Study on the Development of "Farm Stay" Tourism in Yanan City of Shaanxi Province

'Farm stay' tourism is a kind of new tourism form in recent years,which can promote regional economic development.The study discusses the existing problems in the setting of tourism products,and puts forward some countermeasures for the development of 'farm stay' tourism in Yanan city.

Spatial and Temporal Variability of Farm Size in China in Context of Rapid Urbanization

During the last 30 years, China has witnessed rapid economic growth and dramatic urbanization, with about 1.2 x 107 rural people migrating annually into urban areas. Meanwhile, especially since 1995, the rural population has been declining, which is closely linked to land circulation and the increase in farm size in many villages. Increasing scale of farming operations is often regarded as a key to avoiding the abandonment of farmland and to increasing the income of rural farmers. However, until now, there has been little research on the spatial and temporal variability of farm size at the national level in China. Using data from the national agricultural cen- sus and rural household surveys, this study examines the characteristics of land use circulation and the consequent changes in the area of farmland per household. The results show that： 1） 12.2% of rural households were involved in land circulation at the national level. The highest amounts of land circulation have occurred in those provinces where the farmland per capita is more than 0.2 ha or less than 0.1 ha; 2） over 80% of households operate less than 0.6 ha of farmland; 3） the proportion of mid-sized farms （between 0.2 ha and 0.6 ha per household） has decreased while the smallest and the largest farms have increased. This bears some similarity with the phenomenon known as the ＇disappearing middle＇, referring to the changes in farm size. This study establishes a framework for interpreting the factors affecting the changes in farm size in China, which include two promoting factors （urbanization and agriculture） and four hindering fac- tors （agricultual land system, household registration, stable clan system, and farmland loss）.

Modernized Development of Urban Farming Industry: A Case Study of Kunming City

Modern urban farm is an essential part of urban agriculture and is inevitable trend of social economic development of modern cities.Based on empirical study of Kunming City,this paper analyzed current situations and difficulties of urban farming industry,explored development idea of urban farming industry,and came up with recommendations from institutional innovation,overall planning,property right reform,infrastructure construction,and talent team cultivation.

Effectiveness of Urban Farming Program in Providing Multiple Benefits to the Urban Community in Malaysia

Residents have chosen to be living in urban regions in recent years largely due to the accessibility of job opportunities and public services.These led to a fast increase in the amount of people live in urban regions and cities.As a result,a large amount of the property used for agricultural activities was transformed into factories,housing units,and highways.This also resulted in a decrease in food production,growth in food prices and food import bills as the country now relies on food imports especially rice,fruits and vegetables,that can prevent the fostering of urban farming activities and then provide beneficial information essential to form it into a more consumer friendly program.Moreover,studies on urban farming are somewhat few in Malaysia and this study can become helpful for future research.The study focused on small-scale agriculture projects,such as community gardens,and community-level programs such as community supported agriculture and farmers markets.The study found that how urban agriculture enhances community resilience and wellbeing.This is the necessity for the Malaysian urban authorities to provide more proper identification and support to city residents and promote them to develop the practice of urban farming.

Utilisation of green urban space for food sufficiency and the realisation of the sustainable development goals-UK stakeholders perspective

The exponential growth of food demand due to the increasing global population has the potential to seriously threaten the quality and quantity of food supplies due to climate change.This study explores the utilisation of green urban spaces for achieving food self-sufficiency by investigating the extent to which sustainable urban farms could be used to reduce the consumption of imported produce in the UK.It also examines urban farming stakeholders'perspective on how food self-sufficiency can help realise the SDGs especially SDG 2(Zero hunger)and SDG 13(Climate action).The study adopts a mixed method approach through a survey with 115 respondents and semi-structured interviews conducted with 12 respondents from 4 different urban farming stakeholder groups.The findings of this study presented a strong correlation between stakeholders who had concerns about where their food came from and the carbon footprint of imported produce.The research shows that,urban farms will no doubt play a vital role in the future of food security in our cities/communities and that the SDGs could be realised through sustainable urban farms implemented within the relevant planning regulations/policies.

