As India is a world class producer of sugarcane,sugar beet,other tubers like potato and vegetables with starch,cashew and badam,castor oil and soybean,the quantum of bio resins and bio plastics that can be produced fr...As India is a world class producer of sugarcane,sugar beet,other tubers like potato and vegetables with starch,cashew and badam,castor oil and soybean,the quantum of bio resins and bio plastics that can be produced from these conventional,organic and genetically modified plants is immense.As on date,advanced and state of the art plastics and composites are being used in many applications as there is no incentive for farmers to produce plants and vegetables for the plastics and resins market exclusively.The use of advanced composites in varied applications escalates costs and shifts the material consumption that would deplete the natural resources,through excessive usage at one end and lack of demand for natural resources at the other end as bio derived composites become under-utilized.This review paper attempts to project the actual possibilities of the bio resin and bio plastic market in this country and provides the knowhow for the production of bio-phenolic cashew nut shell resin which are more than a substitute for the synthetically produced epoxies.Their true potentialities in composites product applications involving structural,thermal,electronic,pharmaceutical and petroleum engineering markets is discussed in this paper.A novel working model with an economically feasible option is also provided for those concerned about their safe disposal,recycling,reuse and conversion into useable fuel with virtually no impact to the environment.Cashew Nut Shell Liquid(CNSL)is an abundant natural source for synthesizing phenolic compounds.The excellent monomer,Cardanol is isolated from CNSL for polymer production.These are polymerized with aldehydes and acids at a particular mole fraction in the presence of catalysts like alkalis to convert into rigid resins.Differential Scanning Calorimetric(DSC)and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis(TGA)were studied for the thermal characterization of the synthesized CNSL Resins.Characterization of the synthesized resins was also carried out with respect to the evaluated mechanical properties such as hardness,strength,elastic modulus and fracture toughness.The synthesized CNSL resins yielded many interesting compositions with varied properties increasing the possibilities of various resin formulations which could be used for composites applications in vibrational damping.The electronic packaging applications of nano-composites with high dielectric strength produced with the CNSL matrix are also highlighted.展开更多
以H3PO4为提取剂,通过微波提取的方法,采用高效液相色谱-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱联用技术（HPLC-HG-AFS）实现了垃圾焚烧飞灰中砷的价态测定。重点探究了H3PO4存在下,使用HPLC-HG-AFS测定无机砷（As（Ⅲ）和As（Ⅴ）价态的色谱条件。结...以H3PO4为提取剂,通过微波提取的方法,采用高效液相色谱-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱联用技术（HPLC-HG-AFS）实现了垃圾焚烧飞灰中砷的价态测定。重点探究了H3PO4存在下,使用HPLC-HG-AFS测定无机砷（As（Ⅲ）和As（Ⅴ）价态的色谱条件。结果表明,当使用（NH4）2HPO4为流动相时,H3PO4的存在会对As？的分析造成不利影响,增大流动相流速对改善这种状况几乎没有效果;而使用Na2HPO4-KH2PO4混合溶液（p H 6.864）作为流动相时,可以显著降低H3PO4对As（Ⅴ）分析的干扰。在优化的色谱条件下,As（Ⅲ）和As（Ⅴ）可在5 min内实现分离,检出限分别为0.063和0.110μg/L。在标准物质加标回收实验中,各价态回收率良好（86.5%-102.5%）。利用本方法对来自4个垃圾焚烧电厂的飞灰样品进行分析,发现垃圾焚烧飞灰中的砷主要以As？的形式存在。展开更多
文摘As India is a world class producer of sugarcane,sugar beet,other tubers like potato and vegetables with starch,cashew and badam,castor oil and soybean,the quantum of bio resins and bio plastics that can be produced from these conventional,organic and genetically modified plants is immense.As on date,advanced and state of the art plastics and composites are being used in many applications as there is no incentive for farmers to produce plants and vegetables for the plastics and resins market exclusively.The use of advanced composites in varied applications escalates costs and shifts the material consumption that would deplete the natural resources,through excessive usage at one end and lack of demand for natural resources at the other end as bio derived composites become under-utilized.This review paper attempts to project the actual possibilities of the bio resin and bio plastic market in this country and provides the knowhow for the production of bio-phenolic cashew nut shell resin which are more than a substitute for the synthetically produced epoxies.Their true potentialities in composites product applications involving structural,thermal,electronic,pharmaceutical and petroleum engineering markets is discussed in this paper.A novel working model with an economically feasible option is also provided for those concerned about their safe disposal,recycling,reuse and conversion into useable fuel with virtually no impact to the environment.Cashew Nut Shell Liquid(CNSL)is an abundant natural source for synthesizing phenolic compounds.The excellent monomer,Cardanol is isolated from CNSL for polymer production.These are polymerized with aldehydes and acids at a particular mole fraction in the presence of catalysts like alkalis to convert into rigid resins.Differential Scanning Calorimetric(DSC)and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis(TGA)were studied for the thermal characterization of the synthesized CNSL Resins.Characterization of the synthesized resins was also carried out with respect to the evaluated mechanical properties such as hardness,strength,elastic modulus and fracture toughness.The synthesized CNSL resins yielded many interesting compositions with varied properties increasing the possibilities of various resin formulations which could be used for composites applications in vibrational damping.The electronic packaging applications of nano-composites with high dielectric strength produced with the CNSL matrix are also highlighted.
文摘以H3PO4为提取剂,通过微波提取的方法,采用高效液相色谱-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱联用技术（HPLC-HG-AFS）实现了垃圾焚烧飞灰中砷的价态测定。重点探究了H3PO4存在下,使用HPLC-HG-AFS测定无机砷（As（Ⅲ）和As（Ⅴ）价态的色谱条件。结果表明,当使用（NH4）2HPO4为流动相时,H3PO4的存在会对As？的分析造成不利影响,增大流动相流速对改善这种状况几乎没有效果;而使用Na2HPO4-KH2PO4混合溶液（p H 6.864）作为流动相时,可以显著降低H3PO4对As（Ⅴ）分析的干扰。在优化的色谱条件下,As（Ⅲ）和As（Ⅴ）可在5 min内实现分离,检出限分别为0.063和0.110μg/L。在标准物质加标回收实验中,各价态回收率良好（86.5%-102.5%）。利用本方法对来自4个垃圾焚烧电厂的飞灰样品进行分析,发现垃圾焚烧飞灰中的砷主要以As？的形式存在。
