Relationship Between Hyperspectral Parameters and Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Flue-Cured Tobacco Leaves

The experiment was set up for examining the physiological and biological indexes quickly and exactly, for obtaining information of tobacco-field fertilizing and tobacco growing. The ASD Field spec FR 2500 was used to measure spectra reflectance of flue-cured tobacco and the relationship between hyperspectral parameters and biochemical contents （total nitrogen, chlorophyll, carotenoid）, and physiological indexes （fresh weight, dry weight, moisture content） of flue-cured tobacco leaves was studied by correlation and stepwise regression statistic methods at different nitrogen and potassium levels. The results indicated that the spectra curves of different treatments had obvious rules and great diversities. There were high correlations between different types of spectra parameters and ten physiological and biochemical indexes of flue-cured tobacco leaves. Hyperspectral characteristic variables of ten physiological and biochemical indexes were found through stepwise regression, and SDr/SDb was the characteristic variable closest to seven biochemical contents. Simultaneously, the R2 and regression coefficient of equations reached 0.05 significant level and the equations had good estimating effects through the examination of other samples. Accordingly, this study suggested that the ten physiological and biochemical indexes could be estimated quickly by the estimating models, at the same time nitrogen-potassium fertilization and growth condition of flue-cured tobacco could be inspected.

Effects of Different Flue-curing Technologies on Microscopic Structure of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

[Objective] This study aimed to compare the effects of Chinese quality-improving fragrunce-increasing tobacco flue-curing technology, Chinese three- stage tobaeeo flue-curing technology and Zimbabwean tobaceo flue-euring technology on microscopie structure of flue-cured tobacco leaves to provide theoretical basis for tobacco flue-curing. [ Method ] Middle leaves of tobacco cultivar K326 were collected in Pengshui County of Chongqing City for flue-curing experiment using three flue-curing technologies. Leaf samples were collected regularly in the flue-curing process, to investigate the microscopic structure of flue-cured tobaceo leaves. [ Result] During three flue-curing processes, leaves, palisade tissues and sponge tissues shrank gradually. Three flue-euring processes exhibited significant differ- ences in the peak of tissue shrinkage ： microscopic structure of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Chinese three-stage tobacco flue-curing process shrank earliest, follower by Chinese quality-improving fragrance-increasing tobacco flue-curing process; flue-eured tobacco leaves in Zimbabwean tobacco flue-curing process presented the latest shrinkage. At 84 h post-curing, leaf thickness in three flue-curing processes showed a descend order of Chinese three-stage tobacco flue-curing process 〉 Chinese quality-improving fragrance-increasing tobacco flue-curing process 〉 Zimbabwean tobacco flue-curing process. Upper and lower epidermal cells in Zimb- abwean tobacco flue-curing process ruptured earlier than other two flue-curing processes; eventually, the majority of cells ruptured and mixed with palisade tissues and sponge tissues. In Chinese quality-improving fragranee-increasing tobacco flue-curing process, only a small number of epidermal cells in dried leaves ruptured. Among three flue-curing technologies, Zimbabwean tobacco flue-curing technology exhibited the greatest damage to epidermal cells, followed by Chinese three-stage tobaceo flue-curing technology; Chinese quality-improving fragrance-increasing tobacco flue-curing technology had the minimum damage to epidermal cells. Mese- phyll cross-section exhibited significant morphological changes in stomata. To be specific, at 0 - 12 h post-curing, stomata of tobacco leaves closed with slightly prominent stamatal apparatuses on upper and lower epidermis; at 24 -72 h post-curing, stomata of tobaceo leaves changed gradually from opening to closure with significantly prominent stomatal apparatuses on upper and lower epidermis; at 84 h post-curing, stomata of tobacco leaves closed, and the majority of stomatal appa- ratuses were significantly prominent. In Chinese quality-improving fragrance-increasing tobacco flue-curing process, only a small number of epidermal ceils ruptured at 84 h pest-flue-curing; palisade tissues and sponge tissues shrank almost simultaneously. Significant gaps were observed between palisade tissues and between pal- isade tissues and sponge tissues. Chinese quality-improving fragrance-increasing tobacco flue-curing technology exhibited lower disorder level compared with other two flue-curing technologies. [ Conclusion] Chinese quality-improving fragrance-increasing tobacco flue-curlng technology was conducive to maintaining the micro- scopic structure integrity of flue-cured tobacco leaves and obtaining high-quality flue-cured tobacco leaves.

