Analysis of Roadbed Pavement Designs for Highway Reconstruction and Upgrading

This paper focuses on the route and roadbed pavement design in highway reconstruction and upgrading projects.It discusses the importance of project design for highway reconstruction and upgrading,highlighting key aspects of route design and roadbed pavement design.The analysis reveals that the main design considerations in these projects include controlling factors of route reconstruction,expansion,and upgrading,as well as route plan design and longitudinal section design combined with roadbed pavement.In roadbed pavement design,it is crucial for designers to thoroughly collect existing data and make reasonable use of the current roadbed and pavement to develop a comprehensive design scheme.This analysis aims to provide a reference for the reasonable design of such projects.

Two-tiered reconstruction of Late Pleistocene to Holocene changes in the freezing level height in the largest glacierized areas of the Colombian Andes

One way of deducing vertical shifts in the altitudinal distribution of Colombian high-altitude páramo environments is by inferring fluctuations in the height of the local freezing level.In our research,we are implementing two complementary approaches to reconstruct Late Pleistocene to Holocene changes in the freezing level height(FLH)in two of the most extensively glacier-covered areas of the northern Andes.We combined remote sensing and field-based geomorphological mapping with time-series reconstruction of changes in the altitude of the 0°C isotherm.Changes in the FLH were based on alreadypublished~30 kyr paleo-reconstructions of sea surface temperatures(SSTs)of the eastern tropical Pacific and the western tropical Atlantic,as well as on reconstructed long-term sea level changes and empirical orthogonal functions of present-day(historical)Indo-Pacific and tropical Atlantic SST anomalies.We also analyzed the probability distribution of air-sea temperature differences and the spatial distribution of grid points with SSTs above the minimum threshold necessary to initiate deep convection.We considered available historical nearsurface and free air temperature data of ERA-Interim reanalysis products,General Circulation Model(GCM)simulations,weather stations,and(deployed by our group)digital sensors,to assess the normal Environmental Lapse Rates(ELRs)at the regional to local scale.The combined maps of glacial landforms and our reconstructed FLHs provided us with a wellfounded inference of potential past glacier advances,narrowing down the coarse resolution of ice margins suggested by previous research efforts.The extent of the areas with temperatures below the freezing point suggested here for the summits of our main study site exceeds in magnitude the corresponding glacier icecaps and front advances proposed by previous studies.Conversely,our average lowest altitudes of the FLH for our comparative site are consistently above the main glacier-front advances previously suggested.Our results indicate that,compared to the maximum upward changes that likely took place over the past ca.20,000 years in our two areas of interest,the observed(present-day)upward shifts of the FLH have occurred at a rate that significantly surpasses our inferred rates.Our study helps fill the gaps in understanding past climatic changes and present trends in the region of interest and provides some insights into analyzing the signals of natural and anthropogenic climate change.

The Industrial Advantage Revolution——Reconstruction and Upgrading in Sild Industry——The Third Series of Reports on Shengzhou:Building the Global Silk Industrial Cluster

Due to the increasing price of raw material,the appreciation of RMB and the change in draw- back tax policy,the tie producing industry of Shengzhou has met a new crossroad after 20 years’ development.The Shengzhou government is researching in the prospective development of tie industry,and has decided to implement the"Silk Expanding Project",whose goal is to form a silk industry base of China and even the world basing on the tie industry and other related textile industry.

3D reconstruction method and connectivity rules of fracture networks generated under different mining layouts

In current research,a series of triaxial tests,which were employed to simulate three typical mining layouts(i.e.,top-coal caving,non-pillar mining and protected coal seam mining),were conducted on coal by using MTS815 Flex Test GT rock mechanics test system,and the fracture networks in the broken coal samples were qualitatively and quantitatively investigated by employing CT scanning and 3D reconstruction techniques.This work aimed at providing a detail description on the micro-structure and fractureconnectivity characteristics of rupture coal samples under different mining layouts.The results show that:(i)for protected coal seam mining layout,the coal specimens failure is in a compression-shear manner and oppositely,(ii)the tension-shear failure phenomenon is observed for top-coal caving and non-pillar mining layouts.By investigating the connectivity features of the generated fractures in the direction ofσ_1,under different mining layouts,it is found that the connectivity level of the fractures of the samples corresponding to non-pillar mining layout was the highest.