Heavy Metal Contaminated Food Crops Irrigated with Wastewater in Peri Urban Areas, Zambia

Studies on peri urban farming in Zambia have not adequately tackled the issues pertaining to heavy metal contaminated wastewater irrigation farming. The study investigated heavy metal contamination of water, soils and crops at two peri urban areas in Zambia. Two study sites were New Farm Extension in Mufulira Town in the Copperbelt Province and Chilumba Gardens in Kafue Town in Lusaka Province. The heavy metals investigated were lead, copper, cobalt, nickel and chromium. These heavy metals were found to be higher than acceptable limits in wastewater used to irrigate crops and there are potential human health risks associated with consumption of heavy metal contaminated food crops which have implications on the livelihoods of people. Samples of water, soil and crops were collected and analysed for lead (Pb), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The data on heavy metals was analysed using mean, standard error and T-test. The results indicated that the levels of heavy metals in wastewater, soil and food crops were above acceptable limits at two study sites. It can be concluded that there was heavy metal contamination of wastewater, soil and food crops at the two peri-urban areas in Zambia. The study highlighted the actual levels of heavy metal contaminant uptake in food crops consumed by the peri urban population. The information from this study can be used by the relevant authorities to develop appropriate measures for monitoring and control of heavy metal contamination in wastewater irrigation farming systems in peri urban areas inZambia.

Review of peri-urban agriculture as a regional ecosystem service

The peri-urban area possesses mixed characteristics of rural and urban areas,i.e.,agricultural,and built-up land.This review explains various themes and concepts of peri-urban areas and the importance of peri-urban agriculture(PUA)as an ecosystem service(ES)for their surrounding areas.The methodological approach is a systematic literature search and explanatory review of books and journal articles.The focus of the discussion is as follows:(1)quantification of review results,(2)urbanization pressures,peri-urban,and governance,(3)two different concepts about the peri-urban area,(4)protection of PUA and their resilience,and(5)role of PUA in providing ESs to other regions.The review shows that PUA is more crucial in urban areas than in rural areas in terms of food supply,ecology and biodiversity preservation,disaster mitigation,and recreation.One of the primary causes of PUA loss is massive urban expansion,which entails the conversion of agricultural land in peri-urban areas into built-up land.Hence,we suggest that every country should develop a peri-urban management policy.We argue that sociocultural biases in PUA have resulted in many institutional constraints on peri-urban management being incorporated within existing political and regulatory frameworks,including planning practices and longstanding laws and regulations.

Building a Community for the Senior Citizens Using the Idea of Vertical Farms

Global population growth and urbanization have posed increasing threats to the ecological environment. In an aging society, high-density living spaces have resulted in intensifying housing concerns for urban senior citizens. Among the rapid urban development, addressing the demands of senior citizens for suitable living environments and enabling senior city dwellers to engage in diversified social interactions are concerns that necessitate public attention. This study introduced the idea of the “vertical farm” to the living environments of senior citizens. By integrating vegetation appreciation and physical labor, vertical farming allows senior citizens to experience joy and a sense of accomplishment. In addition, these farms can change the monotonous and gloomy exteriors of concrete buildings. By conducting in-depth interviews with 12 senior citizens residing in the Happiness Community in Taipei City, by building vertical farms, senior citizens can experience joy and a sense of achievement at the psychological level and communicate with families, friends and neighbors in the community at a social level. At the environmental level, comprehensive ecological communities can be achieved. We explored how promoting vertical farms in a living environment can affect senior citizens at the psychological, social and environmental levels. The results can be used to build vertical farms that accommodate the needs of senior citizen living environments.

利用微动台阵初勘目标区断裂位置及地层分布情况——以滨海区评为例

在滨海某地震安全性评价项目中,针对目标区面积大、覆盖层厚度大、地下隐伏构造复杂等问题,采用微动勘探方法加密观测目标区,获得了界牌-滨淮农场断裂的空间位置、目标区三维S波速度结构;并将微动探测结果与主动源地震勘探、剪切波速测井展开对比分析。结果表明:(1)针对界牌-滨淮农场断裂,微动探测与主动源地震勘探两种方法所揭示的断裂特征较为一致,作为初勘成果具有较强的应用价值;(2)在100 m深度范围以内,微动探测与波速测井所获得的剪切波速度值相近,因此微动探测技术可用于场地类别的快速判定;(3)微动探测技术相比测井和主动源地震勘探,可更经济快速的探明深部地层的速度结构,为目标区地层三维建模提供拓展资料及修正依据。