Effects of Different Flue-curing Technologies on Submicroscopic Structure of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

[ Objective] This study aimed to compare the effects of low-temperature low-humidity tobacco flue-curing technology, moderate-temperature moderate- humidity tobacco flue-curing technology and moderate-temperature high-humidity tobacco flue-curing technology on submicroscopic structure of flue-cured tobacco leaves to provide theoretical basis for tobacco flue-curing. [ Method] Middle leaves of tobacco cuhivar K326 were collected in Pengshui County of Chongqing City for flue-curing experiment using three flue-curing technologies. Leaf samples were collected regularly in the flue-curing process, to investigate the submicroscopic structure of flue-cured tobacco leaves. [ Result] Morphology changes and structural rupture of chloroplasts occurred at different time during three flue-curing proces- ses. In low-temperature low-humidity flue-curing process, morphology changes and structural rupture of chloroplasts occurred late but rapidly; in moderate-tempera- ture moderate-humidity flue-curing process and moderate-temperature high-humidity flue-curing process, morphology changes and structural rupture of chloroplasts occurred early but slowly. Among these three flue-curing processes, the speed of changes in mitochondria morphology, cristae number and membrane rupture pres- ented an upward order of low-temperature low-humidity flue-curing process 〈 moderate-temperature high-humidity flue-curlng process 〈 moderate-temperature moderate-humidity flue-curing process. In low-temperature low-humldity flue-curing process, starch granules in chloroplasts ruptured after flue-curing for 36 -48 h ; in moderate-temperature moderate-humidity flue-curing process, starch granules in chloroplasts ruptured after flue-curing for 24 - 36 h; in moderate-temperature high-humidity flue-curing process, starch granules in chloroplasts ruptured after flue-curing for 12 - 24 h. [ Conclusion ] Using low-temperature low-humidity flue- curing technology could prolong the maintenance duration of the submicroscopic structure integrity of flue-cured tobacco leaves, which was conducive to fully decom- posing and transforming substances in tobacco leaves and obtaining high-quality flue-cured tobacco leaves.

The Quality Difference of Tobacco Leaves Between Different Flue-curing Processes in Honghe Tobacco-growing Area

[Objectives] This study was conducted to compare the effects of different curing processes,in order to optimize the local supporting intensive fluecuring process.[Methods] A comparative experiment was carried out in Mile,Luxi and Jianshui on the four-layer tobacco-packed intensive curing process(K1)and the eight-point precise and intensive curing process(K2).[Results]The results showed that according to the appearance evaluation of the tobacco leaves,K1 was higher than K2 in respective scores of color,maturity,leaf structure and defects and the total score,while K1 equaled K2 in the scores of identity,oil content,chroma and length.The differences in respective scores of the two processes were not significant.According to the results of sensory evaluation,the two tobacco enterprises got different evaluation results of unblended cigarettes made of the middle leaves due to different raw material requirements of the enterprises by different processes.K1 was higher than K2 in the sensory evaluation of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.,Ltd.,while it was lower than K2 in that of China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co.,Ltd.,and the difference in the total score between the two processes was significant.From the content of chemical components,in the conventional chemical component contents including total sugar,reducing sugar,chlorine and starch,K1 was higher than K2,while in the contents of potassium,total phytonine,total nitrogen and petroleum ether extract,K1 was lower than K2,but the differences were not significant.K1 was lower than K2 in the contents of neutral aroma components including ketones,alcohols,aldehydes,heterocyclics,neophytadiene and total content,while K1 was higher than K2 in the contents of esters,phenols,but the respective differences were not significant.Except the significant difference in the total score in the sensory evaluation of China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co.,Ltd.,there were no significant differences in other items in the appearance evaluation,sensory evaluation and chemical composition of tobacco leaves between K1 and K2.[Conclusions] The supporting intensive curing process can be further optimized on the basis of this study.