Bi-level programming model for reconstruction of urban branch road network

Considering the decision-making variables of the capacities of branch roads and the optimization targets of lowering the saturation of arterial roads and the reconstruction expense of branch roads, the bi-level programming model for reconstructing the branch roads was set up. The upper level model was for determining the enlarged capacities of the branch roads, and the lower level model was for calculating the flows of road sections via the user equilibrium traffic assignment method. The genetic algorithm for solving the bi-level model was designed to obtain the reconstruction capacities of the branch roads. The results show that by the bi-level model and its algorithm, the optimum scheme of urban branch roads reconstruction can be gained, which reduces the saturation of arterial roads apparently, and alleviates traffic congestion. In the data analysis the arterial saturation decreases from 1.100 to 0.996, which verifies the micro-circulation transportation's function of urban branch road network.

Two-level reconstruction of isolated fracture of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus

Fractures of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus are typically met in combination with other injuries of the shoulder. Case reports of isolated lesser tuberosity fractures are particularly rare and, consequently,therapeutic protocols have not yet been completely clarified. Conservative as well as surgical treatment has been recommended, while several operative techniques have been applied. We present a case of a 39-yearold man with an isolated lesser tuberosity fracture who was treated surgically in our institution. Due to fracture comminution, a two-level reconstruction technique with headless screws and buttress plate was applied. As far as we know, this method of fixation of this type of fracture has not been previously described in the literature.The patient tolerated the procedure well and excellent results were obtained at the latest follow-up.

Implicit Shape Reconstruction of Unorganized Points Using PDE-Based Deformable 3D Manifolds

In this work we consider the problem of shape reconstruction from an unorganized data set which has many important applications in medical imaging, scientific computing, reverse engineering and geometric modelling. The reconstructed surface is obtained by continuously deforming an initial surface following the Partial Differential Equation (PDE)-based diffusion model derived by a minimal volume-like variational formulation. The evolution is driven both by the distance from the data set and by the curvature analytically computed by it. The distance function is computed by implicit local interpolants defined in terms of radial basis functions. Space discretization of the PDE model is obtained by finite co-volume schemes and semi-implicit approach is used in time/scale. The use of a level set method for the numerical computation of the surface reconstruction allows us to handle complex geometry and even changing topology,without the need of user-interaction. Numerical examples demonstrate the ability of the proposed method to produce high quality reconstructions. Moreover, we show the effectiveness of the new approach to solve hole filling problems and Boolean operations between different data sets.

Devonian Sea-Level Change Rhythms in South China and Coupling Relationships Among the Earth-spheres

Twenty orthosequences and their corresponding sea-level change (SLC) cycles have been recognized in the Devonian overlying the Caledonian unconformity, of which 9, 5.5 and 5.5 occurred in the Lower, Middle and Upper Devonian respectively. They can be grouped into 4 orthosequence sets, in which the maximum flooding surfaces lie in the sulcutus Zone (D12), perbonus Zone (D13), Middle and Upper varcus Zone (D22) and gigas Zone (D21) respectively. Four instant palaeogeographical reconstructions of South China have been made in the Emsian and Givetian. Devonian sea-level change rhythms of South China can be divided into 3 categories: the autorhythmic, the worldwide and regional allorhythmic, and the coupling-rhythmic. They developed respectively in the Famennian, Pragian, Eifelian, Lochkovian, Emsian, Givetian, Frasnian and the F / F (between the Frasnian and Famennian) event. The cause of the worldwide allorhythmic SLC of the Pragian and Eifelian under comparatively dry, warm and tranquil conditions may be related to the pulsating expanding and contracting of the oceanic basin volume or the earth volume pulsation, rather than the common glaciation and plate tectonism. The coupling-rhythmic SLC related to the F/ F event is a sensitive indicator of the interaction between terrestrial and extraterrestrial factors, and coordinated action among the earth-spheres.