就近城镇化背景下“半工半耕”模式的变化及其影响

就近城镇化作为如今中西部地区新型城镇化的战略要求和现实选择,使21世纪以来形成的“以代际分工为基础的半工半耕”模式发生了新的变化。文章以湖南省常德市为例,采用入户深度访谈等质性研究方法,分析农民工回流实现就近城镇化对原有的“半工半耕”家庭分工模式造成的影响。研究发现:就近城镇化过程中出现了以放弃老人农业为特征的“半耕”弱化,以及返乡就业压力和风险下的“半工”非正规化。农户家庭在参与城镇化的行为决策中,正从以经济收益为考量的方式转向以后代教育为导向的家庭分工新方式。就近城镇化正在广大的中西部地区发生,但新“半工半耕”模式带来的社会效应是复杂和不确定的。该模式的健康引导,对于探索本土化的内发型发展道路有着积极的意义。

“耕”以强体“读”以润心——上海市乌鲁木齐南路幼儿园耕读教育的实践探索

在新的历史时期,我国幼儿园应积极贯彻党中央国务院的工作部署,深入开展耕读教育并持续完善耕读教育体系。以上海市徐汇区乌鲁木齐南路幼儿园的实践探索为例,主张构建“知农事、养雅趣、敬自然、善思维、明道德”的城市幼儿园耕读教育模式,积极引导幼儿感知时令物候的奇妙变化,品味中华传统诗词的文化内涵,共享人类生命的丰富美好,感受农耕技术的智慧衍变,分享传承中华民族美德。

城市化进程下乡村振兴的困境与对策

随着城市化进程加速推进,农村生产要素大量外流,城乡发展差距日益扩大,城乡二元经济结构仍待改善,资本的无序扩张损害了农民的利益。党中央提出了乡村振兴战略,就是要推动农村的发展,保障农民的利益,重建中国人的精神家园。本文分析了乡村发展所面临的困境:农村资源流出、农业产业劳动生产率低下、数据要素确权不清晰等诸多困境,背后还隐藏着东方农耕文明与西方城市文明的激烈碰撞。结合农村建设与发展的特点,本文探讨农村发展破局的对策,农村发展不能照搬城市的发展模式,需要政策支持与制度创新;在传统商业金融失效的情况下,农村尤其需要非商业金融的支持,同时要推进城乡一体化建设,推进产业融合与产业数字化升级,加强产业链、供应链建设,最后还要推进全国统一大市场的建设,促进要素流入农村,挖掘有效需求,实现乡村全面振兴。

智能阳台种植综述

主要使用物联网技术、自动化技术和人工智能分析,分析了智能阳台种植的优势和挑战,并展望了未来的发展方向。具体方法包括感知层的传感器数据采集、网络层的数据传输与应用层的智能控制及远程监控;优势包括提高种植效率、降低人力成本、促进城市居民参与绿化和粮食安全,而挑战则包括系统稳定性、安全性和成本。未来发展方向则是通过降低技术成本和开销成本,实现更加智能化、规范化。

在城农民工留城倾向影响因素分析

本文依据 2 0 0 0年对成都市农民工的调查 ,在微观层面上分析了影响农村外出务工者留城的若干因素。研究发现 ,经济因素的作用并没有显示出统计意义 ,而社会心理因素 (比如对城市的认同和对土地的态度 )则能够给出比较合理的解释。教育程度会影响留城决策 ,但是其关系并不是线性的。配偶是居住在城市还是农村也会产生影响 。

中国农业生产会后继无人么?——城镇化背景下新生代农村人口务农状况考察

基于2014年流动人口卫生计生服务流出地监测调查数据,重点分析新生代农村人口的务农现状,并探究其务农决策的影响机制。1980年后出生的新生代农村人口务农比例低,与老一辈农村人相比表现出明显的代际差异,乡村社区治理环境对他们的务农决策有显著影响。应当进一步保障和促进农民增收、改善农村生产生活条件,同时抓住机遇推进农业现代化建设。

