Vestrogothia spinata(Phosphatocopina,Crustacea),Fossils of Orsten-type Preservation from the Upper Cambrian of Western Hunan,South China

Fossils of Orsten-type preservation represented by the crustacean Skaracarida and Phosphatocopida were found in western Hunan, South China in 2005, including the important phosphatocopid species Vestrogothia spinata based on exquisitely preserved soft-bodied specimens that allow the first growth stage to be reestablished. The taxonomy of Vestrogothia spinata is revised employing the character of a two-divided limb stem of the mandible. A new foundation for the phylogeny of the Phosphatocopina using mandible characters related to crustacean appendages is postulated. Vestrogothia spinata has only previously been found from Sweden.

Characteristics and Dolomitization of Upper Cambrian to Lower Ordovician Dolomite from Outcrop in Keping Uplift, Western Tarim Basin, Northwest China

Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician sedimentary rocks in the western Tarim Basin, Northwest China, are composed of shallow-marine platform carbonates. The Keping Uplift is located in the northwest region of this basin. On the basis of petrographic and geochemical features, four matrix replacement dolomites and one type of cement dolomite are identified. Matrix replacement dolomites include （1） micritic dolomites （MD1）; （2） fine-coarse euhedral floating dolomites （MD2）; （3） fine-coarse euhedral dolomites （MD3）; and （4） medium-very coarse anhedral mosaic dolomites （MD4）. Dolomite cement occurs in minor amounts as coarse saddle dolomite cement （CD1） that mostly fills vugs and fractures in the matrix dolomites. These matrix dolomites have δ18O values of ？9.7‰ to ？3.0‰ VPDB （Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite）; δ13C values of ？0.8‰ to 3.5‰ VPDB; 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.708516 to 0.709643; Sr concentrations of 50 to 257 ppm; Fe contents of 425 to 16878 ppm; and Mn contents of 28 to 144 ppm. Petrographic and geochemical data suggest that the matrix replacement dolomites were likely formed by normal and evaporative seawater in early stages prior to chemical compaction at shallow burial depths. Compared with matrix dolomites, dolomite cement yields lower δ18O values （？12.9‰ to ？9.1‰ VPDB）; slightly lower δ13C values （？1.6‰-0.6‰ VPDB）; higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios （0.709165-0.709764）; and high homogenization temperature （Th） values （98°C-225°C） and salinities （6 wt%-24 wt% NaCl equivalent）. Limited data from dolomite cement shows a low Sr concentration （58.6 ppm） and high Fe and Mn contents （1233 and 1250 ppm, respectively）. These data imply that the dolomite cement precipitated from higher temperature hydrothermal salinity fluids. These fluids could be related to widespread igneous activities in the Tarim Basin occurring during Permian time when the host dolostones were deeply buried. Faults likely acted as important conduits that channeled dolomitizing fluids from the underlying strata into the basal carbonates, leading to intense dolomitization. Therefore, dolomitization, in the Keping Uplift area is likely related to evaporated seawater via seepage reflux in addition to burial processes and hydrothermal fluids.

Porosity distribution in cyclic dolomites of the Lower Qiulitag Group(Upper Cambrian)in northwestern Tarim Basin,China

Increasing interests in hydrocarbon resources at depths have drawn greater attentions to the deeply-buried carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin in China.In this study,the cyclic dolomite rocks of Upper Cambrian Lower Qiulitag Group from four outcrop sections in northwestern Tarim Basin were selected to investigate and evaluate the petrophysical properties in relation to depositional facies and cyclicity.The Lower Qiulitag Group includes ten lithofacies,which were deposited in intermediate to shallow subtidal,restricted shallow subtidal,intertidal,and supratidal environments on a carbonate ramp system.These lithofacies are vertically stacked into repeated shallowing-upward,meter-scale cycles which are further grouped into six third-order depositional sequences(Sq1 to Sq6).There are variable types of pore spaces in the Lower Qiulitag Group dolomite rocks,including interparticle,intraparticle,and fenestral pores of primary origin,inter crystal,and vuggy pores of late diagenetic modification.The porosity in the dolomites is generally facies-selective as that the microbially-originated thrombolites and stromatolites generally yield a relatively high porosity.In contrast,the high-energy ooidal grainstones generally have very low porosity.In this case,the microbialite-based peritidal cycles and peritidal cycle-dominated highstand(or regressive)successions have relatively high volumes of pore spaces,although highly fluctuating(or vertical inhomogeneous).Accordingly,the grainstone-based subtidal cycles and subtidal cycle-dominated transgressive successions generally yield extremely low porosity.This scenario indicates that porosity development and preservation in the thick dolomite successions are primarily controlled by depositional facies which were influenced by sea-level fluctuations of different orders and later diagenetic overprinting.