Climatic Characteristics of Hubei Tobacco Area and Its Influence on the Quality of Upper Leaves

In order to provide a more suitable environment for tobacco leaf growth, this study collected meteorological information and tobacco leaf quality information from the main tobacco-producing counties in the province and conducted relevant analysis to find out the main meteorological factors affecting the growth, development, yield, and quality of upper tobacco leaves. Clarify the suitable climatic conditions for the growth and development of the upper leaves, and clarify the influence of various meteorological factors on the quality of the upper leaves. The results showed that the nicotine and total nitrogen content of the upper leaves were significantly positively correlated with the average daily temperature during the maturity period, and negatively correlated with the rainfall during the maturity period;the rainfall in July was significantly positively correlated with the upper leaf clutter score, which was sufficient in the mature period. Moisture conditions are conducive to alleviating the upper leaf clutter;the number of sunshine hours in August is the main factor affecting the content of aroma substances in the upper leaves, and it is also significantly positively correlated with the content of aroma substances.

Analysis of the Appearance Quality of Tobacco Leaves in the Tobacco-growing Areas of Qujing City

In order to set up the digitization indices system of appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Qujing. According to the relevant standards,the quantitative analysis on appearance quality of 39 cutter and upper tobacco leaf samples which were collected from eight fluecured tobacco production regions of Qujing City,Yunnan Province were carried out in 2011,respectively. The results showed that the difference in evaluation score of appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco in eight regions was not significant. The tobacco leaves had high maturity,high oil content,loose structure and good appearance quality. The scores of appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco in Shizong County and Malong County are higher than other regions. The two regions are suitable for tobacco plantation. The preliminary digitization indices provide reference and guidance to tobacco production and standards system of tobacco leaves base.

不同润叶和复烤强度对上部烟叶质量的影响

以云烟87上部烟叶为研究对象,以颜色深浅度、色度、均匀度、油分、常规化学成分和感官质量为评价指标,开展了不同润叶和复烤强度对上部烟叶质量的影响研究。结果表明,随着润叶强度的增加,润叶后烟叶颜色逐渐加深,色度偏向深橘黄,均匀度逐渐变差,油分增加;复烤后烟叶颜色变浅,色度向柠檬黄转变,均匀度提升,油分降低,较高温度复烤的烟叶均匀度和油分优于低温复烤;随润叶强度增加烟叶烟碱和总糖含量逐渐升高,复烤后其含量逐渐下降;随润叶强度增加润叶后的感官质量逐渐降低,低水分润叶下随复烤温度增加感官质量提升,高水分润叶下随复烤温度增加感官质量下降。综合来看,低水分润叶(W15%)和较高温度复烤(T 70℃)更有利于上部烟叶质量的形成。

不同氯化钾施用措施对烤烟上部叶产质量的影响

[目的]探讨适宜泸州烟区的氯化钾施用措施,进一步完善田间上部烟叶的调控技术。[方法]采用田间试验,以“中川208”为试材,设施氯量30、60、90、0 kg/hm^(2)4个水平,基追比为5∶5,追施时期设移栽后30和50 d,共7个氯化钾施用处理。分析上部烟叶农艺性状、SPAD值、经济性状、化学成分、物理性状的变化。[结果]较不施用氯化钾而言,施用氯化钾使上部烟叶产量、产值、均价、中上等烟比例分别提高3.11%~9.17%、6.12%~19.29%、2.79%~12.92%、4.01%~18.25%;烤后烟叶颜色、成熟度、身份、油分、色度均得到提升,综合得分提升1.15%~8.30%。[结论]以基肥施用氯化钾30 kg/hm^(2),移栽50 d后追施30 kg/hm^(2)的施肥措施经济效益最高,烤后上部烟叶外观质量、化学成分、物理性状评分最高。