三江平原垦区城镇化质量测度研究

垦区城镇是我国特殊历史背景下形成的,以从事专业化农业生产活动为主的人口聚居地,是一种特殊的城镇聚落形态。以三江平原垦区城镇宝泉岭、红兴隆、建三江和牡丹江管理局为研究对象,选取了与垦区城镇区位相邻的普通农区城镇以及东部沿海农业大县作为对比样本,并与全国和黑龙江省城镇化质量平均水平横向比较,从经济发展、产业结构、生活水平、社会发展、基础设施以及生态环境等多方面特征构建评价指标体系,基于组合权重法对城镇化质量进行测度。结果表明:垦区城镇化质量普遍偏差;经济总量增长速度较显著,但工业化对城镇化的带动作用不强,服务业发展均衡性较低,新增服务行业发展速度已经滞后;城镇居民潜在的消费能力较大,消费需求的实现能力相对较小,城镇社会事业建设缺失公共财政保障;城镇形成的历史较短,基础设施建设普遍不足,生态环境质量有待进一步改善。

城市化质量与刑事犯罪

大量的犯罪经济学文献表明城市化会导致犯罪率的提高,但一个显著的事实是——高质量的城市化可以抑制犯罪。采用中国1995-2009年的省级面板数据,分别以非农户籍人口与城镇人口比重衡量城市化进程的"质"与"量",并以二者之差衡量"半城市化"问题的严重程度,利用动态面板模型估计的结果显示:高质量的城市化进程与刑事犯罪率负相关,低质量城市化与"半城市化"问题的加重导致了刑事犯罪率的提高。因此,城市化并不必然导致刑事犯罪率的提高,应更加注重城市化质量而非速度,打破户籍管制与提高城市福利可以在一定程度上克服城市化进程中的犯罪问题。收入差距所引发的社会紧张与不公平感亦是犯罪行为的重要诱因,而公共安全支出则能够发挥有效的威慑作用。

基于耕作半径合理布局居民点研究——以山东省沂源县城乡建设用地增减挂钩项目区为例

城乡建设用地增减挂钩项目实施过程中涉及村庄合并,农村居民点合理布局的前提是保证村民有足够的田间作业时间,因此合理耕作半径的确定是城乡建设用地增减挂钩项目实施首先需要解决的问题之一。本文在综合考虑影响耕作半径的自然、社会、经济及土地利用因素的基础上,分析了影响因素与耕作半径之间的作用机制,确定了耕作半径的决定性因素。以沂源县鲁村镇增减挂钩项目区为研究对象,对其合理耕作半径进行测算,结果表明,该研究区合理耕作半径为3.2 km,即与建新村距离3.2 km以内耕地所涉及的村庄可以作为拆旧村庄向建新村合并。现阶段,非人力出行方式及机械化农用工具使用比重在研究区较低,提高高速度交通工具使用比例和广泛应用机械化农用工具是缓解耕作半径限制的重要途径。

芝加哥都市垂直农场模式及其启示

垂直农场也叫立体种植农场,是把田地向多层建筑的楼层化农场发展,在人工修筑的多层建筑物里,充分利用可循环的能源和温室技术,模拟农田的农作物生长环境,进行各种高效的农业生产。以芝加哥垂直农场为例,分析了该垂直农场运行机制及商业模式,剖析了都市垂直农场发展相关问题,并从战略研究、技术研发、协同创新与平台构建等方面提出了加快我国都市垂直农场探索与实践的若干建议。

典型农业型城乡交错区小型蔬菜生产系统重金属平衡的研究

以南京城乡交错区小型蔬菜生产系统为例,研究了1年期间(2003.7—2004.7)蔬菜种植过程中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd等重金属元素的平衡状况和污染潜力。结果表明:该系统重金属的输入途径主要为施肥和灌溉,施肥特别是有机肥是生产系统重金属输入的主要来源,占输入量的98%以上。重金属年输入量较高,明显高于欧洲农业区水平,而年输出量较低,占输入量的10%以下,在重金属平衡上试验地均表现为盈余。多年的蔬菜种植己导致土壤重金属积累。试验区土壤和蔬菜中的重金属含量均低于国家安全标准,表明蔬菜生产系统现状较安全。综合大气沉降等因素评估表明,本地区Cu、Zn、Cd污染风险较大,且高强度的种植管理会加剧生产系统重金属污染,有可能导致蔬菜地土壤在几十年内即能达到国家土壤环境二级标准。