Conodonts from the Upper Cambrian Sesong and Hwajeol Formations in the Sabuk Area, South Korea

This paper presents a conodont biostratigraphic study on the Upper CambrianSesong and Hwajeol Formations in the Sabuk area, Korea. Two samples near the base of the SesongSlate at the Pukil section contain lower Upper Cambrian conodonts, comprising Furnishina furnishi,F. kranzae, F. pernica?, F. triangulata, Hertzina elongata, Laiwugnathus doidyxus?, Phakeloduselongatus, Muellerodus? obliquus, Westergaardodina matsushitai and W. moessebergensis. This is thefirst conodont record of the Upper Cambrian formations recovered yet in the northern limb of thePaekunsan syncline. The faunal assemblage is correlatable with the lower Upper Cambrian W.matsushitai Zone of North China. Four local biozones are recognized in the Hwajeol Formation, i.e.the Proconodontus, Eoconodontus notchpeakensis, cambrooistodus minutus and Cordylodus proavus Zonesin ascending order. This zonal scheme is essentially equivalent to that of the southern limb of thePaekunsan syncline and they are correlatable with zones in other parts of the world, including NorthAmerica, Australia, Iran and China.

Sequence stratigraphy and lithofacies paleogeography of the Middle–Upper Cambrian Xixiangchi Group in the Sichuan Basin and its adjacent area, SW China

Based on isotopic, lithologic and electrical data and logging cycle analysis technique, stratigraphic sequences in the Middle-Upper Cambrian Xixiangchi Group in the Sichuan Basin and its adjacent area are divided, and its sedimentary characteristics and evolution are analyzed. The Xixiangchi Group can be divided into 5 third-order sequences(Sql-Sq5), of which sequences Ⅰ to Ⅲ(Sql-Sq3) are relatively complete, sequences Ⅳ and Ⅴ are denuded in the Late Cambrian because of the Dian-Chuan paleo-uplifts.Third-order sequences of the Xixiangchi Group in this area have the characteristics of thin in the west and thick in the east, showing that the Caledonian paleo-uplift is a synsedimentary paleo-uplift and the paleogeomorphology in the platform is a gentle slope. Sequence Ⅰdevelops high stand systems tract and transgressive systems tract. The other third-order sequences are dominated by highstand systems tracts, and the transgressive systems tracts last shortly in time and are limited in area. The basic features of evaporative-restricted platform of gentle slope type developed continuously in the sedimentary period of the Xixiangchi Group, its sedimentary environment of "high in west and low in east" and the change of micro paleogeomorphology in the platform control the continuous development of sedimentary facies. Open platform is developed only in sequence Ⅰ and sequence Ⅱ, and the inner beach of the platform and the edge beach of the platform are mostly developed in sequence Ⅱ and sequence Ⅲ. It indicates that there are two platform margin zones in the study area,a relatively stable, large-scale platform marginal zone in NE Guizhou-Western Hunan and Hubei, and a moving and small-scale platform marginal zone in North Chongqing-Western Hubei.

From Basin Black Shales to Platform Carbonate Rocks:A Study on Sequence Stratigraphy for the Lower Cambrian of the Upper-Yangtze Region in South China