烤烟上部6片烟叶一次性采收成熟度的模糊综合评价

为明确烤烟上部烟叶一次性采收的适宜成熟度,以湖南桂阳烟区种植的‘云烟87’为材料,设计低成熟度(M1)、中成熟度(M2)、高成熟度(M3)3个处理,开展6片上部烟叶采烤成熟度试验,并采用模糊评价方法对烤后烟叶质量和经济性状进行综合评价。结果表明,随上部烟叶采收成熟度提高,鲜烟叶的SPAD值下降;烤后烟叶微带青比例下降,杂色烟叶比例增加;烟叶成熟度提高,结构变为疏松,油分增多;烟叶单叶质量、厚度、叶面积质量、平衡含水率降低;烟叶总糖、还原糖、钾、淀粉含量下降,烟碱含量增加,化学成分可用性提高;但烟叶产量和产值下降。M2处理的外观质量指数较M1、M3分别高6.18%、-2.13%,物理性状指数较M1、M3分别高2.35%、5.30%,化学成分可用性指数分别高30.86%、4.55%,评吸总分分别高10.12%、0.50%,经济性状指数分别高8.96%、12.97%,烟叶质量指数分别高12.53%、1.16%,经济效果综合指数分别高10.11%、6.98%。综合来看,湖南桂阳烟区‘云烟87’上部6片烟叶一次性采收成熟度以M2较为适宜,即叶面变黄50%~80%,主脉变白50%~80%,支脉变白30%~50%,部分茸毛脱落,成熟斑较多;SPAD值在20.44~30.79可作为指导稻茬烤烟6片上部烟叶适宜采收成熟度的参考指标。

大理‘KRK26’上部烟叶物理特性差异和土壤养分相关性分析

为明确大理州‘KRK26’植烟区域上部烟叶物理特性及其与土壤养分的关系,采用描述性统计、简单相关和典型相关分析方法,研究了该区域上部烟叶物理特性状况并分析了上部烟叶物理特性与土壤养分的相关性。结果表明:大理州‘KRK26’上部烟叶平均厚度0.20 mm、单叶重12.21 g、含梗率24.24%、叶面密度74.95 g/cm2、拉力1.38 N、平衡含水率13.35%,厚度略偏高、拉力偏低、其他指标与全国平均水平相当;4个植烟区的上部烟叶厚度、含梗率、叶面密度和拉力指标差异不显著,而单叶重以大理市显著高于永平和云龙、与漾濞差异不显著,平衡含水率以云龙显著最高;简单相关分析显示单叶重与土壤总氮、有效磷、交换性镁和有效锌显著正相关,与全钾、氯离子极显著负相关,叶面密度与速效钾显著负相关;同时简单相关和典型相关共同表明在一定范围内,随着土壤有机质、全磷和速效钾含量的降低,烟叶含水率降低;反之升高。

叶面喷施日本外担菌培养液对烤烟上部叶可用性的影响

为探究日本外担菌培养液对烤烟上部叶可用性的影响,以烤烟品种‘云烟87’为材料,打顶后对上部6片叶喷施不同浓度日本外担菌培养液(1/10原液和1/50原液),研究其对上部叶成熟、烤后烟叶化学品质以及感官评吸质量的影响。结果表明,随着不同浓度的日本外担菌培养液喷施烤烟上部叶次数的增加,喷施3次后(45 d)烟叶综合变黄程度提高,主脉和支脉变白比例及叶尖下勾程度增加;降低超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和多酚氧化酶(polyphenol,PPO)等抗氧化代谢酶活性及叶绿体色素含量,有效促进上部叶成熟;提高烤后上部叶的还原糖与总糖含量,降低了烟碱、总氮和氯含量;烤后上部叶糖碱比和钾氯比更协调,提高烟叶的感官评吸质量,有效改善上部叶品质。其中以日本外担菌1/50原液处理后提高上部叶可用性效果最佳。综上,叶面喷施日本外担菌1/50原液可提高烤烟上部叶成熟度,改善烤后上部叶质量。