SELECTION OF PROPER EMBEDDING DIMENSION IN PHASE SPACE RECONSTRUCTION OF SPEECH SIGNALS

In phase space reconstruction of time series, the selection of embedding dimension is important. Based on the idea of checking the behavior of near neighbors in the reconstruction dimension, a new method to determine proper minimum embedding dimension is constructed. This method has a sound theoretical basis and can lead to good result. It can indicate the noise level in the data to be reconstructed, and estimate the reconstruction quality. It is applied to speech signal reconstruction and the generic embedding dimension of speech signals is deduced.

三级AO+深度处理组合工艺在中小型城镇污水厂中的应用

由于排放标准的提高和进水水质的变化,成都市某污水厂需提标改造。改造后,处理规模为2 500 m^(3)/d不变,出水水质需达到《四川省岷江、沱江流域水污染物排放标准》(DB 51/2311—2016)。本工程采用充分利用原有的生化池,改建为三级AO池并新建深度处理设施的改造方式,该改造方式节省投资、不新征用土地、抗冲击负荷强,仅需约30 min短时间碰管停水,改造后工艺运行稳定可靠,达到DB 51/2311—2016的要求(CODCr≤30 mg/L,氨氮≤1.5 mg/L,总氮≤10 mg/L,总磷≤0.3 mg/L)。项目可为中小型城镇污水厂提标改造提供借鉴经验。

湖北某ICEAS工艺污水处理厂升级改造工程设计

湖北某污水处理厂设计规模1.5×104 m^(3)/d,采用间歇式循环延时曝气活性污泥法(ICEAS工艺)。为落实“长江大保护”政策,保护三峡库区水环境质量,在充分利用现有设施的基础上,对污水处理厂进行升级改造工程设计。基于污水厂现状运行状况,提出污水处理厂升级改造设计思路,重新确定设计规模及进出水水质,通过优化调整生物池工艺参数及运行模式,把ICEAS工艺升级改造为CASS工艺,同时增设三级深度处理工艺。项目实施后的运行结果表明,污水处理厂出水水质稳定达到GB18918—2002一级A标准。

IFAS工艺用于提标改造的运行效果及污染物降解动力学

采用IFAS工艺(固定生物膜-活性污泥系统)对某污水处理厂原有的AAO工艺进行强化脱氮处理,出水水质执行《太湖地区城镇污水处理厂及重点工业行业主要水污染物排放限值》(DB 32/1072-2018)中表2标准及《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)中一级A标准。对提标改造前后运行效果进行分析,改造后COD_(Cr)、氨氮、TN和TP的去除效果得到较为明显提高;并利用Lawrence-McCarty模型建立该系统的降解动力学方程,得出该处理系统的COD_(Cr)、氨氮和TN的最大比降解速度与饱和常数。结果表明:该系统中,COD_(Cr)、氨氮和TN的最大比降解速度分别为0.65、0.49 d^(-1)和0.19 d^(-1),饱和常数分别为111.62、28.06 mg/L和50.82 mg/L。通过实际污水运行效果对方程进行相关性验证,证明出水浓度的模拟值与实际值拟合度良好,相对误差分别为0.03~0.16、0.09~0.34、-0.35~-0.23。研究对IFAS工艺提标改造具有一定的应用参考价值。

BIOLAK-L工艺脱氮除磷提标改造工程实例

通过分析某污水厂BIOLAK-L工艺在实际运行中存在的问题,针对性地给出了提标改造工艺方案,对原BIOLAK-L工艺的好氧区、沉淀池增设导流墙,封堵洞口,增设推流器,将其改造为AAO工艺,新建高效混凝沉淀池、纤维转盘滤池等深度处理工艺,实现脱氮除磷提标改造的目的。改造后出水各项指标均优于GB18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准,生化系统对TN的去除率由40%~58%提高到73%~79%,新建深度处理单元对SS、TP去除率分别为85%~91%、62%~77%,达到了提标改造的目标。

