。对比两组学生考核成绩、对教学效果的认同度、教学满意度。结果观察组考核成绩得分[理论知识(89.01±6.39)分、病例分析(84.16±5.04)分、技能操作(85.19±6.08)分]均高于对照组[理论知识(80.14±5.63)分、病例分析(76.69±5.60)分、技能操作(75.93±5.47)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组对MDT联合PBL+CBL教学模式能激发学习兴趣(95.31%)、加深对理论知识的理解(100.00%)、提升临床思维能力(93.75%)和临床分析能力(96.88%)、提高理论联系实践的能力(100%)、提升自学能力(96.88%)和团队协作能力(95.31%)的认同度均高于对照组(56.25%、60.94%、39.06%、62.50%、43.75%、35.94%、35.94%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组对教学的满意度(92.19%)高于对照组(51.56%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MDT联合PBL+CBL的肝癌临床教学模式能提高教学质量,提升学生的综合素质。

药学咨询门诊中高血压患者的用药依从性及影响因素分析

目的评估我院药学咨询门诊中高血压患者的用药依从性,并分析其影响因素。方法收集2021年6月至2023年6月就诊于我院药学咨询门诊的389例高血压患者资料,采用单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析影响高血压患者用药依从性及服用不同类别抗高血压药物依从性的相关因素。结果389例高血压患者中,有302例(77.63%)患者的用药依从性高。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,受教育程度[校正后的OR=2.25,95%CI(1.29,3.93),P=0.004]与用药依从性呈正相关,平均血压水平高[校正后的OR=0.19,95%CI(0.10,0.37),P<0.001]、无合并症[校正后的OR=0.47,95%CI(0.26,0.84),P=0.010]和抗高血压药物治疗方案为自由剂量联合[校正后的OR=0.27,95%CI(0.15,0.47),P<0.001]与用药依从性呈负相关;单因素Logistic分析结果显示,服用β-受体阻断药[OR=1.65,95%CI(1.06,2.57),P=0.027]、钙通道阻断药[OR=2.13,95%CI(1.33,3.42),P=0.002]和作用于肾素-血管紧张素系统药物[OR=2.04,95%CI(1.29,3.22),P=0.002]患者的依从性更高。结论我院药学咨询门诊中高血压患者的用药依从性仍需进一步提高;受教育程度越高、平均血压水平越低、有合并症和使用固定剂量组合方案的高血压患者以及应用作用于肾素-血管紧张素系统药物、钙通道阻断药和β-受体阻断药类抗高血压药物患者的依从性可能更高。

我院中医师与中药临床药师联合会诊工作模式建立及实践

目的为医疗机构选择和建立适用于自身临床特色的中药临床药学服务模式提供参考。方法结合临床案例,介绍我院中医师与中药临床药师联合会诊模式的工作流程、服务内容,并进行成效分析。结果我院联合会诊药学服务模式的工作流程分为评估患者用药情况,会诊查房、制定给药方案,床旁教育,药学监护,药学查房和药学延伸服务6个环节。该模式的服务内容主要包括会诊前充分收集临床信息,评估患者药物治疗方案;会诊中针对患者个体化情况,中药临床药师与中医师一起制定给药方案;会诊后开展床旁用药教育,保障患者正确用药;会诊后制定并执行药学监护计划;会诊后监测患者病情变化,及时反馈至会诊中医师以调整给药方案;会诊后提供药学延伸服务,开展药物咨询、药学门诊、联合门诊。该模式建立后,每年服务住院患者近1000人次,服用中药饮片患者的医嘱审核率为100%;个体化用药教育占比达到78.80%,患者满意度为100%;病区中药饮片处方合格率由联合会诊工作开展前的89.33%提高至开展后的97.08%;每年为1000余例患者提供中药相关咨询,为医护人员整理、提供药学资料近百份。结论通过建立中医师与中药临床药师联合会诊工作模式,开展中药临床药学服务,提高了中药饮片的合理使用水平,体现了中药临床药师价值。