不同移栽期下气象因子与三门峡烤烟上部叶产量和品质的关系分析

为明确气象因子对三门峡烤烟上部叶产量和品质的影响,确立优质上部叶形成的关键气象指标,为合理调节烤烟移栽期提供理论依据,以烤烟主栽品种云烟87为材料,于2020—2021年在灵宝进行大田试验,研究不同移栽期烤烟上部叶发育期间气象因子、产量及品质,解析气象因子与产量和品质的关系。结果表明,三门峡上部叶各生育阶段气象因子随移栽期推迟均发生明显的改变,以成熟期气象因子变幅最大。随移栽期推迟,上部叶产量、产值、上等烟比例和均价呈先增后减的趋势;还原糖含量、糖碱比先升后降,烟碱含量逐渐降低;烟叶香气质、香气量及感官质量总分呈先升高后降低的趋势;5月7日移栽处理烤烟上部叶经济性状和品质最佳。相关分析表明,上部叶各经济指标、还原糖含量、烟碱含量、糖碱比、香气质、香气量及感官质量总分均与其成熟期日均温呈显著或极显著正相关。各气象因子与上部叶香气质、香气量及感官质量总分关联度大小顺序依次为温度、日照时数、降雨量,其中以成熟期日均温关联度最大;当成熟期日均温在20.20~25.16℃时,上部叶香气质、香气量及整体感官质量较佳。

密集烘烤38℃和46℃不同稳温时间对豫中上六片烟叶品质的影响

为进一步提高豫中上六片烟叶烤后质量,以中烟100上部烟叶为供试材料,研究变黄及定色阶段稳温时间对烤后烟叶品质的影响。结果表明,与常规烘烤工艺相比,变黄阶段38℃延长12 h,可提高上等烟占比和均价,改善外观油分、结构、色度、嗅香等及化学成分协调性,并改善感官评吸香气量、杂气、余味、燃烧性等指标,大幅增加中性致香物质总量;定色阶段46℃延长12 h,可提高上等烟占比和均价,改善外观结构、色度、嗅香等及化学成分协调性,明显增加中性致香物质总量,但不利于感官质量改善,香气质、香气量等指标略有下降;变黄阶段38℃和定色阶段46℃均延长12 h,可明显提高上等烟占比和均价,改善化学成分协调性,改善感官评吸香气质、香气量、杂气、余味、燃烧性等指标,大幅增加中性致香物质总量。综上,38℃延长12 h处理及38℃、46℃均延长12 h处理,其烤后烟叶整体表现较好,以38℃、46℃均延长12 h效果最好。

成熟度对烤烟上部烟叶生理特性及烟叶质量的影响

为了明确成熟度对豫西地区烤烟上部烟叶质量的影响,以河南三门峡地区主栽品种云烟99为试验材料,分析了不同成熟度(M_(1)~M_(4))鲜烟叶的质体色素含量、碳氮代谢相关酶活性等生理指标以及烤后烟叶的内在化学成分、中性致香物质含量和感官质量的差异。结果表明,随着成熟度的增加,烟叶质体色素含量逐渐降低,至M_(4)成熟度时叶绿素总降解量达0.69 mg/g。与氮代谢相关的硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,与碳代谢相关的淀粉酶活性呈逐渐下降的趋势,蔗糖转化酶活性整体呈升高的趋势。鲜烟叶碳代谢产物中总糖、还原糖和淀粉的含量逐渐增加,达到最大值后开始下降;氮代谢产物中总氮和游离氨基酸含量逐渐降低,至M_(4)成熟度时分别下降了17.30%和50.27%。随着成熟度的提升,烤后烟叶化学成分的协调性更好,在M3成熟度时烤后烟叶的中性致香物质含量最高,感官质量评价最佳。综合来看,在一定范围内随着成熟度的提升,烤后烟叶质量有升高的趋势,超过一定范围后,烟叶质量出现下降,豫西地区上部烟叶以M3成熟度采收时烟叶质量最佳。