In the Upper-Yangtze region, especially in Guizhou Province and its adjacent areas, the Lower Cambrian is well developed and is marked by a succession from black shales of the basin facies to carbonate rocks of the platform facies. The drowning event of the platform occurring at the turn from Sinian to Cambrian resulted in a set of black shales, i.e. the Niutitang Formation, which makes up the bottom part of the Lower Cambrian. With the shoaling of the sedimentary environment, a set of carbonate rocks, i.e. the Qingxudong Formation, was formed in the top part of the Lower Cambrian. Thus, the Lower Cambrian in the study area makes up one second-order sequence that can be further subdivided into five third-order sequences, and forms a regularly cyclic succession of transgression-regression. There is a regularly vertical stacking pattern for the third-order sequences in the second-order sequence. From bottom to top, the succession of the ＂CS （condensed section） ＋HST （high-stand system tract）＂ of the third-order sequences is changed into the succession of the ＂TST （transgressive system tract）＋CS＋HST＂. Correspondingly, the drowning-type sequence boundary is changed into the exposure-type one. Therefore, both the second-order and the third-order sequences have similar sedimentary-facies architectures. A concomitant with these temporal changes, the Lower Cambrian with a thickness of 1000 m that contains five third-order sequences is changed into a condensed succession that cannot identify third-order sequences toward the southeast with the deepening of the sedimentary environment. According to the elementary features of the third-order sequences, i.e. the regularity o sedimentary-facies successions in space and the synchronism of sedimentary-environment changes in time, the detailed division of the third-order sequences at main logged sections in different paleogeographical background becomes the basis to establish the sequence-stratigraphic framework that can demonstrate two types of facies-changing surface and two types of diachronism in the stratigraphic records. This sequence-stratigraphic framework shows a growing process of the carbonate platform from the base of the condensed succession formed by black shales of basin facies. Resulting from the rapid transgression at the turn from Sinian to Cambrian the ecological space became open, which formed the antecedent condition of paleogeographical setting for ＂the Cambrian Biological Explosion＂. Ultimately, the genetic relationship between the depositional events and the biological-diversity events is very complex and there remain lots of problems that need further research in the future.

Controls on the organic carbon content of the lower Cambrian black shale in the southeastern margin of Upper Yangtze

Control of various factors, including mineral components, primary productivity and redox level, on the total organic carbon(TOC) in the lower Cambrian black shale from southeastern margin of Upper Yangtze(Taozichong, Longbizui and Yanbei areas) is discussed in detail in this article. Mineral components in the study strata are dominated by quartz and clay minerals. Quartz in the Niutitang Formation is mainly of biogenic origin, and the content is in positive correlation with TOC, while the content of clay minerals is negatively correlated with TOC. Primary productivity, represented by the content of Mobio(biogenic molybdenum), Babio(biogenic barium) and phosphorus, is positively correlated with TOC. The main alkanes in studied samples are nCC, and odd–even priority values are closed to 1(0.73–1.13), which suggest the organic matter source was marine plankton. Element content ratios of U/Th and Ni/Co and compound ratio Pr/Ph indicate dysoxic–anoxic bottom water, with weak positive relative with TOC. In total, three main points can be drawn to explain the relationship between data and the factors affecting organic accumulation:(1) quartz-rich and clay-mineral-poor deep shelf–slope–basin environment was favorable for living organisms;(2) high productivity provided the material foundation for organic generation;(3) the redox conditions impact slightly on the content of organic matter under high productivity and dysoxic–anoxic condition.

Subdivision and Correlation of Middle and Upper Cambria in North China in Light of Sequence Stratigraphy

Correlation of Middle and Late Cambrian cyclic carbonates from the widely separated Zhangxia section, Qingxing section, Xishan section and Zhaogezhuang section has defined five major third-order depositional sequences. Correlation of biostratigraphy is used to establish the equivalency of stratigraphic sequences between individual sections. Even though the individ- ual sections are composed of different lithofacies and meter-scale cycles that reflect the varied environmental settings in the localities, the overall upward shallowing character of individ- ual sequences is evident. The sequences, named on their relation to the regional stages in range, are in ascending order: Zhangxia Sequence, Gushan Sequence, Guchang Sequence, Changshan Sequence and Fengshan Sequence, of which the upper four sequences were correlated with those defined by Osleger and Read in the United States, with the aid of biostratigraphic correlation. The Middle/Upper Cambrian boundary is tentatively suggested to be between the Guchang Sequence and the Changshan Sequence in North China. The optimization of the existing litho-and regional chronostratigraphic boundaries is discussed based on the sequence boundaries.