我国医疗机构药学会诊工作模式分析:一项范围综述

目的系统总结我国药学会诊的工作模式,为药学会诊的流程标准化、内容规范化与服务同质化提供参考。方法系统检索中英文文献数据库,纳入我国医疗机构发表的药学会诊工作模式文献,由2名研究者筛选与提取关键信息,最终进行定性总结与描述性分析。结果基于纳入的11篇文献,我国临床药师探索的药学会诊工作模式中,会诊内容主要涉及抗感染、肠外营养、癌性疼痛等。药学会诊的总体思路应参考已构建的流程图,具体的会诊问题可参考路径、思维导图或决策树等框架性指导开展工作,最后可根据会诊系统或专科会诊模板撰写会诊意见,采用新型的工作模式(如药师主动会诊)也可促进药学会诊数量和接受率的提升。结论我国医疗机构已初步探索出一系列药学会诊的工作模式,但尚未完善,缺乏统一的质控与评价体系,未来的研究与实践应重点予以关注。

药学门诊对儿童疱疹性咽峡炎用药干预分析

目的总结药学门诊参与儿童疱疹性咽峡炎用药管理的经验。方法选取2020年1月—2022年12月共832例就诊于我院药学门诊及儿科门诊的疱疹性咽峡炎病例,就诊于药学门诊的病例为干预组,就诊于儿科门诊的病例为对照组,干预组按照循证医学原则进行用药建议与指导,对照组不进行干预,所有患儿随访病情直至痊愈。结果832例患儿全部康复,无重症住院病例。干预组与对照组在发热、疼痛、疱疹愈合等时长及血液检查结果均差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),干预组与对照组在药物使用方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),干预组不良反应数量(5例)及治疗费用[(44.30±5.23)元]均显著低于对照组[23例,(178.20±71.40)元](P<0.001)。结论疱疹性咽峡炎属于自限性病毒感染,应按照循证的原则予以对症支持,过度用药并未给儿童带来显著获益,反而增加不良反应风险,增加治疗费用。

全程管理模式对临床药师抗感染会诊效果影响的前后对照单臂观察性研究

目的 探讨全程管理模式对医院临床药师抗感染会诊的影响效果。方法 对长沙市第四医院临床药师抗感染会诊实施全程管理模式前(2021年2—7月)的592例会诊病例和实施全程管理模式后(2022年2—7月)的688例会诊病例的抗菌药物使用疗程、抗菌药物使用品种数、抗菌药物使用费用、抗菌药物使用累计DDD(限定日剂量)数、抗菌药物使用强度、病人住院天数、病人住院费用和病人住院药品费用等指标进行对比和分析。结果 实施全程管理模式后,临床药师参与管理的抗感染会诊病例的抗菌药物使用累计DDD数减少3.31(实施前21.16±19.65,实施后17.85±16.09)、抗菌药物使用强度减少6.79(实施前103.22±58.37,实施后96.43±48.80)、病人住院天数减少2.26 d[实施前(20.59±13.13)d,实施后(18.33±11.71)d],抗菌药物使用天数、抗菌药物使用品种数、抗菌药物使用费用、病人住院费用以及病人住院药品费用等指标差异无统计学意义。结论 全程管理模式对临床药师抗感染会诊效果影响显著,对降低临床药师参与抗感染会诊病例的抗菌药物使用强度及减轻病人疾病负担具有重要意义,值得推广应用。

临床药师参与3例外科术后发热患者的会诊分析

目的通过临床药师参与外科术后发热患者的会诊,探讨临床药师在会诊工作中如何建立有效的会诊思维。方法临床药师对3例术后发热患者从诊疗方案适宜性、药物的不良反应及抗生素的药代动力学达标情况等方面进行分析,帮助临床寻找患者发热的可能原因,并向临床医师提供调整治疗方案的建议。结果临床药师对3例会诊患者提出的调整抗生素治疗方案、停药观察及调整药物给药剂量等建议被医师采纳,患者的发热问题得到解决。结论临床药师可通过对患者个体化用药方案的调整,协助医生解决患者术后发热的常见问题,提高治疗效果。