采收成熟度对稻茬烤烟上部6片烟叶质量的影响

为明确稻茬烤烟湘烟7号上部烟叶采收适宜成熟度,设计M1(习惯采收)、M2(延迟7 d采收)、M3(延迟14 d采收)3个处理,研究上部烟叶一次性采收不同成熟度对烟叶质量的影响。结果表明,随上部6片烟叶采收成熟度的提高,鲜烟叶中的SPAD值降低;上部烟叶延迟7 d采收有利于降低烤后烟叶杂色烟和烤青烟比例,提高正组烟叶比例,提高烟叶外观质量和评吸质量;M2较M1、M3上等烟比例分别高6.3和17.8百分点,均价分别高5.86%和14.68%。湖南桂阳烟区烤烟上部6片叶一次性采收成熟度以M2为宜,叶片SPAD值22~29、叶面变黄60%~80%、主脉变白80%~100%、支脉变白50%~80%、部分茸毛脱落、成熟斑较多可作为适宜采收成熟度的参考指标。

稻茬烤烟云烟87上部6片烟叶一次性采收的烘烤工艺研究

为明确稻茬烤烟上部烟叶密集烤房烘烤工艺,在湖南桂阳烟区开展了上部烟叶四步式烘烤工艺和中温中湿烘烤工艺比较试验,并采用模糊评价方法对烟叶质量进行了评价。结果表明:与中温中湿烘烤工艺比较,四步式烘烤工艺可改善烟叶结构和身份,降低烟叶厚度和单叶重,提高烟叶平衡含水率和烟叶总糖、还原糖、绿原酸含量,减少烘烤用电、燃料成本;外观质量指数、物理特性指数、化学成分可用性指数、评吸质量总分、烟叶质量指数分别高5.93%、5.42%、0.59%、8.53%和6.14%;上等烟率和均价分别提高6.08%和7.72%;降低能耗总成本11.47%。在湘南稻茬烤烟的上部6片烟叶一次性采收时,采用四步式烘烤工艺有利于提高烟叶质量。

上部烟叶一次性采收成熟度对烟叶物理特性的影响

为明确宁乡烟区烤烟上部烟叶适宜采收成熟度,采用‘云烟87’设计低成熟度(M1)、中等成熟度(M2)、高成熟度(M3)3个处理,研究不同采收成熟度对烤后烟叶物理特性的影响,采用模糊评价方法对试验结果进行综合评价,采用η2值分析采收成熟度和叶位及其互作对烟叶物理特性的效应。结果表明,随上部烟叶采收时间推迟,烟叶的含梗率下降,叶片厚度增加。M2单叶重较M1、M3分别高7.64%和12.79%,叶片厚度分别高11.70%、-14.37%,含梗率分别高-4.54、1.33个百分点,平衡含水率分别高0.14、2.86个百分点,叶质重分别高14.59%、39.81%,物理特性指数分别高7.31%、7.01%。采收时间对上部烟叶物理特性的效应为35.04%,叶位为29.98%,采收时间和叶位互作为34.98%。采收成熟度对物理特性指标影响由大到小表现为叶质重>叶片厚度>含梗率>平衡含水率>单叶重。适宜采收成熟度的第13叶位外观特征为:叶面变黄70%~80%,茸毛大部分脱落,叶面有光泽,褶皱,有少许粘手感,主脉变白4/5,支脉变白1/2,叶缘卷曲起皱,叶尖下勾,叶面有成熟斑。