Conodont Biostratigraphy of the Middle Cambrian through Lowermost Ordovician in Hunan, South China

Since 1985, samples with a total weight of more than 14,000 kg, mainly from three key sections in western and northwestern Hunan, South China, have been processed for conodonts. In strata older than the late Late Cambrian paraconodonts have proved useful for stratigraphic subdivision and correlation. Thirteen conodont zones are proposed in the Middle Cambrian through lowermost Ordovician. The correlation between these zones and those of North China, western U. S.A., western Newfoundland, Canada, and Iran is discussed. In ascending order, these 13 zones are as follows: The Gapparodus bisulcatus-Westergaardodina brevidens Zone, Shandongodus priscus-Hunanognathus tricuspidatus Zone, Westergaardodina quadrata Zone, Westergaardodina matsushitai-W. grandidens Zone, Westergaardodina lui-W. am Zone, Westergaardodina cf. calix-Prooneotodus rotundatus Zone, Proconodontus tenuiserratus Zone, Proconodontus Zone, Eoconodontus Zone, Cordylodus proavus Zone, Cordylodus intermedius Zone, Cordylodus lindstromi Zone, and Cordylodus angulatus Zone (lower part). The Westergaardodina lui-W. ani and Westergaardodina cf. calix-Prooneotodus rotundatus Zones replace the Westergaardodina proligula and Westergaardodina cf. behrae-Prooneotodus rotundatus Zones, respectively, in the lowermost Upper Cambrian. Two new species (Westergaardodina Iui and Westergaardodina ani) and one conditionally identified species (Westergaardodina cf. calix) are described.

Possible impact event in the Late Cambrian

The repeated investigation of the Batyrbay section has been done by the authors. Today we see in- creasing of interest to revising of volumes and boundaries of Stages and Series in the Cambrian and Ordovician, as well as to the events of this time. In this work the description of iron spherules and particles, found in the deep-water limestone layer of the conodont Cordylodus prirnitivus Zone in the middle Upper Cambrian of the Batyrbay section, Malyi Karatau of South Kazakhstan, and formed during the time of global sea-level changes known as a world-wide Lange Ranch Eustatic event, have been done. From our point of view, finds of iron spherules and particles may evidence about new unknown yet Event of cosmic origin, i.e. falling of a meteorite on Earth in the middle Late Cambrian.

宿州符离集打鼓山白云岩矿地质特征及成因类型

安徽宿州市符离集地区赋存多个白云岩矿床,产于中上寒武系,风化面常呈黑褐色,新鲜面为灰、灰白色带肉红色,可与其它基岩区别。本文以该区打鼓山白云岩矿床为例,三个矿层对应矿石类型为鲕状白云岩、结晶质白云岩和泥质白云岩三种。白云石占95%以上,MgO平均含量20.72%,为深海相白云岩,物质来源于南部淮阳地盾长期剥蚀的Ca、Mg等以胶体方式搬运沉积而成。

塔里木盆地中央隆起区上寒武统—下奥陶统白云岩储层中两类白云石充填物:特征与成因

在塔里木盆地中央隆起区,下古生界白云岩储层中的白云石充填物从形态上可分为菱形和鞍状两类,它们具有不同的岩石学特征,菱形白云石内部结构简单均一,而鞍状白云石内部结构比较复杂,由内核、环带和外缘三部分组成。地球化学组成分析表明,菱形白云石可能形成于成岩作用的早期,成岩物质可能来源于改造的海水,其沉淀是一个相对稳定的过程,后期仅少量受到富铁流体的改造。而鞍状白云石的形成则可能与断裂诱发的深部热流体活动密切相关,其物质可能来源于深部热液在运移过程中对围岩白云石的溶解,鞍状白云石内部复杂的结构可能反映了断裂的幕式活动。因此,两类白云石充填物反映了不同的成岩流体环境,特别是鞍状白云石很可能是热液溶蚀作用发生的重要标志。在白云岩储层研究中,今后需要进一步深入详细分析充填物的产状、充填作用发生的时间和机制,对于研究分析白云岩储层形成机制和储层预测都有重要意义。

四川盆地及周缘地区中上寒武统洗象池群层序地层与岩相古地理演化特征

以同位素组成地球化学资料为基础,结合岩性与电性特征,利用测井旋回分析技术,对四川盆地及周缘地区中上寒武统洗象池群进行地层层序划分并分析沉积特征与演化规律。洗象池群可以划分为Sq1—Sq5共5个三级层序,其中层序Sq1—Sq3保存相对较完整,层序Sq4与Sq5在寒武纪末期大面积剥蚀,展现出滇—川古隆起的特征。各三级层序均呈西薄东厚,显示出加里东古隆起是同沉积古隆起且台内古地貌为缓坡特征。层序Sq1同时发育高位体系域和海侵体系域,其他三级层序主要发育高位体系域,海侵体系域发育短暂且局限。洗象池群沉积期在台内以缓坡型蒸发—局限台地的基本面貌发育,西高东低的沉积环境与台内微古地貌变化控制着沉积相的持续发育,其中开阔台地只发育在层序Sq1和Sq2,台内滩与台缘滩在层序Sq2和Sq3最发育。洗象池群在四川盆地周缘地区存在相对稳定且规模较大的黔东北—湘鄂西台缘带和具有迁移性且规模较小的渝北—鄂西台缘带。