AAO-RPIR工艺在某污水处理厂扩建工程中的应用

某市现状2万m^(3)/d污水厂进水来源为锂电新能源、医药、机电、新材料等工业企业排放的生产废水及部分生活污水。目前,该厂已超负荷运行,急需进行扩建。依据发展规划,扩建新征用地需在现有厂区外围开挖山体。为减少工程投资,必须严格控制用地。根据进水性质、工程紧迫性,采用工艺需具有耐冲击负荷性强、工程启动快、出水水质稳定等特点。考虑现状一期膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺的高电耗问题,采用了一种新型厌氧-缺氧-好氧-快速生化污水处理技术(AAO-RPIR),文中主要介绍工程的设计特点及实际运行情况。与一期现状2万m^(3)/d MBR运行数据对比分析,该工艺对主要污染物去除效果高效可靠,对COD_(Cr)、SS、TP、TN及氨氮的去除率分别为89%、91%、75%、50%及98%,与MBR工艺基本无差别。但相对于MBR工艺,RPIR工艺能节约用电50%以上,吨水节约用地0.06 m^(2),节省膜更换费用。本工程设计、运行结果可为其他类似污水厂提标改造及扩容设计提供新思路。

RPIR化工反应器用于UNITANK池提标改造的研究

赣州中心城区市政基础设施不断完善,公用事业快速发展,城市功能进一步增强。城市人口剧增,带来用水量急剧增大,相应的污水量猛增。这些污水直接排入赣江,其污染物总量远远超过环境容量,会对环境造成巨大破坏。根据城乡建设局下发的“关于加快推进城镇污水处理厂提标改造相关工作的通知”,现有污水处理厂需进行提标改造,按一级A排放标准执行,因此对赣州市某污水处理厂一期工程进行提标改造是非常必要的。针对该污水处理厂实际进出水水质的特点、用地条件和运营中存在的问题,提出二级处理采用RPIR工艺,以适应进水水量、水质的变化,磁混凝澄清池+反硝化滤池作为深度处理段,末端采用次氯酸钠消毒。改造后出水可稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中的一级A标准,同时改造工程建设总投资少,运行费用低。由此可见,RPIR工艺非常适合对UNITANK工艺进行原位提标改造。

基于A^(2)/O工艺污水厂改造与提标工程设计

南方某污水厂提标扩建工程,一期A^(2)/O好氧区采用MBBR工艺改造并增大缺氧区容积;二期提标采用高效沉淀池+纤维转盘滤池+紫外消毒工艺,强化脱氮除磷及SS去除,并对全厂进行除臭设计。提标扩建后总规模12×10^(4)m^(3)/d,直接运行成本约0.63元/m^(3),出水均值为COD 17.10 mg/L、BOD55.40 mg/L、SS 5.80 mg/L、NH_(4)^(+)-N 0.90 mg/L、TN 5.90 mg/L、TP 0.30 mg/L。均优于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准,其经验可供其他污水厂借鉴。

五段Bardenpho工艺用于屠宰废水提标改造

牲畜屠宰废水原有处理工程主体工艺为A/O,运行中NH_(3)-N、TN及TP无法稳定达到排放标准。通过改造并新建构筑物,调整各构筑物功能,提标改造工程以五段Bardenpho为主体工艺,实现强化脱氮除磷。连续7个月的运行数据表明,系统出水CODCr、NH3-N、TN、TP平均值分别为55.25mg/L、2.78 mg/L、33.19mg/L、1.74 mg/L,各指标均达到排放标准,甚至优于回用标准。

改良AAO+深床反硝化滤池工艺用于污水处理厂提标改造

成都平原某镇地处岷江流域水质重点控制区域,按照《四川省岷江、沱江流域水污染物排放标准》(DB51/2311-2016),需对该地现状2座污水处理厂进行提标技术改造。技改主体工艺是将原CASS池改良为AAO+深床反硝化滤池+高密度沉淀池,建成运行2 a后发现,该工艺安全可靠,全流程出水稳定达标,处理吨水成本1.56元/m^(3),优于大部分污水处理厂。