变黄中后期湿球温度对上部烟叶烘烤质量的影响

为解决株洲烟区烤后上部烟叶容易出现挂灰、含青、僵硬等问题,在变黄中后期设置4种不同湿球温度对其进行处理:CK为传统三段式烘烤工艺(干球温度38℃/湿球温度36℃,干球温度42℃/湿球温度36℃);T_(1)为中湿烘烤工艺(干球温度38℃/湿球温度37℃,干球温度42℃/湿球温度37℃);T_(2)为高湿烘烤工艺(干球温度38℃/湿球温度38℃,干球温度42℃/湿球温度38℃);T_(3)为同步预热烘烤工艺(干球温度38℃/湿球温度前期38℃,末期36℃;干球温度42℃/湿球温度37℃),分析不同烘烤工艺对烤后上部烟叶各项指标的影响。结果表明:烤后上部烟叶外观质量、感官评吸质量和经济效益均表现为T_(3)>T_(1)>T_(2)>CK。总而言之,采用同步预热烘烤工艺显著改善了株洲烟区烤后上部烟叶质量,其内在品质符合对口工业企业优质上部烟叶的需求,既提高了上部烟叶的可用性,又增加了烟农的经济效益。

褪黑素、赤霉素与油菜素内酯对烤烟上部烟叶发育及产质量的影响

为明确褪黑素对烤烟上部烟叶发育的作用,为优质烟叶生产提供参考依据,采用单因素随机区组试验,以烤烟品种云烟105为试验材料,研究喷施褪黑素(MT)、赤霉素(GA3)和油菜素内酯(BR)对上部烟叶叶面积、单叶重、叶面积指数、产量产值及化学成分的影响。结果表明,GA3对上部烟叶的叶面积、叶面积指数和单叶重的促进作用最好,其次为BR,MT处理与对照(CK)没有显著差异。各处理上部烟叶的化学成分总体较为协调,均处在优质烟叶适宜的糖碱比范围内。其中,喷施GA3处理的总糖、还原糖、总氮和烟碱含量最高;喷施褪黑素处理对上部烟叶的钾含量增加显著,较对照增加了1.18个百分点。在所有处理中,以喷施褪黑素的烟叶产量与产值为最高,烟叶的总产量较对照增加了6.75%,每公顷总产值则较对照增加了4804.50元。3种激素喷施对上部烟叶的感官评吸质量均有提升作用,具体表现为GA3>BR>MT。其中,以喷施10 mg/kg GA3的效果最好;褪黑素喷施浓度为150μmol/L时,可以有效提升烟叶的产量和产值。

施氮量和留叶数对豫南烟区高成熟度上部烟叶产质量的影响

以南阳烟区主栽品种云烟87为供试材料,设置了16个不同施氮量和留叶数组合的对比试验,探究了施氮量和留叶数对豫南烟区高成熟度烤烟上部叶产质量的影响,确定了当地烤烟上部叶生产的最佳施氮量和留叶数组合。结果表明,施氮量和留叶数对云烟87烟株的农艺性状影响显著。当留叶数相同时,随着施氮量的增加,烤烟上部叶的产量和产值上升,总糖和还原糖含量下降,烟碱和总氮含量增加,糖碱比下降,钾氯比和氮碱比增加,香气物质含量先增加后下降,烟气质量、烟气丰富程度总体上呈先升高后降低的趋势。当施氮量相同时,随着留叶数的增加,烤烟上部叶的产量和产值下降,烟碱和总氮含量显著下降,总糖、还原糖含量和糖碱比提高,香气物质含量先增加后下降,烟气质量和感官总分总体上呈先升高后降低的趋势。综合各项指标得出,在施氮量为60 kg/hm^(2)、留叶数为18片/株处理下的烟叶整体质量最好,表现为产量和产值较高,叶片疏松程度高、油分足、烟叶成熟度高、化学成分比例较协调、香气物质充足、感官品质较好,可用于指导当地高成熟度烤烟上部叶的生产和收购。