四川盆地南川地区娄山关群碳酸盐岩成岩作用研究

四川盆地南川地区中—上寒武统娄山关群储层主要为台地边缘滩沉积,以白云岩为主。主要成岩作用类型有:白云岩化、溶蚀、破裂、胶结充填及压实压溶作用,对储层形成有重要贡献的成岩作用是白云岩化作用、溶蚀作用及破裂作用。根据白云石标型特征、有序度、碳氧同位素的分析,认为娄山关群白云岩成因有3种:准同生、混合水以及埋藏白云岩化作用,以准同生白云岩化作用为主。储层发育3期溶蚀作用:大气淡水溶蚀、埋藏溶蚀和表生溶蚀,以表生溶蚀作用为主。白云岩化作用和表生溶蚀作用是形成优质储层的关键,而胶结、充填作用破坏了大量的原生和次生孔隙,不利于储层的发育。

上扬子区中、上寒武统的层序地层划分和层序地层格架的建立

上扬子区特别是贵州及邻区的中、上寒武统发育完整,是一套从少量灰岩到大套白云岩所组成的地层序列;以娄山关群白云岩为代表的自北西而南东的进积作用穿时,代表了与二级海退作用相对应的碳酸盐台地进积作用的基本特征,从而形成一个复杂而有序的层序地层格架。在研究区域,特别是浅水台地背景之中,从厚度较小的含化石的陡坡寺组到厚度近千米的贫乏化石的娄山关群白云岩,给层序地层研究带来了许多困难;而在较深水背景之中的中、上寒武统,沉积相序列的有序性正好弥补浅水背景中的不足。中、上寒武统组成一个二级层序,其中可以进一步划分为七个三级层序,形成一个有序的海侵—海退旋回序列。伴随着上述时间变化的同时,从北西向南东,古地理背景由浅变深,中、上寒武统由大套白云岩地层相变为泥页岩夹灰岩地层。在不同古地理背景的典型剖面的层序划分的基础上,根据三级层序的两大属性———“空间上相序的有序性和时间上环境变化的同步性”,可以建立研究区域能反映出地层记录中“两种相变面和两种穿时性”的层序地层格架。研究区域的中、上寒武统层序地层格架的建立表明:虽然地层的沉积记录较为复杂,但是建立在以“沉积物的时间演化序列与沉积相的空间展布形式所代表的规律性”为基础的层序地层研究,可以从复杂的地层记录之中寻找出更多的规律性。

湘西中上寒武统界线层型侯选剖面沉积特征

湘西中、上寒武统花桥组和车夫组主要由斜坡相和盆地边缘相的碳酸盐岩、泥质碳酸盐岩及钙质泥岩组成。重力流沉积十分发育，其中花垣排碧剖面以碎屑流砾屑灰岩和近源浊积岩为主；永顺王村剖面以浊流沉积为主；桃源瓦尔岗剖面则以远源浊积岩为主。成岩作用主要为海底埋藏胶结作用、新生变形作用和白云石化作用。排碧剖面大多数岩样酸不溶物重量含量在１０％以下，王村和瓦尔岗剖面大多数岩样在１０％以上。全岩δ１８Ｏ值介于－１１．２‰至－５．６‰（ＰＤＢ）之间；δ１３Ｃ值为－１．９‰至３．４‰（ＰＤＢ）。从Ｌｉｎｇｕａｇｎｏｓｔｕｓｒｅｃｏｎｄｉｔｕｓ带开始，δ１３Ｃ有较大的正漂移，漂移值达３‰（ＰＤＢ）以上。沉积花桥组和车夫组时，湘西过渡区经历了４次海平面升降事件，台缘斜坡逐渐变陡，由缓坡型逐渐发展为镶边型和沟槽型。在湘西的诸多剖面中以王村剖面最适合于作为中、上寒武统界线层型候选剖面，界线选择在花桥组顶部。