临床药师参与会诊在特殊使用级抗菌药物规范管理中的作用

目的 规范特殊使用级抗菌药物的合理使用。方法 比较特殊使用级抗菌药物会诊系统上线前后特殊使用级抗菌药物的用药频度(DDDs)、抗菌药物使用强度(AUD)、使用量占比、销售额、多重耐药菌检出率。结果 会诊系统上线后,临床药师参与特殊使用级抗菌药物会诊率达80.28%,临床医师采纳率为90.99%。与2021年相比,2022年特殊使用级抗菌药物的DDDs、AUD、使用量占比及销售额均显著下降(P <0.05);多重耐药菌检出率下降,以耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌最显著(P <0.05)。结论 临床药师参与特殊使用级抗菌药物的会诊,可促进特殊使用级抗菌药物的合理使用,延缓细菌耐药。

数字病理远程会诊平台在组织病理疑难病例诊断中的应用

目的:远程病理诊断虽在病理领域的各方面逐渐彰显出积极作用,但在疑难组织病理诊断中的应用情况尚不清楚。本研究探索数字病理远程会诊平台在组织病理诊断疑难病例的上级专家会诊中的应用。方法:选择重庆医科大学病理诊断中心2013年4月至2023年6月采用“数字病理远程诊断与质控平台”中的407例信息完整的组织病理疑难会诊病例为研究对象。对会诊病例的各系统/器官/科室比例、专家意见进行总结归类,评价会诊结果、分析会诊及时率。同时通过问卷调查分析本诊断中心病理医生对远程病理会诊平台的看法。结果:会诊病例系统/器官分类最多的3个为骨组织、软组织、女性生殖系统。本科室诊断意见与专家诊断结果的符合率为84.28%,不符合率为15.72%。远程会诊专家诊断时间为1 d的占67.81%,>5 d的占6.88%。问卷调查结果显示:80.95%的医师赞同或非常赞同“遇到疑难病例会选择远程会诊”;85.71%的医师赞同或非常赞同“觉得从远程会诊中可以学习收获”;病理、临床信息提供不全面,数字化图片质量不佳在“影响远程会诊质量的因素”中占比较高。结论:组织病理的远程会诊可以及时、有效地解决疑难病例的诊断问题,在为患者提供便捷就诊途径的同时,对病理医师病理诊断水平的提高也有积极作用,可为智能化诊疗模式的发展提供有益的参考。

基于妊娠用药登记平台的父方药物暴露临床药学服务

目的交流国内围孕期父方用药行为及模式,探讨临床药师在父方药物暴露方面可提供的药学服务类型及作用。方法以围孕期父方药物暴露患者为服务对象,介绍临床药师基于妊娠/哺乳期药学门诊开展父方药物暴露咨询的临床实践工作模式。对咨询病例信息进行回顾性调查,分析人群药物暴露特征,并与国外致畸信息服务中心数据进行比较。结果2017年10月—2022年9月,共为门诊404例父方暴露患者提供药学咨询服务,建立标准化接诊流程。父方药物暴露咨询占比3.6%,以非计划妊娠用药最为常见(79.2%),人均暴露药品(2.6±1.7)种。咨询排名前5位药物类型为抗微生物药、中成药、心血管系统药物、消化系统药物及内分泌系统药物;使用频率最高5种药物为头孢菌素、沙坦类药物、恩替卡韦、左氧氟沙星、二甲双胍。开展妊娠结局有效随访261例,随访率81.6%,现有随访结果未提示父方药物暴露后的先天性异常信号。结论国内父方药物暴露很少受到关注,研究证据十分有限。由临床药师向公众和医疗保健人员提供基于循证证据的药物风险评估与药物治疗建议,并基于病例开展观察性研究,对促进备孕期父方用药安全具有重要意义。

护理咨询在特需门诊服务中的应用

目的提高护理咨询在特需门诊服务中的应用效果,从而进一步提高患者复诊量、预约量及满意度。方法医院2021年3月—8月在特需门诊服务中设置护理咨询,对实施护理咨询前后工作指标情况进行总结,并对实施前后1周患者基本信息情况进行统计分析。结果实施护理咨询后就诊量、预约量、满意度分别57.07%、70.57%和100.00%,与未增设护理咨询前相比提高(P<0.01),咨询指导时间明显缩短(P<0.01),就诊效率提升,并且实施护理咨询后各科室、不同年龄段及不同文化程度人群就诊量均有增加。结论在特需门诊服务中设置护理咨询,能够改善门诊护理服务质量,可提升预约量与复诊量,对提升不同年龄段及不同文化程度患者对疾病的了解程度具有积极意义。