山东淄博地区上寒武统沉积地球化学特征及其层序地层学意义

根据微量元素和稳定同位素的特征可以推断古盐度、古水温和古水深 ,恢复古沉积环境 ,并判断海平面的相对变化。对淄博地区上寒武统微量元素Sr、Ba、V、Ni和氧 碳同位素的研究结果表明其属于稳定的浅海环境 ,微量元素和氧 碳同位素的变化趋势与海平面的波动有一定的对应关系 ,而且从地球化学方面为层序地层的划分提供了依据。研究结果也表明 ,由于沉积地球化学特征的复杂性 ,不能简单地用一种因素来分析。

塔里木盆地中央隆起区上寒武统—下奥陶统白云岩地球化学特征及白云石化流体演化规律

以详细的岩石学研究为基础,综合利用碳、氧、锶同位素等地球化学资料,深入分析了塔里木盆地中央隆起区上寒武统—下奥陶统白云石化流体演化规律以及白云岩成因机制。结果表明,上寒武统白云岩主要由泥晶—粉晶白云岩、微生物白云岩和(残余)颗粒白云岩等原始结构保留较好的白云岩构成,其C、Sr同位素与同期海水相近,O同位素值偏正,属于同生/准同生期与轻微蒸发海水有关的白云石化的产物;下奥陶统白云岩以细晶自形—半自形白云石为主,原始结构保留差,其C、Sr同位素与同期海水近似,但O同位素值略微偏负,主要为浅埋藏期白云石化的产物。部分早期白云岩在中—深埋藏过程中受埋藏重结晶和构造—热液白云石化的影响,形成细晶—粗晶他形白云岩和缝洞鞍形白云石充填物,该阶段白云石化流体主要来自于地层内封存的海源流体、深部热液以及蒸发岩层间热卤水,多期多源流体的共同作用导致该类白云岩具有较宽的Sr同位素组成和明显负偏的O同位素值。总体上,研究区白云岩具有早期形成(近地表到浅埋藏期大规模交代)、中期加强(中—深埋藏期部分重结晶)、晚期改造(热液局部调整)的整体演化趋势。

中扬子南缘王村上寒武统古油藏成藏剖析

通过流体包裹体类型观察、均一温度测定,同时结合盆地模拟及原油裂解动力学计算,对中扬子区南缘永顺王村上寒武统古油藏进行了详细的解剖,认为加里东期,中扬子南缘地区普遍接受下寒武统烃源岩有效供烃,局部地区上震旦统烃源岩也形成有效供烃灶,研究区所在的斜坡为油气运移指向区,聚集形成原生油藏。早中三叠世,震旦系和中下寒武统中的原生油气藏在印支构造主幕下发生油气调整,王村古油藏就此形成。晚三叠世—早侏罗世,王村古油藏在挠曲构造或逆冲推覆体作用下被深埋,油气藏迅速发生原油裂解,原油裂解气型烃源灶接力供烃,彻底转变为气藏,同时也加速了油气散失的速度。后期在燕山Ⅱ幕强烈改造以及喜山运动的叠加改造下,古油气藏散失殆尽。

塔里木盆地西缘上寒武统下丘里塔格群热液白云岩改造时限:来自古地磁的约束

成岩流体活动时间的确定一直都是学界难以解决的问题。上寒武统下丘里塔格群广泛发育有热液白云石,但热液改造的时间缺乏可靠约束。基于热液改造形成的广泛重磁化对热液改造时间进行约束,在巴楚永安坝和柯坪水泥厂下丘里塔格群中共采集43个热液白云石脉定向古柱状样品,并制样测试了64件古地磁样品,再对其中的29件样品进行了岩石磁学分析。大多数样品磁性在580℃时也没有被完全清洗掉,一部分在高外部磁场上才得到饱和等温剩磁,指示高矫顽力、高阻挡温度载磁矿物,推测为赤铁矿;另一部分样品在低外部磁场上迅速达到饱和,指示低矫顽力、高阻挡温度载磁矿物,推测为磁铁矿。许多样品的退磁数据较离散,但少数样品退磁曲线具有典型的双分量特征。柯坪水泥厂2号采样点和永安坝2号采样点的高温特征剩磁分量对应的古地磁极位置能与前人在同地区测的早二叠世与晚二叠世古磁极位置良好对应。考虑到所测样品均为热液白云石脉,这部分高温特征剩磁分量显然是热液活动引起化学重磁化的结果,说明热液白云岩改造与塔里木板块二叠纪强烈的岩浆活动有关系。